Naked Science: Swallowed By The Sun (Red Giant Aftermath) 1080 HD

so I won't live forever in billions of years it will transform expand into an enormous red giant and swallow the earth humans will be long gone but what if this process happens now while we are still alive what would our planet look like it's a world we can barely imagine the story of what happens to our planet as the Sun turns into a red giant and we struggle to live in the aftermath our closest star is a giant ball of glowing gas more than eight hundred seventy thousand miles across the Sun is so large that a million earths could fit inside it but it's size is just one astonishing aspect of our Sun inside its core hydrogen atoms are constantly smashing together every second these collisions produce more energy than two billion nuclear plants could generate in a year the light and heat warms our planet and gives our world life but the fuel inside the Sun won't last forever eventually the hydrogen will run out we won't be here to see it because the sun's lifespans billions of years but what if we were what if our planet with our cities and population has to deal with a Sun that begins to age rapidly if we were able to jump forward billions of years at a time what would we see and how long could be survived imagine that this experiment begins today it's an ordinary summer morning but overnight the Sun ages millions of years adding more light and more heat to our planet up close it appears the same but the Sun is actually producing more energy than it does today as it consumes hydrogen the Sun's core becomes smaller and as the amount of hydrogen decreases the core is compressed this increase in pressure means more hydrogen atoms collide the Sun creates more energy and the earth is hotter people in New York City face temperatures over 130 degrees Fahrenheit the average global temperature has gone up by 36 degrees cities in Australia and Asia experienced temperatures that saw past 145 degrees from Egypt to England no corner of the world is safe even the coldest places on earth are much warmer than usual in Greenland and Antarctica snow and ice begin to know changes here affect the entire world it would take years but temperatures this heart would cause all the ice at the North and South Poles to melt the huge ice shelves of Antarctica and Greenland would slide into the sea sea levels around the world would rise by more than 200 feet Manhattan and coastal cities around the globe flood San Francisco Los Angeles Miami and most of Florida would be over well I world with too much Sun becomes a world with too much water under our rapidly aging Sun non flooded cities are also affected crippled by overuse air conditioners stopped working at 130 degrees the power grid can't handle the load overheated cities struggles to keep the power coming around the world people are overwhelmed by the intense heat we release extra heat by increasing blood flow to our skin that's why it turns red when we're overheated the hot blood is cooled as our sweat evaporates but when the temperature outside is above 98.6 degrees it's harder to cool down our body temperature starts to climb and our brains can't cope if our bodies get just six of seven degrees harder than normal for an extended period of time we can suffer permanent injury or death regular temperatures are 130 degrees are hard for us to handle several years ago excessive heat kills more than 500 people in Chicago during a five-day stretch temperatures reached as high as 106 degrees but this heat wave is permanent a brighter Sun has shattered our world and soon the planet would look like a total stranger during the course of its life our Sun will eventually burn through all of its hydrogen fuel it's a natural life cycle that will take billions of years if we speed up that aging process what effects might it have on Earth overnight the Sun ages another five thousand years it's still 36 degrees hotter than it used to be these temperatures flood cities like Manhattan but other cities transform in different ways bamboos and long grasses take over where evergreens and maples used to be if these conditions persist cities like Chicago and Toronto will have foliage like Southeast Asia around the world climate is dramatically different the intense heat is evaporating water faster than ever before immense amounts of water are sucked into the sky tropical storms / the planet but even though there's lots of water the rain is actually killing some plants and part of the reason is found in the mountains here the pounding rain causes massive erosion as new rock is exposed minerals start to bind with carbon dioxide over thousands of years it's stolen from the atmosphere but plants need carbon dioxide to breathe some absorb it more efficiently than others and in this hotter world they are thriving in new locations what other plants normally found in the northern hemisphere aren't adapting well maples Oaks and evergreens struggle with a dramatic climate change the rain that's changing the planet normally cools us down too we're one of the best animals in the world at regulating our temperature water can literally take heat away from our bodies but in humid 130 degree weather it's getting hard for us to get rid of our sweat under such extreme conditions our bodies can lose nearly a gallon of water an hour we're at the limits of our elders and the heat won't let up to make matters worse the concrete and steel of a big city collects the heat cities can be more than seven degrees hotter than the countryside to survive in such a hostile world there would be an enormous migration to the countryside where the temperatures are slightly cooler in the old world this used to be a fruit orchard helping the United States grow 150 million bushels of apples a year but like other plants in the northern hemisphere these apple trees are not doing well it's just too hot for the plants to grow and it would be difficult for us to harvest the fruit working in such intense heat quickly raises our body temperature to dangerous levels the Sun is on a relentless march to becoming a red giant but before it gets there the heat will continue to rise and will be completely wiped from the surface this is a world where the Sun is nearly two-thirds of the way through its life it's something that won't happen for three billion years but in this experiment we've sped up the aging process to see what effects the sun's old age would have on earth hydrogen used to make up most of the sun's core now it's severely depleted but even though there's less hydrogen the Sun is actually harder as the hydrogen decreases the outer layers of the Sun exert growing pressure forcing the remaining hydrogen to fuse more quickly it's a doomed cycle that will end in the sun's death if the earth we live on now was orbiting this aging Sun it would seem only about 30% brighter than it does today but it's not the brightness we react to as much as the heat seasons as we once knew them no longer exist the temperature now soars past 212 degrees hotter than the boiling point of water humans simply can't survive in this heat the liquid all our eyes with quickly evaporate and the severe heat would blind us our lungs are filled with alveoli delicate membranes that absorb oxygen they can't handle the 212 degree F long the heat would suffocate us it's not the only thing on the siege the magnetosphere is an invisible field circling our planet which protects us from blasts of solar radiation but this hotter Sun is producing more energy than ever before like a shield absorbing too many blows the magnetosphere begins to weaken and more solar radiation gets through to the planet's surface exposed skin is quickly destroyed the only place humans can survive is underground here ragged remnants of the population are shielded from the vicious UV radiation and crippling heat but we can't burrow too far the temperature rises over 15 degrees Fahrenheit for every 1,000 feet down we're literally trapped between the deadly breath of our star and the internal heat of our planet if we want to explore the surface we can't go unprotected modified spacesuits are a possible solution designed to battle the sun's searing heat these suits come with their own internal cooling system and oxygen supply the suits are white to help reflect the torturous heat but anyone wearing it will have to struggle with the suits weight more than 100 pounds it's the only way to survive on the surface of the planet a world radically different from anything humans have ever been exposed to and temperatures continue to climb it's now over 300 degrees cities make under the searing heat water evaporates far more quickly than it does under our presence all around the globe water levels are falling the Sun is literally boiling water off our earth the surface of the planet is as hot as a stove Manhattan is no longer an island but a city on a barren hill concrete and steel canyons that were built over hundreds of years are now deserted even water hidden in the sewers begins to evaporate and door sticks shut as the intense heat forces the metal to expand while open water is evaporating bottle water can still be found simple physics is keeping it safe as the water heats pressure increases inside the bottle raising the boiling point and even at 300 degrees this water won't boil yet but cans of soda and other carbonated drinks suffer a different fate as he bills inside the cans co2 the gas that gives soda its fizz is forced out of the liquid the pressure inside will eventually become too much as the temperature continues to climb the effects are much greater coastlines around the world look entirely different more and more of the oceans water disappears half of the water in the Pacific Ocean would be gone and the water is hot the average surface temperature of the oceans used to be about 63 degrees Fahrenheit now it's rising rapidly thousands of feet below the surface the water still cools fish that thrive in warmer waters still cling to life for now even Hardy creatures like cockroaches can survive they don't have lungs and can live for weeks at a time without food but as they venture into the Sun they eventually die overwhelmed by the heat as huge bodies of water burned off into the sky the Earth's climate continues its transformation more and more water is evaporating and condensing clouds stretch higher and higher into the sky and storms get increasingly larger mega storms hundreds of miles across /the planet if temperatures keep climbing the air eventually becomes too hot for the rain to hit the earth it would evaporate before it ever reached the crown for now the enormous banks of clouds reflect some of the sun's heat but ever rising temperatures on earth can't be stopped deserts take hold around the world even the hardy bamboos and grasses are overwhelmed plants can't survive the tremendous heat the death of plaid life makes the brutal conditions on earth even worse as plants and animals die they release carbon dioxide and water vapor into the sky both of these gases are part of our thermostat they help trap heat on the earth keeping it warm enough to sustain life but now as plants and animals rot and water evaporates at an astounding rate it creates an intense greenhouse effect too much carbon dioxide and water are being released our thermostat is broken it's more than 300 degrees on the surface of the planet and climbing but some life lasts longer than others cyanobacteria would be among the final living organisms on the planet even in hotter water this colorful algae sucks in carbon dioxide and water to live and produces oxygen as the dark curtain of bacteria grows across the ocean it blocks the Sun over large areas and no sunlight means there will soon be no life in a world of raging storms where human one of the most important necessities of life is disappeared with the death of Platt life there's less oxygen in the air huge amounts of new water vapor also lower the concentration of oxygen normally the air around us is about 20% oxygen under these conditions it falls to less than 10 it's not enough for us to breathe or sustain fire while lightning lashes the planet fire doesn't burn for now even though lightning strikes our building survived but worse is yet to come what's left of our planet is going to change even more dramatic our Sun is aging rapidly marching inevitably to its death this is the Sun as it would be four billion years from now the remaining hydrogen in the Sun's core is under tremendous pressure crushed by the weight of the outer layers hundreds of millions of tons of hydrogen are fusing together every second it's an earth we barely recognize the surface of the planet is now 700 degrees and rising it's too hot for us to survive even the most sophisticated suit can't protect us from the blistering heat and we can't survive underground either at these temperatures human life on earth is finished every last drop of water on the planet is evaporating the oceans become vast salty deserts sucked lifeless as the oceans vaporize earth is shrouded in clouds which reflect the sun's rays but that doesn't make it cooler the heat is trapped in this gas envelope but heat isn't the only punishing problem the air pressure on earth is now 270 times what it once was if humans were on the planet it would feel like every square inch of our body was being crushed under the weight of four thousand pounds eventually pressurized containers are destroyed crushed by the Earth's enormous atmosphere but even highly volatile liquids like propane and gasoline still can't burn in these conditions there's not enough oxygen to sustain flames but the extreme heat is more than enough to begin melting what we've left the 5 polyester and plastics turn into a molten mass the extreme temperature also marks the death of anything made of concrete which was created with water now in over 700 degree heat this trapped water evaporates explosively turning the concrete brittle and dusty the metal rebar inside the concrete which gives it added strength expands in the tremendous heat combined with the evaporation of the moisture the effect is dramatic but some ancient monuments are still able to withstand the heat even 700 degrees isn't enough to damage the limestone of the pyramids or the sandstone that makes up Stonehenge they wouldn't melt just yet assuming they were still around but these incredible temperatures are stable 700 degrees isn't anywhere near the most extreme the world will see the greenhouse effect gets worse temperatures shoot up towards 2400 degrees this last radical increase is the beginning of the end more and more of the water vapor circling the planet escapes our atmosphere and travels into space water that makes up the clouds is bombarded with UV radiation from the Sun the radiation splits the hydrogen off from the water molecule as the hydrogen escapes to space the oxygen stays behind and the world is remained about 5% of the Earth's crust is made of iron as the oxygen returns the iron rusts and the planet begins to turn red as the oxygen levels climb again the extreme temperatures spark a deadly cycle there's enough oxygen for fire to return anything that survived now burns even without the fire the limestone of the pyramids now crumbles and the sandstone of Stonehenge melts the last artifacts of our existence returned to the planet earth is now a scorched rusting world the Sun is just 40 percent brighter than it once was and what's left is completely consumed by fire the Sun that gave us life now has scorched the planet bear this is the earth billions of years into the sun's future our son has aged and we've tried to live under the light of a hotter brighter star our cities are gone our manufactured world destroyed by the blistering heat any kind of life has become impossible the Sun has aged more than 6 billion years it's time for the end not just of life on earth but of the planet itself deep inside the Sun the last of its hydrogen fuel is consumed what remains is a core of helium it takes enormous pressure and heat to make the helium fuse but now the immense force of the sun's outer layers bears down and this fusion begins the powerful ignition actually propels parts of the Sun out into the galaxy as the Sun continues to expand the earth is eventually baked in 3,600 degree heat our planet is scorched smooth its relentless growth has brought the Sun just a few million miles from Earth it has already swallowed Venus and Mercury now the Rising Sun completely fills the horizon on what remains of our planet it's over 200 times bigger than it once was humans would only be able to witness this event if we had somehow escaped the earth and were observing our planet from afar perhaps Jupiter's moon Europa it's always been outside the habitable zone of our solar system too cold to support human life but the red giant has changed that temperatures reach habitable levels even at the far edges of our solar system but earth looks nothing like it used to no signs indicate it could have ever sustained life and then the final act the massive outer edges of the Sun begin to slow the Earth's border our planet is now a fireball burning up like a meteorite in a blast of unimaginable heat with swallowed by the Sun this has been an experiment as our son ages it will slowly become harder and larger it will eventually become a red giant and transform our solar system none of this will happen for billions of years but even now our life and the life of our planet are balanced precariously the earth is just warm enough just

Channel: Henry Higgins

Views: 131,828

Rating: 4.7218542 out of 5

Keywords: Naked Science: Swallowed By The Sun (Red Giant Aftermath) 1080 HD, Red Giant Aftermath, apocalypse, Doomsday, death of planet Earth

Id: 3GCA0PV1uq8

Length: 45min 25sec (2725 seconds)

Published: Tue Jan 28 2014

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