In Defense Of The Worst Plane of WW2 - Brewster Buffalo

thank you to skillshare for sponsoring today's episode stick around until the end of the video to find out how you can get a free trial at skillshare and learn something new the brewster buffalo is considered as one of the worst planes of world war ii as one book elon quinly puts it the brewster buffalo was to gain an unenviable record for inadequacy and mediocrity in world war ii type worst planes of world war ii into google and the booster buffalo will feature in any of the 12 lists which is interesting for two reasons a it's funny because somehow these lists are always the same aircraft just in a different order yet we still click on these links and then the second reason that's the more important one it gives us an opportunity to look at this a little bit more closer and really ask the question was it truly that bad because we know that there are aircraft out there like for example the p49 air cover that weren't actually that bad but it did get a poor reputation during world war ii simply based on the context of their use during that conflict as in the previous installments in this irregular in defense of series the aim is not to change your opinion or to score some sort of contrarian points now the aim is to explain how the buffalo came about why it was adopted how it performed and what shaped our perception of it and at the end of the video i will as always turn it over to you to tell me what you think about this aircraft [Music] the first thing we have to recognize is that the buffalo was an incredibly important and technical development for the us specifically us navy prior to world war ii but to understand that we really need to look at another plane first and that is the grommam ff1 this aircraft with its overweight beer belly featuring look yeah you might not believe me but in 1931 this was a high performance powerhouse its performance topped that of many other fighters of the time and the ff1 was also introduced into the navy as a dive bomber although this doesn't surprise given the time the bomb load and dive-forming capabilities were justified on the basis that the u.s carrier force was limited so all aircraft should be multi-role in october 1930 admirals wanted the single-seat fighter mission expanded to include in tax on enemy surface ships now in the mines of the people at the time the bomb load should be that of at least a single 500 pound bomb the ff1 instead managed barely two 100 pound bombs one under each wing but at the time in 1941 you had either the great depression that was still going on and they were budgetary constraints and has such a single plane that could fulfill two roles instead of two planes that were fulfilling a role each was just seemed better for the budget so the ff1 was introduced but then the u.s navy and viewer bureau viewer the bureau of aeronautics they changed course by november 1941 the borough of aeronautics plans divisions was calling for a special fighter not comprised by the 500 pound requirement the bureau of aeronautics and the fleet agreed that the special fighter was an aircraft designed entirely to fight other aircraft for that it needed speed superior performance and firepower thus with some drum roll fanfare red carpet and lifting curtains the us navy launched itself on the high-speed flight program [Music] for years the u.s navy and army sponsored racing events competitions and flight shows like the pulitzer trophy race and these events were integral part of their procurement strategies air racing and speed trials were not the only venues for garnering public interest in aviation during a period when both services were struggling to obtain the funds necessary for the continued growth of their aeronautical arms any aerial activity that established a new record for distance altitude or endurance could be and was actively used by both services to publicize their achievements in aviation these events were prestigious honoring glory were one on those days and a slice of the budget which let's be honest was the main incentive the buffalo yes i'm getting to that in comparison to these public events the high-speed flight program of 1931 was an entirely different affair first of all it was an internal process and for the first time the u.s navy has had very clear design and development specifications to the industry in order to bring some sort of order into a very chaotic aeronautical landscape that had really dominated the procurement efforts for the previous decade as you might expect with such a radical departure from the previous status quo the program itself didn't amount to much except setting standards initially the great depression still loomed over everything but various planes were drawn up and some of these had some really cool designs i mean get a load of this you had the berliner joyce f3j the grumman f2f the curtis f11c and of course the curtis f14c the douglas fd as well as the boeing f6b and the boeing f7b1 and the wart f3u now looking at this list do you see anything special no we are starting to see the first mono points now these drew skepticism at first but they became accepted as years went by nevertheless the victors itself was the grumman f2f1 based on the ff1 using nearly the exactly the same features like the retractable landing gear a metal fuselage construction and an enclosed canopy and that might sound basic but when the ff1 came out those were a novelty a revolution really but three years later down the line they were already being considered a necessity but the f2f had won because it was a good plane but because it was the best plane out of a bad bunch and the us navy was was not a happy bunny here we start to see the basic problem of the time a rapid change in aircraft designs technical specifications and requirements since the ff1 only three years had passed yet all these newer designs even with stronger engines they lacked the performance and the combat capabilities that were required the biplane had reached the end of the line although no one told britain [Music] turning then to the brewster buffalo the year is 1945. the bureau of aeronautics asked grumman to estimate the characteristics of a monoplane version of the f2f in the new 1945 fighter competition the bureau of aeronautics required a maximum speed of 250 miles per hour and a store speed of 65 miles per hour on an aircraft weighing no more than 5000 pounds optimum dimensions were a 30 feet span and 22 feet in height folding wings were rejected as undesirable then proposed the new f4 f1 yes this is the later wildcat but as a biplane and this was lazy by grumman they could have done better but they didn't they doubled down on the wrong horse here the f4 f1 was no better than the f3 f1 although actually for grammar this ended up being a blessing in disguise brewster had seen the signs of the time and with their sba won they had catapulted themselves into this uncharted territory of unlimited possibilities offered by the monoplane and they took the sba one they just revised it slightly and out comes the f2a buffalo the f2a was a modern approach to a fighter aircraft it was an all-metal flush riveted stressed aluminium aircraft it had a hydraulically operated landing gear a partially retractable tail wheel a streamlined canopy and a rester hook this was serious stuff and in no way standard at the time as a basic design the buffalo fit these requirements beautifully but it was also these requirements that limited it in the end first off the bureau of aeronautics didn't want folding wings so instead it limited the wingspan so that these planes could actually fit the carriers the maximum weight of 5000 pounds was another issue limiting engine choice because engines although also more powerful got heavier and heavier eventually the r 1820 installed brewster was also requested to enlarge and reposition the canopy and that added some added conditional weight and the span also had to be length by three feet to improve the handling again adding weight to the design and honestly the people at brewster must have been rather annoyed by the design requirements that were kept very stringently by the bureau of aeronautics all in all the maximum loaded weight of the aircraft rose steadily during development and also later on during the deployments depending on the type and variant of buffalo we look at here i mean initially we're sitting at around 4 700 pounds which is below the official requirement of 5000 although we very soon brush that figure as well and then we go beyond it to six thousand pounds and then later on we're getting very close to seven thousand pounds with some of these buffer laws and between 1945 and 1941 then it seems that the plane's loaded weight increased by about 75 maximum loaded weight increased by 75 but there was no corresponding increase in the power plant of course that is not to say that the plane just started to drop out of the sky in fact during a time when the performance of strike aircraft and fighters were still neck onto neck the buffalo initially proved to the navy that fighters had a future in fact that fighters were necessary they just had to be model planes and properly designed brewster brewster did a lot of work to keep the buffalo competitive i mean this is just fascinating the stuff they did the initial design we were talking about a top speed of about 270 miles per hour which was good when the plane came out not as good as the year went by so the buffalo got some really special treatment it was sent down to langley for a proper wind tunnel study the casual eye the fighter with retractable gear appeared aerodynamically clean but the wind tunnel evaluations pinpointed many aspects that created drag the accumulated drug hampered the plane's performance by revamping these naka reported a 10 increase in speed such a performance improvement immediately caught the attention of other designers within the next two years no fewer than 18 military prototypes went through the cleanup treatment given to the xf-2a problems aside then the brewster buffalo had appeared to the scene as the most promising fighter aircraft the u.s navy had it had good performance as we said in the mid-1930s it proved to the navy that a fighter had a future indeed the fighter was a necessity i mean look at it again and tell me you don't love this aircraft now before i go into the combat record of the aircraft we can already see the basic problem of the buffalo manifesting itself in fact there were two problems the buffalo was a victim of its own success take the b80 bolo bomber or the tbd devastator i have a video on that right here as an example as an analog really these were aircraft who were amongst the first monoplanes modern military monoplanes they had new design characteristics new construction techniques applied to them and they were the ones that paved the way for those coming in for sloppy seconds and it turns out in the mid-1930s it was a terrible fate to be a pioneer it was a terrible fate to be the first one to come out with something because these technological leaps these technical leaps that are happening throughout this time period well any plane you designed is going to be out of date within two or three years down the line because of it take roman then they failed with the f4 f1 as i said earlier but in the following years the u.s navy relaxed their initially very limiting requirements and that was too late for brewster of course who had already designed their plate based on those requirements but it was good enough for grumman higher speed does demand that larger engines and larger aircraft whose wings would have to fall to enable them to fit on board carriers the bureau of aeronautics gained some performance by adopting a larger engine the r1830 and having grumman redesigned the f4 f1 as the monoplane f4 f2 and the f2 f2 became the wildcat and this is my bridge into the second problem the main problem with the brewster aircraft as a design were the initial requirements which were stringently kept and that meant that the initial modifications had already used up the design's reserve capacities every time you design a plane you don't design it just so that it works with the specs it is supposed to have now but so that it can also be upgraded in the future there's a certain bandwidth a breathing space that you are operating in and as you add new systems new radios a modified engine your weapons protection extra fuel and so on you start using up your reserve until the plane's basic design limits you so much that you are getting ever diminishing returns for what you're putting into it and you will reach a point where a completely new plane is the only answer the buffalo had no such breathing space having used it up during development and that is before we talk about issues such as lacking armor or self-sealing fuel tanks which reminder were not as standard in most nations until 1940 or even 1941. heck some u.s planes didn't even have it until mid-1942 so to sum this up if we talk about how the buffalo was becoming obsolescence then we really have to blame the requirements that have been set for it in 1945 but although the buffalo was on paper getting obsolescent if you compare to the best planes available throughout the period of let's say 1939 to 1941 so that's what the supermarine spitfire what else is there the message with me 109 even the wildcat or of course the japanese zero fighter i think it's unfair to judge it according to those standards of course one on one against those planes the buffalo is the obsolescent aircraft but in its service during the world war ii it never really ran into these fighters first of all some of these fighters were fighting on the same side but by and large the buffalo was fighting aircraft of its own generation or even more antiquated designs of course the buffalo also did rather well as an expert aircraft more so than many other air american airplanes throughout this time of pre-world war ii time and i tried to find a definite answer to this but i couldn't but i assumed that maybe it was simply a cheerful budget alternative for many countries that didn't really have their own industry in order to build something like a new modern monoplane and that the brewster buffalo was simply good enough for them to stock up their inventory with modern designs so that's probably one of the reasons of course this is also lucky for us because it allows us to look at the buffers service record in different countries that fought in different theaters and under different contexts eventually the aircraft was bought by finland belgium the netherlands and britain and these countries had widely different experiences with the aircraft the belgian order prompted brewster to actually develop the b339b buffalo a land-based fighter but only one ever reached belgium before the wermacht came knocking down the front door so i apologize to all the belgian compatriots your contribution to the buffalo's history is noted but i'll just ignore you here britain the us and the netherlands all use the aircraft in southeast asia and the pacific as against japan finland on the other hand they used it against the soviets of course before we go into the analysis we have to remember that the variants that these countries got were somewhat different for example let's look at the weight here and the power plants this time i'm going to be quoting the empty weight so that's before stuff like weapons or additional systems like radios were installed in 1940 the american f2a2 had an empty weight of 4150 pounds the belgian 339 b sat at 4 000 pounds and the british 359e at 4250 pounds the dodge 339d was at 4280 pounds the finished variant on the other hand set at 3750 pounds why this massive difference remember we're talking about empty weight here before any sort of weapons or other stuff is installed well one reason for example is the power plant the finnish aircraft had an engine that weighed about 1 100 pounds all the other nations had an operated version of the same engine which performed slightly better but also weighed a lot more and in fact the performance increase you were getting them would not offset the additional weight that the engine brought in so that plus some other stuff that were added to the aircraft resulted in heavier buffaloes in every country except finland this means that even with a fully loaded aircraft the finnish buffalos jumped around cheerfully close to the original max weight of the designs whereas the rest slogged an additional thousand pounds or more with no real improvement in the power plant and that does make a massive difference but i don't think it's the nail in the coffin for all buffalos except the finnish ones in fact let's go through the operational context starting in the north with our introverted fence in finland if you enjoy this content consider subscribing doing the liking bell notification or the youtube mumbo jumbo yes it is egotistical of me to say that because it benefits me it also benefits you why well the more you engage with my content the more you like the more you subscribe the harder you subscribe with that bell button the more you comment the more things you do engaging with my channel the more youtube realizes oh this person actually likes this content we should tell him more and that means that every time i upload a video which generally happens on thursdays on what i call mad military aviation history day they will tell you and now back to the video in 1949 the finns bought 44 model 239 buffaloes although coming with spare parts and engines these were somewhat stripped down variants with no instruments or even weapons installed which allowed the finns to engage in one of their favorite pastimes modifying foreign equipment they must have been really happy of course the soviet union invaded finland starting the winter war and discovered that snow can talk but the buffaloes also arrive too late for this conflict in june 1941 however germany of course invades the soviet union and finland joins in to reclaim that territory that they lost during the winter war and the soviet air force immediately launches a bomber offensive against finland against pre-planned targets and the finns immediately take the buffaloes they have and they throw them against the soviet sb bombers and they claim great success in fact of course these kill claims have to be taken with a pinch of salt but the finns claim as much as 10 of the incoming bombers of the first couple of weeks as shot down which even if we take off a couple of percentages in order to account for well maybe misclaims is still a very good ratio and is a ratio that is simply not sustainable for a bomber offensive that needs to keep going during this time then finland faced mainly three different aircraft models so with sb bombers variants of the older polycarp of ia15s and a more modern but generationally speaking equal polycarp of i-16 in the first year engagements with other models like migs lags or even soviet hurricanes occurred but they were incredibly rare for the finns by december 1941 the finnish pilots who flew the buffalo were credited with 135 kills to two losses by august 1942 it had risen to 227 victories for eight losses and it would end the war with 459 claimed kills to 15 losses again sold but even an aggressive reduction of the kill claims would provide a very positive tally for the buffalos why were the finnish pilots so successful well there's a number of reasons let's start out with the technical comparing aircraft is always more than just raw stats and numbers but i will have to take some shortcuts here in the interest of time of course the soviet sb bomber as a plane did neither exhibit a performance to be able to run away from the buffaloes nor was it able to defend itself due to the limited defensive firepower this artificially raised the kill count in some very famous actions as especially early on soviet bombers would be sent out without any sort of escorts the i-15 and the modern reincarnation with the jikas was a biplane and these weren't bad aircraft they were very maneuverable which made them harder to shoot down than an i-16 but they could not compete with well-flown buffaloes and of these planes the buffalo was the more modern and technically the more sophisticated aircraft by a small but significant margin even over the i-16 and in the end the buffalo provided enough of a performance edge to allow finnish pilots to pick and choose fights and to bug out if things went wrong which brings me to the next point training and morale it seems that finnish pilots exhibited exactly the sort of confidence that you would expect somebody who has a technical edge over an opponent to have and that has a direct influence also on their performance this contributed to very high morale a lot higher than in the soviet units whom often felt hapless against finnish pilots the pilots flying the buffalo were a small group and they quickly accumulated combat experience eventually soviet unions probably the number of sorties they flew becoming more defensive and sending out larger formations with escorts which due to the imbalance between pilot experience and morale and the technical reasons that i mentioned earlier only resulted in more concentrated losses leading to a further erosion of morale among soviet air units and then we still have to consider the overall context although the soviet union had a massive air force much of it was also destroyed when the germans invaded in 1941 within the first couple of weeks even days so as the war starts out the situation looks unfavorable for the finnish air force in the north but more and more those soviet air units that are stationed there are pulled down towards the south in order to stem the tide against the germans launching their assault of course also mainly directed against moscow and that is of course playing in the favor of the buffalo which is not just technically a better aircraft and the pilots are better led and have a higher morale and more experience but now they're also fighting in a numerical equal footing against the soviets which just exaggerates their advantage the primary concern for the soviet air force were the germans as such the finns were able to continue their success for quite some time until around mid-1943 when finnish buffalo pilots actually started to indicate that the introduction of new planes on their front but also a change in the mentality and skill of the soviet pilots who had become a lot more aggressive and enterprising started to reverse the fortune slightly and we can also see this reflected in the kill claims finnish buffaloes were awarded roughly 50 percent of all their kills within a year of a campaign which would last three full years so as we can see here although the plane of course plays a role the overall context seems to be a lot more influential on its success than the actual technical aspects that the plane offers which is why when i now jump over to southeast asia i can again explain why the buffalo's there did so poorly [Music] moving over to the far east end the situation that the british pilots or the american pilots in the area even were facing were not that different on paper to what the finns were facing the popular story of the inadequate booster buffalo is of course very much linked to what happens here in southeast asia in 1941 within the first couple of days and weeks of the japanese offensive there but mind you in the same area the american p-40s which were on paper a better plane than the buffaloes also performed rather poorly which gives us a first indication that maybe it's not all about the plane in fact talking about the planes let's look at the force disposition in december 1941. for the allies we have 60 operational buffalos in the riaf far east command roughly 50 operational buffaloes were with the dutch alongside a low number of older fighter aircraft models 70 operational p40s were with the americans the japanese of course had split into the navy and army forces the navy held around 115 a6m 0 fighters for this campaign on land bases and 35 older a5ms mainly for the defense of reserve the army however who brought the brunt of the advance into malaysia and faced the buffaloes had 165 ki-27s 59 ki-43s and 9 ki-44s so although numerically outclassed this does not make the campaign a foregone conclusion just like we have seen with the finns in fact the zero for example which was the most capable japanese fighter of the time acted mainly against american positions in the philippines and not against the raf the zero did not see combat in the malaya and burma campaigns the oscar was used but the bulk of the japanese fighter force comprised a relatively old kr27 this means that the brewster buffalo only faced ki-27s and kr43s as their fighter opposition and the kr27 well this was the backbone of the japanese army air service but it was also the most antiquated fighter in the area something the japanese actually started to realize themselves recently and the ki-43 well give and take it was on par with the buffalo well it was more maneuverable perhaps and it had a better climb but for example it had a worse dive as well it's always give and take and this aircraft wasn't available in that high numbers but it was also often confused with the zeros hence all those claims against both those fighting zeros so how come then that the buffalo did so much worse in the far east when on paper things really didn't look that bad well the reasons are once again not found with the aircraft but within the operational context [Music] first thing we have to recognize is that westerners didn't have a high opinion of the japanese knowledge of the potential of the japanese was next to nil american pilots when they even considered a matter assumed the aircraft to be infinitely superior to those of the japanese many had read and agreed with an infamous japanese aviation magazine article entitled japan's bush league air force it dedicated the japanese indicating that there were only fit to fly light aircraft and road of the industry as unimaginative copyists mind you some people still believe that today perception in britain were not all that different which also resulted in limited support being sent to the area although partially this was done for an understandable reason because of course britain was at war in europe and was trying to defend its home island so all the good equipment shall we say was reserved for that fear of fear of war but at the same time this sort of bias against the japanese also resulted in them not being taken all that serious britain had ordered 170 brewster 339 buffalo fighters had shown this aircraft to lack the high altitude performance deemed essential for the western european war zone the buffaloes were fought good enough to deal with anything the japanese might field the order was therefore delivered to singapore or burma when the vice chief of the naval staff advocated the dispatch of hurricanes to malaya his opposite number on the air staff insisted that buffalo's would be more than a match for japanese aircraft which were not of the latest types my joke he wasn't necessarily wrong i mean the backbone of the japanese army air service was the ki-27 which was an outdated design and until recently for the navy it had been the a5m which was also an older design so they're not entirely wrong here but at the same time a lot of reports that were written by westerners in china that indicated that japanese air services were to be taken serious and some of the stuff came for example via clear chino as it was bundled up and as it also included additional information on this new zero fighter well as it was pushed up the chain of command somewhere along the line it just didn't seem to be taken all that serious as late as the 15th of october a raf air vice marshal which state at a press conference japan's best fighter is the navy o it is on par with our buffalo certainly much much faster well it wasn't on par it was infinitely better but again zero and buffalo engagements happened rarely if they even ever happened usually all those claims come out of confusions with the ki-43 so to sum this up then yeah intelligence reports often denignated the japanese as well as their equipment and with that comes a false sense of security and a negligence resulting in one of the worst cocktails of all overconfidence paired with arrogance and when the hammer comes down well then the whole cows of court collapses as carelessness made way for surprise shock and ultimately operational paralysis mind you that doesn't mean that this area was ignored and that the people were just sitting in the colonies idly fiddling their thumbs but even there in their preparations we're starting to see a contributing factor as to why the buffalo did so poorly [Music] take britain's position in malaya they weren't stupid they knew japan was looking over the fence but the war in europe made britain reserve the most powerful models for the fighting there that's understandable but there was also a lot of lingering complacency inter-service rivalry but also civilian obstruction in the colonies that prevented britain from getting ready i can't go into all of that now but if you want to know more check out this book by peter dye but let's then talk about war preparations for the commonwealth in early 1941 the arriving buffaloes formed the nucleus of two new reformed squadrons commanded by battle of britain veterans but with a majority of pilots who had no combat experience in fact many of them had barely any experience in flying monoplanes or had experienced the joys and tribulations of a retractable undercarriage before left with no other option the brits dressed to impress and they started to dance in a gamble of deterrence that ultimately did not pay off the raf's order of battle was flattened by reducing the size of the reserve and increasing the number of frontline squadrons placing additional aircraft with the squadrons stretched the available resources and ensured that units rapidly became ineffective as losses mounted the raf knew that the front line in malaya was a shop window designed to impress and on top of that for the allies as a whole the air units in the area were woefully underequipped they were badly organized their airfields lacked basic aa defenses some of them had as little as a single lewis gun and they had no radar or more analog forms of early warning they had little fuel restricted access to ammo meaning little gunnery training no protected shelters for their aircraft no dispersal options and no heavy machinery to improve the strips and these things were recognized but they could never be addressed and yes while it was not the most immediate area of concern still british and american pilots struggled to secure flight hours training gunnery training dispersal options adequate airstrips aia defenses spare parts new aircraft or let's say more aircraft that could be placed in the operational reserve and these problems that just continue until war commenced in southeast asia in 1941 and at the same time you have britain offering the soviet union 200 hurricanes and 200 landless p-40s while of course there were requests in the area in the far east command for having exactly these planes the hurricanes sent to them instead of what they have there they even had a request for a single long-range hurricane to be sent down to the far east but of course sending a single plane the logistical nightmare involved in that doesn't really make sense but just to make this clear again even if they had hurricanes even if they had had p-40s even if they had had spitfires i don't think that would have mattered because that was not the problem what really had to happen is that you had to improve and strengthen the existing infrastructure you had to fix the logistical nightmare that the area was you had to have a change in mentality and you had to overcome quite frankly local hesitance and obstruction in trying to get the theater ready for war the situation would not have been different had a different planeman's end in fact it could have been worse so to summarize allied pilots knew a little of the japanese planes and did not consider them a threat allied air units lacked training and experience operational depth was lacking and spare parts reserves and everything else required to conduct a high-intensity defensive campaign were also lacking this problem existed for the brits and this problem existed also for the americans in the philippines and their respective air units collapsed within days or weeks depending on how we want to look at it and it doesn't really doesn't really matter what they were flying the americans were flying p-40s a much better plane so sending hurricanes and spitfires wouldn't have changed anything it just wouldn't have because ultimately the deciding factor in the air is the pilot and not the plane and quite frankly to put a modern spin on it the allies did not get outperformed in the air in fact they got underperformed in the air on a pure performance basis when we look at these aircraft but they played themselves and then they got outplayed and nowadays in the search of an easy answer in the search of a culprit a scapegoat an explanation of what happened how could this have happened we started to blame the equipment but the problems were worse than that on a pure equipment basis the buffalo in 1941 in the far east it really wasn't that bad it was one of the better planes in the area of course we can make this a discussion about the planes in a vacuum fair enough you know it won't matter but take the kr27s this was the backbone of the japanese advance into malaya and burma it was slower than the buffalo worst dive than the buffalo weaker armament in the buffalo but none of these stats matters because the problem really runs deeper than that it were the systemic failures leading up to december 1941 that doomed allied air in the far east and that doomed the colony so to say to fall to the japanese it was a lack of experience it was a lack of reserves it was a lack of infrastructure that doomed it not the single plane they they used the plane would have been fined for the first months of the war had everything else been prepared and honestly the tactical dogfights that are waged on a unit level they really rarely if ever decide the outcome of an air campaign what decided the air campaign in the far east was the successful japanese counter-air campaign which really was effective and the buffalo you know it's understandable why it got its reputation but it's not at fault [Music] as i was researching this episode i realized really that a single video won't be enough to adequately explain all of this because while i believe that the video has given you a good overview of how the buffalo came about what its achievements really were and why it performed differently in finland and in the far east as i was researching it really i noticed that what i want to do is make a video about that successful japanese counter air campaign that i mentioned because really it is in many ways a textbook example day by day just blows sort of the as weeks go by you can really tell that one side has prepared for this battle a lot better but it is also the aims of these services that are being used the japanese army air service in particular here during that initial offensive in to the british british colonies and of course the naval air service into the american colonies and the philippines they really showed that they have understood the nature of the theater a lot better than the americans and the brits and all the other allies that were in the area so that is a video i will make in the future it's so interesting i have already so many notes on it and knowing my tracker record it will probably come out in what like 20 25 hopefully yeah i'm gonna have to trademark that and as i work with that video let me introduce you to today's sponsor skillshare now i personally started using skillshare in 2018 having followed another youtuber's referral link to sign up to the platform and as you can see i've used it quite extensively and yeah i've been really happy with my experience so far in fact it is where i started learning how to animate things like this in today's video or animations you saw in previous videos i followed a course by jake bartlett called animating with ease in after effects he had a first part and then a second part which was an elongated version with a lot more information in it and that's how i taught myself how to animate and make bring these animations to the channel and what i really liked about skillshare is that all the classes i watched there they were to the point and focused and they took you through the process step by step and really with each video segment building on top of the last one and that really is refreshing and a really nice way to learn a program for example like after effects because yes of course you might find tutorial on youtube but you'll have distracting ads and michelin age information that you don't require as well as two minute long intros for 30 second solutions that really don't help you in the end so if you want to learn a new skill i can hardly recommend skillshare check out the link in the description below and the first 1 000 people i would be very impressed if we reach that number but the first 1 000 people who sign up via that link get a one month free trial so sign up with the link down below learn something new just like i did and at this point thank you very much for watching i hope you enjoyed the video tell me what you thought about this episode on the brewster buffalo has your opinion about the aircraft changed have you learned something new do you want to add anything to the discussion i would be very happy to see all your feedback down below and your opinions on this aircraft and as always i wish all of you a great day and see you in the sky

Channel: Military Aviation History

Views: 394,017

Keywords: Brewster, Buffalo, WW2, Finland, Singapore, Skillshare, Far East, RAF, RAAF, USN

Id: dOLIVGvv6yY

Length: 41min 27sec (2487 seconds)

Published: Thu Aug 12 2021