Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video I'm
going to teach you about something we use a lot in conversation, and that is the words:
"So" and "Neither". So, how do we use these in conversation? Well, I want you to think about a conversation
you've recently had with somebody. A lot of the times when we talk to people,
we want to contribute something to the conversation and we want to show that we agree with someone. Okay? So, for example, maybe I'm talking about pizza. "I like pizza." If you want to tell me that you agree with
me, you can use the word: "So do I." Okay? So, you can use this expression; it starts
with "So", then we have a verb, a helping verb, and then we have the person; in this
case, it's "I". Okay, so: "So do I." Let me ask you another question. Well, not a question. Let me say something that I believe. "I really like music." Do you like music, too? If you do, when I say: "I like music", you
can say: "So do I" because you agree with me; you like music, too. Okay? Now... So, that's when we use "So", and we'll have
a lot more examples in a moment. Let's just talk a little bit about "Neither"
for a moment. We use "Neither" when we're talking about
something negative, so something that has the word "not" in it or... You know, for example: "I do not like pizza. I don't like pizza." If I say something like this in a conversation,
you can agree with me, and you can say: "Neither do I". "I don't like pizza." You say: "Neither do I", if you agree with
me. So, let's do some examples together. "I speak English." If you wanted to add to the conversation and
show you agree and you have the same experience, you can say: "So", then we can add: "do",
and then you can say: "I". Okay, let me think about something else. "I don't speak Klingon." This is a language from Star Trek. "I don't speak Klingon." If you wanted to add to this conversation,
you can say-so, we have here it's a negative; it has the word "not"-"Neither do I." So, we use "So" and "Neither" when we want
to show agreement with what somebody's saying in a conversation. So, let's look at some more examples of that. So, so far we've talked about: "So do I" and
"Neither do I". Okay? To show agreement with what somebody's saying. What about if we want to talk about somebody
else? Well, we have "So" here, but we can actually
change the pronoun we use when we're talking about someone else. So, if you're talking to somebody, you can
say: "So do you." Or maybe, you know, I say: "I love traveling." And maybe you have a sister who loves traveling,
you can say about your sister: "So does she." Okay? We can also do, if there's you and somebody
else, you can use the pronoun "we"; or if you're talking about a group of other people,
you can use the pronoun "they". So, before I had "I", but you can actually
use any of these or you can use somebody's name. For example: Drake. Okay? So: "I live in Toronto. So does Drake." We both live in Toronto. I never see Drake, but we both live in Toronto,
so I can say: "I live in Toronto, and so does Drake." Now, did you notice I did something different
with the verb? Okay? The verb has to be in agreement with the pronoun. So, when we use "you", this goes into "do":
"I do", "you do". For "he" and "she", the verb, in this case
we call this a helping verb - the helping verb goes into "does": "she does", "he does",
so we invert it. "So does he.", "So does she.", "So do we.",
"So do they." Drake is "he", so we would put: "So does Drake." The point is: It needs to match. The pronoun and the verb need to match. Okay? What about "Neither"? Well, it's the same. Okay? "I don't live in Australia. Neither does Drake.", "neither do you", "neither
does he", "neither does she", "neither do we", "neither do they". Okay? So, it's important that the verb matches the
pronoun. But notice that "So" and "Neither" are at
the very beginning of the sentence. So, they always have the same place. Okay, so let's look at some other examples
of ways we can use "So" and "Neither" in conversation. Okay, so we talked about that for the majority
of verbs you hear, when somebody's saying in conversation: "I like", "I don't like",
"I hate", "I love", "I play sports" - if you agree, you usually use the word "do": "So
do I", "Neither do I". Okay? But there are times where we don't use the
word "do", and we'll use a different helping verb or auxiliary. Okay? So, I'm going to give some examples of when
we would use a different helping verb. If I tell you: "I can play the piano", "can"
is considered a helping verb because it helps the word "play". Okay? Or we can call it an auxiliary; they mean
the same thing. But notice there's two verbs: "I can play",
so "can" is helping the word "play". So, if I want to use... If I want to show agreement: "I also play
the piano", then I need to use the same helping verb. -"I can play the piano." -"So can I." So, you don't need to use the verb "play". Okay? You just need to use the helping verb. Usually we use "do", but if you see a helping
verb... If somebody uses a helping verb, you use the
same helping verb. So, that might sound confusing, but if you
look at some examples it will become clearer in a moment. Let's think about something else you can do. "I can snap my fingers." If you can snap your fingers, what can you
say to the conversation? You can add: "So can I." Okay? "I can play basketball." What can you say, if you want to add to the
conversation? You can say: "So can I." So, we use "can" a lot with "So". We can also use it with "Neither". For example: "I can't whistle." You know whistling, like: "[Whistles]". I'm terrible at whistling. "I can't whistle", so what you can say is,
if you can't, you can agree with me and you can say: "Neither can I". "I can't scuba dive." If you can't scuba dive, you can say: "Neither
can I." So, those are when we use the word "can". What are some other helping verbs you might
see? Well, if we're using the present perfect,
you might see "have": "have traveled". So, "traveled" is the verb, but we have the
helping verb, which is "have". "I have eaten a sandwich.", "I have watched
many movies." So, this is the present perfect. "I have traveled to France." If you have also traveled to France and you
want to say this, you can say: "So have I." So, the verb here is the same as the helping
verb here. -"I have eaten spaghetti." -"So have I." And it goes with the negative, too. "I have never been to Antarctica." You can say: "Neither have I." Okay? If we're talking about the past, the past
tense, we also need to change the verb. So, before we talked a lot about "do". If we're talking about the past, we need to
change the verb to "did". So, for example: "Yesterday I washed my hair." If you did the same thing, you can say: "So
did I." Okay? "I ate a sandwich yesterday." If you ate a sandwich, you can say: "So did
I." We can... You also do the same thing when we have the
verb: "is" or "are", and "isn't". So, for example, in this case: "John isn't
happy." Maybe I want to talk about my friend Mark
who also isn't happy, I can say: "Neither is Mark." You know: -"Sammy is happy." -"So is Peter." So, the main thing here is you want to match
this or the auxiliary in your response; it always has to match. Okay. So, we've covered a lot today; we've covered:
"So", "So do I", and "Neither" or "Neither do I". What I would invite you and recommend that
you do is come check out our website at www.engvid.com, and there you can actually take a quiz to
practice a lot of the grammar concepts you've learned today. You can also check out my YouTube channel
where you'll find a lot more resources on pronunciation, grammar, writing, vocabulary,
and all sorts of other things. So, thank you for watching. I've really enjoyed this experience, and I
hope you can say: "So did I." So, until next time, take care.
