I Didn't Know Where CHORDS Came From Until I Knew THIS

hey Up Guys in this lesson I'm going to talk to you about harmonizing a major scale and turning it into Triads or if you want to call them cards just between you and me we'll call them chords what I'm going to do is I'm going to get into some of the technical aspects if you are studying for your own pleasure or for academic usage then you will hopefully find this lesson useful if you do give us a subscribe and all that good stuff here's what we're gonna do we're gonna look at the ingredients that we need to make these cards and the ingredients that we use are scales scales are great for a couple of things because scales are not just used for Melodies you might think that's what it's for creating the tune but it isn't just for that the scales we can think of those as ingredients and that's the way I see these guys the ingredients for pitch Are chords scales and arpeggios and they are all linked to each other let's start with the ingredients from the c major scale I use the c major scale because it has no sharps or flats and when we have no sharps or flats it's a little bit easier for you to think about how this works so these are the ingredients but how do we mix these ingredients up to make chords I'm glad you asked we're gonna number these this is the root note or the first note root second third fourth fifth sixth seventh and then we get the octave and you may have noticed that's the starting note and that's the end note and what we've got is a repeat there so relay we don't have eight notes we have seven notes that are ingredients this is just a repeat of the first note the way it works with making Triads we do something called tertian movement and that means basically moving up in threes and the easiest way to see is for me to show you how we make a C major chord this is the root note and what we do is we play a game of LeapFrog we jump over this D note and then what we do is we collect this ingredient here you imagine it's a game this is you here you jump over you've collected the third and then you jump over and you have another item that you need to collect and that is the fifth if we take this bit here we've got the root the third and the fifth this forms what's known as a Triad Triceratops triangle tertion three so it's all about three but what I have to do is use each of these ingredients as a starting point to jump over and create a new trade if I do it like this c e g and I can do the same thing here D jump over to get an f and then jump over again to get an A let's move on here e jump over get a g we've collected that one jump over and pick up this B at the end there okay let's go from the F jump over again get the a jump over again let's get the C let's go from G to the B and we haven't got it on here so this is a little bit sketchy you start to see that where you can lose track but I'm going to give you a tool to be able to not lose track in a minute but it goes b c d there then we get e then we get C and then we get e by jumping over and then the last ingredient is a b jump over we'll get a d and we get an F now this is a cool way for us to understand those Triads if I just put these in a table then what you'll find is this is the easiest way for you to see these if I just bang them in there like that and then I'm going to label them now this column here these are all the root notes for these Triads and this is going to be the third this is where we picked up all those thirds and this column here is going to be the fifth the thing to note is that we have two types of thirds this is a string and these are Frets if we go up two steps like that this is a major third that's a distance of a major third if you think about major and minor think of them as two sides of the same coin they're a yin and yang deal wherever there is a major there is always going to be a minus minor is a lesser deal minor means less essentially so if you imagine you had a major leak in the roof of your house then that would be a big deal but if you had a minor leak in your house which means we're going to get this minor third here then we are going to be able to cope with that a lot better than if we had a major leak in our house the way we get a minor third is just by going back one fret so you can see here I had a step and a step now what I've got is I've got step and a half step so one and a half if I put that in there that's a minor third that's a major third so we've got two types of thirds and that's important because what happens here is the distance between these changes if you haven't got room to draw this graph on your shirt sleeve or back your hand then you might want to use this thing that I call the cycle of thirds I think it's really important you can transpose it to all your are the keys by adding Sharps and flats let me just say that again in case somebody writes in the comments what do you do with this cycle 13 other Keys what you do is if it's in the key of G you add an F sharp to the cycle that's all you do so here is the mnemonic that I use for this every good band deserves fans and cash so what you can see here is that this little mnemonic is going to help you to remember all these notes instead of building this awkward skyscraper of a graph here then what you get is c e g if you look here c e g I can find the root third and fifth just by cycling around now I used every good band deserves fans and cash because that's the way I remembered it but it's completely up to you you don't even have to start on the E if you want to make your own mnemonic for it the thing about mnemonics is they are crutches you use them until you just know exactly what it is that you are meant to be retaining information wise but remember that just goes every good band deserves fans and cash there's a reason this is useful because this is how you remember the notes on your musical Stave look every good band deserves fans and cash we can use this as an awesome little tool to help us but here's the thing that I want to assure you because at the end of this there is something that I want you to memorize and you need to memorize it just like you need to memorize your major scale formula because it's super important this is something that you just need to memorize I'm going to explain it to you in the key of C major this is the first chord this is the second chord third chord fourth chord fifth chord sixth chord seventh chord but these numbers here don't tell me whether that chord has a major third or a minor third and that's really important because that's going to tell us whether a chord is major or minor what we do is we change these Arabic numbers into Roman numerals this is a Roman numeral number one and you can tell it's a Roman numeral number one because it's got this top line on it here and this bottom line on it here serifs and this means major anytime you see that uppercase version of a Roman numeral it means major however if it is in lower case which means it's just got the dot on it it means it's minor it means it's less and in fact when I spell major I use a capital M when I spell minor I use a lowercase M I'm going to take this information here I'm going to show you how this works in building Triads I did a video on Triads actually and if you want to see that I'll put it up in the end of the video there'll be a link to that so I'm going to build this first chord c e and G if we look at the distance between this C and this e we can figure out that the distance between c and e is two whole steps which gives us a major third I'm going to introduce some shorthand symbols now as well so there's a lot going on here but this is like a massive overview you get this in your head you will understand key so we have a triangle symbol which means major it's a shorthand so instead of writing the word major three major six all that out I just write major like that as a triangle I'm going to use this minus symbol here to dinner that I am thinking in major and minor intervals this is going to become super important when we look at the distance between these in the cycle of thirds so look I can put this major and the minor in this cycle of thirds so between the C and the E I could put this major symbol just there to help me in between the e to the G that's minor I'm going to fill these in so that you don't have to think about it too much while I'm demonstrating but you will have to do this after in your homework G to B is Major B to D is minor D to F is minor f2a is Major a to c is minor so if we refer to this then we can figure out what's going on with the these Triads so C to e we figured that out now this is the root this is the third this is the fifth I'll put that there just so you can see that we're putting that table there on its side and we're spreading it out this way root third and fifth so the distance between the C to the e is a major third that means the chord is going to be major as long as this fifth is a good fifth which it is interesting to note when we get a major Triad going from the third to the fifth is always going to be a minor it's really weird how they flip over like that it's one of the beautiful things about music and this symmetry that it has but because we've got this major third here we can confidently put that one there in Roman numeral format and then say to ourselves is it major or is it minor which version of this am I going to use because this is called extended Roman numerals we take these extended Roman numerals I know that's major because it's got a major third we're going to put that Roman numeral there like that so let's move on to the next note the next ingredient we had here was DFA let's look d f a let's put those there d f a that's the root that's the third and that's the fifth the distance between the D and the F if we look at our cycle of thirds here we can see D to F we get that minor that's cool we can work it out on our guitar as well on the fretboard if we want to as well the F to an a we can figure that out look F to an a that's a major and here is the cool thing again notice the third that we have now is a minor third which means this chord is D minor and then I would go up here and I would alter these accordingly so I know by taking that c there that's major I don't have to do anything to it I'm looking at the D there and I have to add that minor to it that means I get a D minor chord I'll write them all out underneath it as well but notice how we get this flipping of the third so in a minor chord in between the third and the fifth we get a meter third it's pretty awesome now because this is a minor chord we're going to use a my China version of the Roman numeral which means we write a number two and we just put two dots on it to show that it's lowercase let's take this one e I'm just coming along one ingredient at a time you can see that we get e g and B let's put those in e g b so if we go up there and up there with those brackets e to G let's have a little nosy on our cycle of thirds e to G is a minor let's put that in there can you guess what's going to happen here between the G and the B let's have a look G to B that's a major third so the third in this E chord here is a minor that means it's going to be an E minor chord let's add that up here we've got that E minor chord because it's a minor chord that is how we spell it in Roman numerals wonderful so we've got the first three chords done let's do the next one F just follow along guys f a c those are my root third and fifth root third fifth going up stacking them as they get higher in Pitch brackets on there F to an a let's look at our cycle of thirds it's going to help us F to an E is major wonderful can we guess what's going to happen here a to a c is minor that means we've got a major third there this means this is going to be a major chord the root note is f and it's going to be an F major do we need to put anything on that nope nothing there at all the Roman numeral I would use is a four but because it's major I'm going to put those serifs on there like that this is how we get this extended Roman numeral stuff when you see the Roman numerals that are sometimes spelled like this one two three four five six seven this is basic Roman numerals and what they don't tell you is whether they are major or minor when we use this uppercase lowercase it tells us if it's major or minor useful to know so we get a g let's look gbd good band deserves so I just remember in my mnemonic there let's look at the distance between the G and the B and the D the distance between the G and the B is a major third let's bang that in there let's look at the distance between the B and the D it tells you look major minor this has got a major third the root note is G so it's going to be a G major chord do we need to add anything to this no we don't but because it's a major chord if I put my Roman numeral five there I have to make sure it's spelled in the major uppercase spelling or serifs on top next note that we have a let's do this one a c e a c e in that cycle of thirds there just to help you AC there and then that e there okay a to c that's a minor C to e that's a major because it's this pattern that happens just happens in your major chords and your minor chords they flip around we can see that we've got a minor third with a root note a so we're going to call it a minor let's amend that by putting a little M next to that a there and we can see that tells us what chord we're gonna get because it's minor let's look at the Roman numeral spelling we've got a five and a one there because that's five six and it's minor so we put the dot on it just to show you that it is lowercase wonderful now here is the tricky sucker this one is the odd one out of the family this is what we need to get into our heads as well this is a strange chord b d f you see there BDF look at what happens here B to a d is a minor third and D to an F is also a minor third so this introduces is another rule another thing that we have to remember the way I think of it is because that is a minor third I'm still going to use a minor version of the spelling here but because we've got two of these miners then we have a problem this distance between the B and the F isn't what's known as a perfect fifth the one two three four five and six chords they all have perfect fifths which makes them sound really stable but this chord doesn't sound stable because it has a flattened fifth it's a fifth that is lowered one fret we can also call this the diminished fifth we take the perfect fifth and we diminish it and when we diminish it we make it less if you think about it if you didn't eat for a week hopefully your torso would be diminished if you ate double the food all week you'd get the opposite of diminished which would be augmented you would be made bigger so this is a flat five or a diminished Fifth and because it's diminished that means we need this symbol here this little shorthand that is going to tell us that this chord is diminished and to show you that I put that on there take a breath and take that in because we've just worked out from from our ingredients how to make these Triads how these nuts all stack up but the cool thing is hopefully now you can see that these three chords are major so we have three major chords we can put this in an order like this major this is what you have to memorize major major we also have three minor chords and then we get the diminished chord right at the end apply these Roman numerals to them when we do it like this it applies to any key not just the key of C major if you swap these out and you put your sharps in or your Flats in the alphabet letters will change but this structure will not do because this structure is linked to the major scale four five six chord seven the reason you need to memorize it is because chords one four and five your Majors those are known as your primary Triads excellent we need to know that they're your primary Triads because those are the most important ones because this is where we derive our most important movement from cot chord and that's something called cadences let's look at this minor from chord two chord three chord six these are called guess what the secondary Triads and then right at the end there we get the leading note card which is this diminished wobbly Bob I call him I've shown you how we get the chords from the ingredients here major minor minor major major minor diminished say that when you fill in the car up with petrol or doing something mundane your major minor minor major major minor diminished it becomes easier if you remember that one four five are your primary Triads two three and six are your secondary Triads and your diminished is Chord seven the reason this is important is because once you understand this then I can show you how you can put this onto your guitar fretboard by using something that I call the L7 grid and if you want to learn that then watch this video just here thank you [Music]

Channel: Ricky Comiskey

Views: 1,077,807

Keywords: triads, music theory, scales, chords, keys music theory

Id: 2hs-9tsRmW8

Length: 17min 53sec (1073 seconds)

Published: Sat Aug 19 2023