Octopuses are the World’s Greatest Escape Artists (Ft. PhilosophyTube)

octopuses are the original masters of disguise in fact there's one currently in the studio with me can you find it hi I'm Danielle Defoe I'm Molly Leonard and you're watching Animalia logic before we go any further let's tackle the plural form of octopus the original plural form from the 1700s was octopuses but around that time there was a grammatical movement to make English more regular so it was changed to have a latin ending giving us octopi but it doesn't stop there octopus isn't the latin word and is in fact based in greek so the word was amended once again to be octopod YZ but the thing is when a foreign word enters the English language it becomes treated as an English word meaning octopuses was right all along enough grammar lets octopus octopuses are cephalopod mollusks that belonged to the octopod of order and are quite possibly the coolest animal ever there are roughly 300 known species of octopus being such a diverse group they range from the tiny the star soccer pygmy octopus which are around 1.5 centimeters or half an inch long to the huge the Giant Pacific octopus which have an arm span of four point three meters or fourteen feet what we gonna you get a run here I think we're gonna get attacked by an octopus in a second species are found all over the world even as far south as Antarctica they have six arms two legs two eyes three hearts no bones blue blood a beak are bilaterally symmetrical and are one of the most intelligent animals in the world since their bodies like any air bladders and gas pockets that would implode at great depths octopuses are able to live at the literal bottom of the ocean taking 15,000 pounds of pressure per square inch that's like having one and a half school buses on every square inch of your body usually animals seem to get one to two unique that gives them an advantage over their environments cassowaries have their sharp foot clawed powerful kick anteaters have their tongues hyenas have their powerful jaws but octopuses are stacked first the only hard part of an octopuses body is their razor-sharp beak this allows them to squeeze through anything bigger than that beak which depending on the species are usually around an inch in diameter this means that a 600-pound or 272 kilo octopus can squeeze through a tube the width of a quarter a recent study found that those beaks are packed with venomous saliva which they chiefly use for subduing prey like paralyzing a clam into opening its shell however a bite from the beautiful golf-ball-sized blue ringed octopus has a venom 10,000 times more toxic than cyanide and can kill a human in under 90 minutes though they're fully been 3 fatalities in the last hundred years secondly octopuses are masters of disguise they can change their entire skin color and texture in under a second to match their surroundings octopuses match their body texture to their environment using eyesight but the mystifying thing is they're colorblind they may be able to distinguish polarized light better than humans can but how they actually tell different colors apart is still unknown their color change is made possible by cells called chromatophores which contain different pigments Fox Meyer from the Smithsonian Museum describes the color changing process as similar to squeezing a dive filled balloon the more you squeeze the more the surface is stretched and the more the color appears they're also able to change texture creating bumps spikes grooves and ripples as needed it's not just color and texture some octopuses namely the mimic octopus not only imitates color and texture but shape and behavior the open ocean is a deadly place for octopuses so instead of adapting deadly poison or sharp teeth they've adapted to be able to look like things that have deadly poison or sharp teeth in under a second a mimic octopus can change their color pull their arms back and swim along the ocean floor to resemble abandoned soul or they'll swim in more open water with a stripy pattern with their arms jetted out to resemble the spines and movement of the deadly lionfish if they're under attack they'll burry all but two arms underground and put on a strike pattern to resemble a poisonous sea snake another tool on their diverse belt is their ink octopuses use their ink as their last resort to confuse our predators before jetting away but it's not just a visual distraction the ink contains an amino acid called taurine which many predators find incredibly appealing causing them to stop pursuit of the octopus and instead stick around with the ink the ink also causes a chemical reaction in the predators nervous system which confuses them and slows them down it's also very sticky which stops up the Predators sensory organs however the partner does catch one of the octopuses arms they were able to just detach the arm and later we grow it unlike many lizards that lose their tails and regrow less than perfect tails our regrown octopus arm is as good as new a new study into octopus armor generation from of the protein acetylcholinesterase or ACH Eve which is also found in our bodies as well it's unusually active when an octopus is regrowing an arm in the study they remove 2 centimeters from the tip of an octopus's arm and within 150 days the tip had fully regrown they found the protein ACG to be most active from day 21 to day 41 scientists are unclear how or even if a CAG is a big player in arm regeneration in octopuses but they hope to one day study its regenerative properties in humans as you know octopus arms are covered in suction cups but what you might not know is that 2/3 of an octopus is neurons located in their arms not their central brain meaning that their arms connect independently from one another this is also why if you sever an octopus arm it'll still react if you touch it octopuses are incredibly smart and make great use of tools coconut octopuses found off the coast of Indonesia are named so because they have been dock carrying coconuts around with them moving along the ocean floor with no cover is a dangerous venture so coconut octopuses bring their own cover in the form of coconut halves when a predator approaches they duck underneath the shell why the Predators don't stop to wonder how a coconut got so far out into the open ocean is anyone's guess though I suppose an african swallow could have gripped it by the husk in captivity octopuses have figured out how to escape from jars open jars solve mazes and have figured out how to escape from aquariums octopuses in captivity are mischievious Bunch as I get bored very easily as any intelligent creature would if you keep an octopus at home be sure to keep it constantly entertained and engaged otherwise you'll have another inky on your hands worse than escaping scientists found that in non-stimulating barren tanks captive octopuses became very stressed and some turn to autophagy or eating their own arms in 2009 at the Santa Monica Pier aquarium staff came in one morning to find the floor submerged in 200 gallons or 750 liters of seawater what happened was overnight a - spotted octopus had taken apart the water recycling tank and pointed one of its tubes out of the tank spraying water onto the floor throughout the night scientists have attempted to measure octopus intelligence by observing them opening clams and mussels turns out they prefer eating mussels because they're easier to open but does their ability to solve problems to get food mean they're intelligent for that question I'm gonna need some help from my friend Ollie over on philosophy tube it's been said that octopuses are intelligent but what does it mean to be intelligent have you ever seen an octopus take an IQ test honestly it's embarrassing although they do have the foresight to bring their own ink a good starting definition of intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge but then what is knowledge for an octopus or even for a human it's common in philosophy to distinguish between two different kinds of knowledge knowledge that and knowledge how it's difficult to tell whether octopuses can know that things are true because we can't ask them but they might have knowledge how catherine hawley is suggested that knowing how to do something means that you could probably succeed at doing it if you tried under some specific circumstances and octopuses can succeed in certain tasks like getting food out of jars as usual in philosophy it's a little bit more complicated than that though so head on over to my channel philosophy tube when you're done here and we'll talk about what you know thanks ollie and nothing makes for a great segue quite like detachable penises the Argonaut octopuses penis breaks off during the mating process and stays with the female and like its arms it grows back to inseminate the female the male will either inject us spermatophores directly into the tube that the female uses to breathe or he'll just hand them to her which the females always accept with one of their right arms scientists still don't know why this happens after this the males typically wander off to die no hood said the female will then lay her some odd 400,000 eggs she'll stop eating while protecting them and when they finally hatched her body commits cellular suicide contrary to historical Japanese depictions octopus sex is not a fun time female Argonaut octopuses are 600 times larger than the males the male's being only 2 centimeters or three-quarters of an inch long you can imagine why he'd want to detach his penis and make a speedy getaway blanket octopuses are also incredibly sexually dimorphic but that's not what's cool about them remember the Portuguese men wore the colonial organism with the deadly venom well blanket octopuses are immune to their poison so they hunt them down rip off their tentacles and wield them as weapons when hunting prey finally I'll leave you with this newly identified octopus which is so cute scientists are considering naming it adorable is what animal should I check out next please let me know in the comments and go watch all these video on the two different types of knowledge and subscribe his channel rocks you'll love it I promise if you want to keep this show going and get up assad's a week early be sure to sign up for your free 30-day trial of the vo streaming app love nature which is currently featuring animal logic it's not available in every country yet so if you can't get it you can still get episodes a whole week early on our website community love nature.com so if you do sign up for the app it will go a long way to keep Animal Logic going be sure to subscribe to this YouTube channel for new episodes of Animal Logic every other week or as often as we can make them thanks for watching

Channel: Animalogic

Views: 12,001,168

Rating: 4.4590039 out of 5

Keywords: show, beautiful, crazy, fish, nemo, animalogic, learning, animalsfacts, facts, education, gross, camouflage, research, notexactlynormal, interesting, ellen, animal, learn, albert brooks, disney, pixar, finding, normal, hank, dubeau, dory, easy, exactly, f16, beak, not, smart, degeneres, animals, info, about, school, dylan, clown, inteligent, camo, information, logic, ugly, mimic, octopus, trailer, fun, weird

Id: wSn7CJ0cNZ4

Length: 11min 41sec (701 seconds)

Published: Fri May 20 2016