Linux for Beginners

so this Linux for beginners is really to teach you how you stop coming to Linux installing a couple distributions and then going right back to Windows or Mac or whatever you typically use for a daily driver I use all of them so there's nothing wrong with any operating system it's just different strokes for different folks and I will just say I want to teach you how to make a Linux desktop look amazing and understand all the components I'm going to walk through a couple images on the screen real fast just so you get an idea of like mint to a KDE style to a fully customized one like I personally use and I've used a bunch of them differently and I want to teach you the ways and the components the things that you like and don't like about Linux to switch them out to all the things uh that said when it comes to what is a Linux beginner I would say if you're not technically Savvy to use Windows or Mac and have a pretty good understanding of those Linux isn't for you it's for technical people to really want to customize and make an amazing Computing experience because I will say with Windows and Mac I'm pretty bored I understand all the problems and limitations they have with Linux I'm just it's Limitless there's so much to do that I just fell in love with Computing that's why I mainly use Linux for my daily driver even though I edit videos on a Mac and I record on windows for a variety of different reasons mostly Hardware compatibility and some of the stuff that I use it just makes you know use the right tool for the right job kind of thing so that all said let's get on the desktop start installing Linux and kind of walk you through all the different customization you can do so for for this I have a little article on Chris titus.com Linux for beginners we're going to go through the install using Linux Mint but you can use any distribution you don't have to use mint we're just going to use it as an example because it's a good starting point for a beginner uh you just burn the download the iso that you get from Linux Mentor your distribution of choice using Molina etcher or if you're in Windows user Rufus is probably my preferred one but either one is good and then we're going to go through some of the things you can change where in Mac you're stuck with finder in Windows you're pretty much stuck with Explorer you can add programs on top of it but you can never really remove explore in Linux all that's different so we'll go through all the different types of file managers different theming options depending on the desktop environments you have remote access terminals all these things are really really an integral part of just understanding what doors you can open for Linux and then we'll go into some limitations and Windows app Alternatives that you might do so Adobe just to exclude some folks right out of the gate if you are using Like A Creative Suite Photoshop Premiere fat you know uh After Effects all these are just no-go's in Linux if you use these and you use them every day for your work Linux is not for you uh likewise if you're huge into like Microsoft Office and you use a lot of macros and really Advanced features maybe not and now this is not such a thing because of the development of Microsoft Office online uh G Suite is amazing so I use a lot of my tools office tools through the web browser these days but Linux does have some other Alternatives albeit a little bit uh not not as powerful I would say as the Microsoft alternative and then finally we'll touch on gaming and that's just the overview check down below for timestamps and we're going to start with downloading old Linux Mint right here click download grab your ISO stick it on a USB drive using bellina etcher which you can get here this works on Mac Windows Linux so whatever you're using you can easily stick your USB drive like this right into your computer flash that ISO and we'll meet you right on the install screen Okay so we've booted into our install media we'll just say start Linux Mint this puts us in what's called a live environment this is where we can kind of learn about it without destroying what's on the computer already so if you have Windows you can get in here mess around try these things out I do in the videos and see if it's right for you so that's what you do so I say get familiar with terminal this is one of those things where if you're in terminal this is something every Linux user will do whether it's installing a program like neofetch just so you can show off to your friends and look like an amazing hacker uh it's just there's so much to do in terminal to make this even better so terminal is probably the first thing and there's so many different types of terminals figure out which one you like the best which we'll go into we have our files how you actually browse a Linux install is really interesting I did an entire video but you don't necessarily have to watch that too long didn't watch of that is if we look at our title bar and we go to our root folder right here this is like my computer in Windows uh just a structured in an Nix type system if you're a Mac User you're like oh yeah yeah Macs are just like this just a little different with like applications and some extended properties but for Linux uh everything's here I'm not going to explain every folder because you really don't need to know too much other than USR does not stand for user that's system resources root is the pseudo or super user home directory home is where most of your files reside you go to download something it's usually the the folder the user and then it sticks it in downloads so that's the structure for most part Etc is our configuration files for the system so usually if the program gets configured system-wide it's in ETC directory devices is basically what Dev is these are physical devices that you can reference through the dev folder and then boot is usually where all your boot files are finally Ben is just a Sim link same with s bin down here to all the programs in your system so that's that's the actual folder structure why it's like that uh so if you're coming from Windows this is probably the biggest shock to you because you're used to like C drive with like users and all this other stuff uh just know that for the most part everything you know is going to reside in the home folder I just wanted to explain those other folders outside of it just in case uh you need a reference point in your home folder anytime you configure a program typically they will put it into something called dot config you'll notice you don't see the dot config because the dot before it hides that folder so this is where all your user configure files will actually go so don't worry too much about that that's the folder structure just know your home folders where all the goodness resides browse around in here pull around with settings all these things this is like a control panel every desktop environment typically has like a system setting like this that you can take advantage of now you don't necessarily need everything in your system settings this is just a good uh way to do it without having to breakout terminal for everything but everything in Linux is mint from server first and then desktop stuff gets kind of added on in mac and in Windows typically it's the other way around so the user experience can be a little bit less stable in the Linux realm because of this but just know that themes and all this stuff you can do so much with this you can download new themes let's change some of this switch it out to like adaptomoto and you can switch all these settings so easily compared to many other operating systems as you see we we've almost got like a completely new look in just a short amount of time which is kind of amazing but before we theme this out too much we are just working off of our USB drive if we reboot any of these customizations are completely lost so we're going to actually install Linux now uh and this only takes about two minutes it's actually a pretty easy install you just do your language I typically you always want to install anything that says non-free media codecs this just makes your life a little easier you typically want a dual boot where you do something else and have multiple discs in your system that's preferred uh but if you do erase and install typically this will wipe out your existing Windows system so be careful about this make sure you back up anything before you actually install by erasing a disk with data on it seems pretty easy most people know this but I thought I'd point it out and then we were time zone we'll set our user do a quick password and continue this out so it's a 1741 usually this only takes about two minutes and I will just skip forward okay that took about three minutes actually or two and a half a little bit longer uh if I was doing on bare metal I probably could get this down to two minutes now we just simply restart and this should boot into our Linux Mint for the first time and here we are we're presented with our login screen this is actually called the display manager but think of it as a login manager you can actually select different desktop environments which we're going to get into let's log in and see what we get from these stock settings all right this is a nice little welcome screen from mint I don't get too attached with mint because a lot of these things will change as we go about customizing but I do like the fact they give you a really good Suite of software that's really what a distribution does so if you really like how they do system snapshots with time shift install time shift on whatever distribution you're using the drivers work differently between Linux and Windows Windows actually installs drivers and it's a different type of Kernel or basically the brain of operating systems and Linux kind of has all these baked in so typically you just plug it in and your device either works or it doesn't there are some caveats to that but for the most part that's the truth so you can get certain proprietary blobs for Wi-Fi that's probably the biggest thing but for the most part there's no real drivers to download so I really don't like that the mint Team installed driver manager which it's not really a thing uh update manager is something that's just a front end the package manner that's any distribution uses system settings we are actually went over software manager is something that pretty much every Linux install does poorly mint probably does a better job than most uh but at the same time A lot of times you'll go to install a more obscure package in here and it'll fail and just won't tell you why so I don't really ever use software manager if this is your first time using Linux I would say browse around figure out okay what are the different Graphics things and all this the beauty of Linux is all this is free you're not paying for anything uh almost all of its free and open source which is even better but uh for that I'll probably install but I'm going to use command line instead of showing you how to click the install button just because it'll actually be useful to you the very first thing we do with any operating system install whether it's Windows Mac Linux you do an update so apt update type that in go out update your stuff now you can do the update manager if you want but I want to teach you this way because it's stuff that you'll be able to take to any Linux install if it's a Debian Ubuntu Papa OS Elementary everything uses what's called apt that's the package manager that will update the system install new programs remove programs hold programs back all of it runs through apt which is pretty good so every time you see something like uh why I recommend Linux Mint for new users is almost every article is written with apt in mind usually pseudo apt install if it says sudo dnf install usually that's Fedora if it says Pac-Man or yay those are the arch uh branches of Linux so just know that the package manager can change but for the most part you'll see apt the most go from update to upgrade and just type yes and this will go out and update all our packages you'll always do this every time on every operating system you ever install using stuff right off of the disk is usually months if not years old so preaching the choir here but it's super important you do this on everything all right with our update done we'll just reboot uh typically with a really big update off the initial one you need to reboot uh but Linux is a little different than Windows in the regard that you don't need to reboot necessarily after every update it just depends if the kernel gets updated or not uh so that's interesting and here it looks like a interesting little bug with probably mint that little loading there that's interesting but let's start uh customizing and doing things we've already kind of gone through the first steps and you can do the theming we've already done that I want to talk about display for a second because sometimes display can get a little bit misunderstood display a lot of times I'll always just blow this up get a proper ratio it can be set through system settings it can be set by other programs it doesn't necessarily have to be all in one spot so let's launch terminal I'm going to install a program called a randar teach you a little bit about a different way of setting your resolution so we can easily Just Launch a randar and this gives another uh visual way of setting your resolution so you could set it and then hit check box to manually do it and you can actually save this out as a default screen layout file so if we quit this and we come into our home folder let me blow that up clear this in our home folder we go into screen layout and we just display what that file did that def.sh this is what arandar made for us it made us a nice little display file to where we could actually change this and let's say we have this uh oh I don't have Vim installed uh probably Nano is installed the easiest editor Vim I don't recommend for newbies but if you do want to get better productivity from basic file editing learning Vim is huge I highly recommend installing them and then do Vim tutor this actually walks you through how to do vim and then you can do really cool stuff but for today uh I just want to do Nano again I kind of want to just show you all the doors to walk through and then leave you to walk through those doors uh but if you want to just become uh average user Nano works just fine and we're going to edit that file and this time we're going to just change the resolution to 1920 by 1080. instead of the 1600 by 9 and we'll just Ctrl o control X to write that out and then if we do default you'll notice changes our resolution for us so just a different way of doing it just explain that the control centers and then system settings it's nice but it's not the end-all be-all uh of setting your resolution there's other things and options that I want you to be thinking about what you like and don't like about this experience the first is your file browser how do you like this do you like this file browser if you want to change the theming or the colors well that's fine you can do that through your settings like we did in themes let's just give those more of a blue look a little bit better but honestly Nemo's not my favorite file manager uh let's install something different Let's uh grab thunar it's a bit more minimal experience but I I kind of like it and let's just do thinar dots and it'll explain a little bit different a little more compact I like the spacing a bit better in thunar but let's say we want Nautilus instead again when it comes to Windows you're stuck with Explorer you can install like files V2 on top of Explorer but it's not the same this actually can change the entire default app and you can Purge what's here which is kind of cool so let's try Nautilus and you can see it looks a little bit different I like the clean look of Nautilus though I will say if you're really into Aesthetics I think Nautilus probably does the best job but if you want just a lot of function so we'll do an impact install Dolphin and you can see it's using a lot more stuff because it's display in tool set is completely different from what we have just installed with Nautilus and Nemo where that was gtk based you'll hear these acronyms but gtk is a tool set to create graphic applications and then there's QT which is KDE dolphin couple other applications Caden live I think is QT as well that's a different tool set to create those graphic applications nothing standardized in Linux so there's all these different tool sets uh so you never you know it's it's a constant learning experience uh I just kind of want to explain those two things but let's uh launched off and so you can see it and this is what dolphin kind of looks like obviously the thing's a bit off we can fix that uh and change some stuff obviously it's not grabbing the blue themes and it has some neat features like a terminal which we don't have console installed to really get this looking properly I think it's time to take that next step which is to install KDE which is a completely different desktop environment this whole desktop Suite with the system settings the look and feel all that is something called sentiment well we can do KDE let's just do an uh apt search plasma I think it's plasma desktop is the minimal one I don't recommend doing like a KDE full because the problem with KDE and just to get a little bit behind the scenes a lot of the apps that KDE installs is just hot garbage like their discover stores not as good as mints you know their software store also a lot of their K apps uh like contacts with a K all these things are just awful they should probably just delete them and and get the stuff that most the community actually uses but KDE teams Still Still develops those awful apps I don't know why having said that let's install plasma desktop we can see that's a minimal set of applications and if we did an apt search KD full that is a complete software thing I highly recommend staying against the complete again it's just too much garbage so let's just do an app install KDE plasma desktop and you can see this is a lot of packages 600 almost 700 Megs worth of packages still nothing compared to what you see in Windows and Mac but hey it's something now we touched a little bit on display managers that's just think of it as a login manager uh and we're going to switch this from light DM which is what the cinnamon and mint Team uses to sddm now there's another one called gdm which is based on gnome I'm not going to touch on gnome because frankly it's my least favorite desktop environment but this is what it looks like it's not bad for those that want more of a Mac aesthetic that's just not my jam now if you do like KD a lot better than mint this is where distributions kind of come in while you can put a whole bunch of different desktop environments it kind of gunks things up you can see this is a lot of packages I have a pretty powerful PC but if I was running on like a netbook or a really low end PC you don't typically want to install this many packages and we're going to go through sddm now and load into KDE plasma which is a different desktop environment now from our login screen you can see session that's a desktop environment think of session as desktop environment and you can see we have plasma and we can type our password in and this is what you're going to see from a KDE plasma even though mint doesn't offer this spin uh it's still pretty functional for the most part but let's theme this out a little bit maybe uh change some stuff I first thing I don't like is their start menu I think this is a little weird and hokey so I'll just switch that to a more traditional start menu come into settings usually I change the global theme I really like Nordic that's just my uh my preference but pick whichever you want you want something more flashy they have like sweet KDE that's pretty awesome this will usually prompt a couple times and just you just need to enter your super user password to install this globally because this will change the login theme it'll change the actual desktop theme it kind of changes everything all in one go that's one thing I think Katie does a little bit better than most other desktop environments all right with that installed we can just select Nordic hit apply boom done let's fix startup and shutdown switch that over to Nordic as well all right that's done desktop sessions another thing Kitty doesn't do great I don't like to confirm my log out and I don't ever want to restore a previous session so starting with empty this usually causes your shutdowns to take forever in KDE splash screen that's on Nordic and then probably go into system settings show you that a little bit we'll go down and display let's see if we can't change it to like a 1080 display and ah kind of flip back and also obviously coming from mint this is probably not the recommended way you really like this aesthetic I would highly recommend you truck out like Ubuntu uh it would be a good first KD distro so let's uh hit the restart button and come back all right and here we are obviously a lot better login screen than that ugly thing we were doing you log in we have a lot better aesthetic we can change our desktop probably do some Bali and then we have a nice opaque a start menu that just makes sense oh one other thing I probably would do here is hit alt space to run K runner at the top and settings and we're just going to go down to system settings some of the icons are missing so probably would fix that with just switching this to either Breeze dark that's a pretty good one that's bass or I like Papyrus a lot which is down here or we could switch to a Nordic bluish tint I think that would be good as well and then this will fill in on a log out and logging back in again a lot of things in Linux can be done by just simply logging out logging back and you don't necessarily need to reboot which is quite nice you still have a lot of the functionality of mint here with a KDE skin obviously this isn't recommended but I want to show you one more thing too which is well I'm doing all this from a VM so typically I'll just shut this guy down and once this goes down I can boot into Windows I highly recommend at least having a Windows VM for programs that you're like oh wait I got to get this or that uh maybe like a Adobe document for my work I need to do some bait stamping and Adobe portfolio or something like that I'm going to need Windows for that and I'm going to have to load that up so that's what my windows VMS for this is my setup it's a basic Debian setup meaning I installed it from server there's no desktop environment everything here is custom if I change my resolution or any of that well I'm just going in here and just typing the commands to do that quitting out everything's done with a hotkey very very productive if I want to go about doing it this method and the thing I want to leave you with is when it comes to using Linux always be thinking of Linux Alternatives don't come in expecting it to work like how Windows works when it comes to gaming it works a bit different you install stuff differently everything is different learn that different method because if you expect it to work like Windows and you're not willing to learn Linux is not for you and that's just kind of how it all works I still use Windows and I still use Mac and I still use Linux obviously Linux is my main daily driver that I love to do it because I'm so productive where when I'm on Mac and windows it feels slower because it is slower and I can do Global hotkeys in Linux for everything and you just don't have that functionality because it's so locked down but you have support in Windows and Mac and you just you're kind of on your own in Linux and I wanted to just show you all the doors today so you could walk through them let me know down below all the things that you missed because those comments are how I um succeed and learn new things the comments are how I was able to learn all this stuff in just a short period of a couple years and with that I want to thank everybody and I'll see you in the next one

Channel: Chris Titus Tech

Views: 585,748

Keywords: chris titus tech, Linux for Beginners, linux for beginners 2022, linux for beginners 2022 in hindi, linux for beginners ubuntu, linux for beginners 2020, linux for beginners 2022 redhat, linux for beginners 2022 ubuntu, linux for beginners 2022 centos, linux for beginners playlist, linux for beginners 2022 playlist, linux, linux tutorial, ubuntu, linux commands, linux tutorial for beginners, linux command line tutorial, linux course, linux commands for beginners

Id: 10f4899srvc

Length: 26min 31sec (1591 seconds)

Published: Mon Sep 19 2022