Let's explore Euclid's new images!

the uclid Consortium has just published the first early release observation science Resorts five reference papers about the survey the instruments and simulations and 10 science papers and to accompany this five new stunning images hey Space Cats I'm Dr Maggie Lou and in this week's video we're talking about ucl's new images so let's [Music] go you Space Telescope is isa's Optical and infrared Observatory building a 3D map of our universe to help solve the Mysteries behind the Dark Universe I made a video about the details so please check it out if you haven't already they started their survey operations in February but they're still fine-tuning their data pipelines but in the meanwhile Isa called for a special early release observation or ER program in order to collect one day of astronomical observations that could showcase the capability of uclid with a priority on communication and Outreach in the end six proposals were selected a first glance at free floating baby Jupiters with uid ID's view of Milky Way globular clusters a uclid Showcase of nearby galaxies a Galaxy cluster seen with uclid a cluster of galaxies and a glimpse into ID's Universe through a giant magnifying l lens now I'm not going to go into the details of these papers here but the program looked at 17 Targets in total five of which we saw images released back in November 2023 and now they've released five more so let's take a look first up is Abal 2390 Abal 2390 is a massive Galaxy cluster located about 2.7 billion light years away from Earth in the constellation of Pegasus with more than 50,000 galaxies Bound by gravity it's a huge reservoir of dark matter and it acts as a giant magnifying glass on the even deeper Universe from groundbased data of sdss 9 this is what Abal 2390 looks like as you can see it's obvious there's a big cluster of galaxies here I mean it's an Abal object after all recall that the Abal catalog are objects that were discovered through meticulous examination of photographic plates by eye back in the 1950s but even in the sdss data there's no sign of gravitational lensing uid data is four times sharper than those that we can take from groundbased telescopes the observation reveals many more galaxies sharper galaxies and some things we don't see in the ground data at all multiple giant curved arcs caused by strong gravitational lensing remember that this is when the Gravity from the Galaxy cluster is so strong that that it distorts the light from the galaxies behind that cluster warping the Galaxy's light into an arc in some places the gravity is so strong it produces multiple images of the same galaxy and a famous example is this straight Arc here this remarkably straight Arc has two brakes dividing it into three segments of roughly equal brightness they're all believed to be images of the same galaxy it's multiple lenses and strong lensing arcs like these ones that provide valuable constraints on the distribution of dark matter and it allows us to model the distribution of mass in the cluster you may also have noticed these arcs around all the brightest stars these arcs they're not strong lensing effects but instead they're artifacts caused by persistence from the micr assembly wheel actuations persistence is caused by a slight delay in the detector's response after being exposed to Bright Light when the micro shutters open and close during observations this can cause a faint ghostlike image of the shutter movement to appear in the final image now these effects are expected and they're not a flaw in the telescope system uclid cutout view of Abal 2390 also shows the faint intracluster light emitted by stars that don't belong to apparent Galaxy they just exist in Intergalactic space some Studies have found a good good correlation between the spatial distribution of intracluster light and the Dark Matter distribution in clusters so potentially it could be used as a chaser for dark matter but this emission is extremely faint from the ground so that's something ID will be amazing for Abal 2390 was the prime target in their early release observation paper a preview of uclid era for a Galaxy cluster magnifying lens but it's not the only one the other prime target is another Abal cluster Abal 2764 and they also made this round of released images the paper showcases both weak and strong lensing capabilities of uclid when you compare this cluster with the groundbased DSS2 observations of it and how many more galaxies and how much sharper it is you really get a sense of why uclid is needed for this kind of work to get accurate Mass modeling of the distribution of Dark Matter using weak gravitational lensing we need to measure the shapes of galaxies as accurately as possible the effect of gravitational lensing is a distortion of the shapes of the galaxies but it's an order 1% or less so the more galaxies that you can measure shapes for the better you can constrain the signal with the help of strong gravitational lensing and a technique known as Dropout where you look at what way wavelengths astronomical sources disappear at I.E in some filters you might see them and in others not with this Dropout effect it's possible to identify really far away galaxies in both Abal 2390 and Abal 2764 and by far away I mean galaxies with red shifts greater than red shifts of six these galaxies are known as Lyman break galaxies or lbgs for short and 30 of such are found in this image of Abal 764 with one source being as far away as a red shift of 7.7 that corresponds to when the universe was just 680 million years old that's 5% of its current age 139 are extremely red sources ERS s's which will also be very far away galaxies but not quite so far away as lbgs they're still useful to learn about the early stages of the universe's Evolution and how galaxies formed it's so important that these sources made a paper for themselves now if red galaxies are really far away galaxies then these blue splodges must be nearby galaxies right no these blue fuzzy splodges are actually Optical ghosts artifacts that are a result of the complex Optical systems that also pair with a bright star messia 78 or m78 for short is a reflection nebula meaning it shines by reflecting the light off of nearby Stars it's located in the Orion constellation about 1,600 light years away from Earth and it's part of the much larger Orion molecular cloud complex a large reservoir of gas and dust where new stars are actively forming within m78 there are prominent dark clouds dense concentrations of Interstellar dust that obscure the light from stars and glowing gas behind them they appear as dark patches or streaks known as D Lanes against the brighter background of the nebula in groundbased data the nebula looks like this but you can see so many more details in the uclid image the wispy Fred light filaments form through a combination of turbulence magnetic fields and gravitational instabilities within of the molecular cloud they can also be sculpted by the winds and radiation from Young massive stars that play a crucial role in tracing gas flow and the influence of magnetic fields now this nebula is not just prettier in uid the nisp instrument near infrared spectrometer and photometer allows us to peer through the dust to reveal hidden protostars and young Stellar objects within the central bright Stellar Nursery Behind these clouds similarly we see Star forming regions in the upper left and lower right the infrared light emitted by the young stars and protostars can penetrate this dust unveiling details about their formation and evolution that would be invisible at Optical wavelengths by analyzing the infrared Spectra obtained by nisp astronomers can also determine the temperatures and densities and chemical compositions of these objects uclid instruments are so sensitive that they can detect objects just a few times the mass of Jupiter it's revealed over 300,000 new objects in this image alone some of which are rogue planets that aren't associated with any Star it's still unclear whether these planets were a Ed from their original solar systems or if they formed independently in the depths of space but with enough of them they could potentially account for dark matter now NGC 6744 is one of the six galaxies in the ER paper deep anatomy of nearby galaxies this paper showcases high resolution sensitivity and the huge field of uclid NGC 6744 is one of the largest spiral galaxies in our vicinity and it's often called milky Way's twin due to its remarkable resemblance to our home Galaxy the central bar plays a crucial role in feling gas towards its Center fueling star formation and potentially feeding a super massive black hole and the spiral arms where most of the star formation happens are actively moving and compressing gas to Aid in this Inda 2 uclid has sensitivity to detect low surface brightness emission and this means it can even detect Ultra diffused DW dwarf galaxies and compact dwarf galaxies indeed uclid confirms the presence of four previously known dwarf satellites of NGC 6744 but it also detects a previously unknown dwarf Galaxy that they call edw C1 this is hugely surprising because this is a really well studied Galaxy but not only is it able to detect these faint galaxies but the spatial resolution of uclid allows it to resolve indiv ual Stars Within These galaxies now in the 24K image of the NGC 6744 we see several unusual circle-- likee features these are distinct from Optical ghosts the blue patches we saw earlier for one thing they're not blue instead these are artifacts that are likely caused by variations in sensitivity or dark current across the N detector chip dark current is an electrical signal that builds up in the pixels even when no light is falling on them and it can be due to Thermal fluctuations or imperfections in the detector material these artifacts can be mitigated through calibration or masking in the final image processing as they try to do here in this enhanced image and lastly we come to the Dorado group of galaxies this is a loose group comprising of about 70 galaxies about 62 million light years away the Dorado group is much larger than our local group that are Milky Way lives in these two massive galaxies are in the process of merging and you can see the tidal tals and the interactions these tails are streams of stars gas and dust that are pulled away from the host Galaxy due to the gravitational forces exerted during these interactions studying these features can help astronomers understand how galaxies grow and evolve over time the Hubble Space Telescope has previously focused on individual galaxies within the group but thanks to ucl's massive field of view and high spatial resolution we can see both The Wider field of the entire group and the Galaxy interactions but simultaneously also see the intricate details of the stars and the star clusters I think it's safe to say that even though uclid is still months away from their first results from their main survey these first look results are pretty impressive and it gets me super excited for what's to come in particular particular for the cosmology results anyway that's all I have time for this week thank you to my YouTube perks members for supporting this video and as usual if you enjoyed it please don't forget to leave me a like share and subscribe hey Space Cats Fly With Me To the Stars faster than light soaring past Mars unveiling the cosmos new worlds to explore fly with me to the stars and more

Channel: Space Mog

Views: 37,831

Keywords: space mog, maggie lieu, astronomy, space, science, astrophysics, space news, euclid space telescope, euclid images, astronomy lover, space science, space tech, nebula, astrophotography, ESA, european space agency, galaxy, stargazing, deepskyobjects, deepskyastronomy, stars, esa sky, outerspace, space telescope, star clusters, nasa, astro, euclids first images, sky at night, weak lensing, dark matter, dark energy, dark universe, hidden galaxy, interstellar light

Id: Hgsuno7TYvk

Length: 13min 39sec (819 seconds)

Published: Sun Jun 16 2024