Hello. My name is Emma. Today, we will talk
about negative words, like "no", "don't", "doesn't", and "didn't", and "not". When
do we use these words? Many learners have difficulty with these words, so let's learn how
to use these words. So, I have four sentences. Let's make these sentences negative. The sentences
are "I have friends", "I will see you", "I can sing", and "I work". Can you try to make
these sentences negative with words like "no", "don't", "didn't", "doesn't", and "not"?
Okay. Let's look at the negative sentences. "I have friends" becomes "I have no friends",
or we can say "I don't have friends". Both are possible. "I will see you" becomes "I
will not see you", or "I won't see you". Both are possible. "I can sing" becomes "I cannot
sing", or "I can't sing". Again, both of these are possible. Finally, "I work" becomes "I
don't work". So, let's look at when do we use "no", when do we use "don't", "doesn't",
and "not". What are the grammar rules for these words? Okay. So, we use "not" with "be"
verbs. So, when I say the "be" verb, I mean when we say "I am", "you are", "he is", "she
is", "we are", "they are". These are all examples of sentences with the "be" verb when it's
been conjugated. So, let's look at examples with "not". So, I can say, "I am not a student."
Notice, "not" comes after the "be" verb. "Am" is the "be" verb, "not" is after the "be"
verb. We can say the same with "you". "You are not a student.", "He or she is not a student.",
"We are not", actually there's a mistake here, we can say, "We are not students.", "They
are not", again, same mistake, we'll just add an "s" here, "They are not students."
One other thing I want to mention is that we can also use a contraction. A contraction is
when you combine two words and add an apostrophe. So, for example, we can say, "I am not a student.",
"You aren't a student.", "Aren't", I'll write how it's spelled, is a contraction. It's "are
not" together with an apostrophe. So, we can say, "You aren't a student." It's the same
with "is not", we can combine "is" and "not" to make "isn't", and we can say, "He or she",
"He isn't a student.", "She isn't a student." And it looks like this. Okay. And the same
goes for "We aren't students.", "They aren't students." Now, it's your turn. "My dog is a cat." That
makes no sense. Let's use the "not" word. What can we say? Well, we have the "be" verb,
"is". "My dog is not a cat." Phew, good. Alright. What else can we say? Here we have the present
continuous, "We are learning English." So, let's make this a negative sentence. "We",
we have the "be" verb, "We are not learning English." Actually, I don't like this sentence
because we are learning English. Let's change this to French. "We are not learning
French." That's a better sentence. Okay, let's look at some other negative words
and how to use them. So, we use "not" with helping verbs, or you might call them auxiliary
verbs, or maybe modals. So, a helping verb is a verb that helps the main verb. It gives
information about the main verb. For example, "Allie can ride her sister's bike." "Ride"
is the main verb. We can say "can" is the helping verb here. So, what are some other examples of helping
verbs? Or, again, these are all the same things; modals, auxiliary verbs. Well, "will", "can",
"have", "should", "would", "could", "may", "might" are all examples of helping verbs.
So, let's see how we use "not" with these verbs. Okay, so now let's make a negative
sentence. So, remember, "not" is used with these helping verbs. So, we have the verb
"can". We can say, "Allie can not ride her sister's bike." Or we can say, "Allie can't
ride her sister's bike." Notice "not" or the contraction "can't" is before the main verb.
"Ride" is the main verb; "cannot" or "can't" are the helping verbs
in the negative form. Here is another example. "I will not go."
"Go" is the main verb; "will" is the helping verb. So, you'll notice that "not" goes between
these. It's right after "will". "I will not go." We can also use a contraction. "Won't"
is the contraction of "will not". "Will not" together becomes "won't". "I won't go." We
can do the same with "should". "I should not study at night." "Study" is the main verb;
"should" is the helping verb; "not" goes right after "should". "I should not study." We can
also say, if we use a contraction, "should not" together becomes "shouldn't".
"I shouldn't study at night." You might notice "cannot" is one word, but
"will not", "should not", "have not", "could not" are two words, separate. Why is there a
difference? "Cannot" is a special exception. "Cannot" is always one word. The rest of these
with "not" are two words with a space. Okay, it is time for a quiz. Practice what you learned.
Let's put the correct negative word here. You are no mad or you are not mad. Which is
correct? In this case, we have the "be" verb, so we know after the "be" verb, we use the
word "not". "You are not mad." That's good. The next sentence, "I would love to work 16
hours", or "I would love to work for 16 hours." Is that true? No. So, let's make a negative
sentence. What do we put? Do we put the word "not" here, or do we put it here? So, we have
our main verb, "love", and "would" is the helping verb, so we can say, "I would not
love to work 16 hours." And there's actually nothing here. Okay, "I would not love to work
for 16 hours." Or I can say, "I wouldn't love to work for 16 hours." Alright, let's look at the third example.
"She going to school." So, we need the word "is", but to make this negative, where do
we put the "not"? Or do we use "no"? Do we say, "She is no going to school" or "She is
not going to school"? Well, we would put "not", and where do we put it? Well, "is" is a "be"
verb, so it goes right after the "be" verb. "She is not going to school." And so there's
nothing that goes here. Okay, so for simple present tense verbs, we use "don't" or "doesn't".
Let's look at "don't" first. "Speak" is a simple present tense verb. We can say, "You
speak Spanish." The opposite is "You don't speak Spanish." "Don't" is a contraction;
it's "do not" together, becomes "don't". We can also say, "You do not speak Spanish."
That is possible, too. "Go" is another example of a simple present English verb. So, "You
go to church", we can make this a negative sentence by saying, "You don't go to church"
or "You do not go to church". So, what are some other simple present tense verbs? "Play"
is an example of a simple present tense verb. "He plays", "She plays", "I play". "Work" is
another example. "Travel", "visit", "look", "do", these are all examples of simple present
tense verbs. And so, with the simple present tense verbs, when they are not "be" verbs and
they are not helping verbs, we use "don't" or "doesn't". Let's look at "doesn't" now.
Okay. So, for simple present verbs, when we are talking about "he", "she", or "it", we
use "doesn't". For example, "He likes dogs." "Likes" is a simple present tense verb. If
I want to make this negative, I can say, "He doesn't like dogs." Or I can say, "He does not
like dogs." These are both possible. Again, "doesn't" is the contraction of "does" and "not".
"Does" and "not" together becomes "doesn't". Let's look at an example with "she". "She
works." "Work" is a simple present tense verb. If I make it negative, I can say, "She doesn't
work." Or, "She does not work." Now, you might notice "like" has an "s" because we are talking
about "he", so when we conjugate in English, we add an "s" onto the verb for "he". It's
the same with "she". "She works." We add this "s" because we are talking about "she", but
in the negative sentence, we do not need an "s". So, "He doesn't like dogs." There is no
"s" here because of the negative. "He does not like dogs." Again, no "s" because of the
negative. It's the same with "she". "Works" has an "s", "doesn't work", no "s", no "s".
So, let's do an example together with "it". "It", "he", and "she" all use "doesn't".
So, here is the positive sentence, "It rains every day." Let's make a sentence with "doesn't".
"It doesn't..." Okay, so now, the verb I'm going to use is "rain". Does it need this
"s"? No. So, we can say, "It doesn't rain every day." Okay, so no "s". All right, let's
look at some more examples of when we use negative words. Okay, time for a quiz. "She",
"sing", and "I", "sing". I want to make these negative sentences in the present tense. How
do I do this? Do I use "not", "doesn't", or "don't"? Let's start with "she". "She don't
sing", "She doesn't sing", or "She not sing"? The answer is "doesn't". So, "She doesn't",
and do we add an "s" here? Do we say, "She doesn't sing"? No, we don't add anything.
There is no conjugation; we keep the verb in its base form. What about "I"? "I don't
sing", "I doesn't sing", or "I not sing"? Well, in this case, we would use "don't".
"I don't sing", and do we add anything to the end here? No, we keep the verb in its
base form. Okay, so let's now think about the past tense. When we want to talk about
the past and we are using a simple past tense verb, we use "didn't". So, here is an example.
"Last year, I didn't go." So, "go" is my verb, and I'm talking about last year, so I can
use "didn't" as my negative, or I can use "did not". So, we can also use "did not".
"Didn't" is the contraction of "did not". If you combine "did" and "not" together, it
becomes "didn't". Can we say this? "Last year, I didn't went." Well, "went" is a past tense
verb. Is this okay? No, this is not correct. We need to keep it in the base form. So, you
don't change the verb. The verb stays in the base form. "Didn't" tells us it's the past
tense. So, we can do this with other verbs. "Last year, I didn't travel.", "I didn't play.",
"I didn't work.", "I didn't sleep." So, again, the verb does not change;
it's in the base form. What about for "she" or "he"? Is it different?
Okay, for "he" and "she", we use "didn't" for the past tense as well. It's the same
for "it". So, "it", "he", and "she", we use "didn't". "Last month, she didn't work." Do
we need "ed" here because it's the past tense? No, we don't. "Didn't" tells us it's the past
tense. We do not need "ed" in the negative form. If it was in the affirmative, "She worked",
in that case, yes, you would need "ed", but in the negative form, you do not need "ed".
"Last month, it didn't snow." So, we're using "it", we can use "didn't" or "did not". Does
"snow" need "ed" here? No. Why not? Because we are using "didn't". We don't need "ed"
and "didn't". "Didn't" tells us it's the past tense. What about the last one, "he"? "Last week,
he didn't play." Do we need "ed" here? No. We just keep the verb in the base form because
"didn't" tells us it's a past tense. So, this might seem easy to you, but many learners
make mistakes with "didn't" and "don't" and "doesn't", so be careful because as a teacher,
I see many mistakes with these words, and I don't want you to make these mistakes; I want
you to learn from this and to make grammatical sentences. All right, let's look at "no". We use "no"
with nouns. What is a noun? A noun is a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. Let's look at
some examples. "No dogs allowed." "Dogs" is a noun; it's an animal. So, we can use "no"
in front of dogs. You'll notice we use "no" when we are talking about rules a lot. You
know, "no swimming", "no cats", "no shirt", "no service". So,
you will hear "no" with many rules. So, let's look at another example. "There
was no bus." You might say, "I see a be verb. Why don't we use 'not'?" Well, because "bus"
is a noun, so the "no" goes with the word "bus"; it goes with the
noun. "There was no bus." Here's another example. "I have no homework."
"No" is describing the noun "homework". We can also use "no" with -ing noun forms, or
also called gerunds. So, for example, you might see the sign "no smoking". So, this
is a noun with -ing; we call it a gerund. We can use "no" in front of it, or "no eating
on the bus". So, again, we have our -ing form of the noun, so we can use "no". You might wonder, well, can I say, "I don't
have homework"? Yes, you can. You can say, "I don't have homework" or "I have no homework".
Both of these are possible. You cannot say, "I don't have no homework", because in English,
we do not like two negatives in the same sentence, so you should have one negative per sentence.
"I have no homework" or "I don't have any homework". Okay. So, thank you so much for watching.
The best way to learn is to practice and to test yourself. You can visit our website at
www.engvid.com and take a quiz on everything you learned in this video today. You can practice
"don't", "doesn't", "no", and "not", and when to use these different expressions. Remember,
practice makes perfect. You can also subscribe to my YouTube channel to see more videos on
many different topics, including grammar, vocabulary, slang, and so much more. So, thank
you for watching, and until next time, take care.
