How to Study for Exams - Spaced Repetition | Evidence-based revision tips

hey guys welcome back to the channel if you're new here my name is Ali I'm a final year medical student at Cambridge University and this is the second in our video about evidence-based revision tips and today we're going to be talking about spaced repetition and how you can apply to your own study routine if you haven't seen the previous video which will be linked up there and here and everywhere else please do watch that first that is about active recall and active recall is by far the most important thing you can be doing right now to make your studying much more efficient this video is gonna be about spaced repetition which is probably the second most important thing you could be doing I've put timestamps to everything we're going to talk about in the description below along with a load of links so you can follow those as you like and now here's the structure of the video because everyone loves a well structured video firstly we're gonna introduce this concept of spaced repetition and I'll be sharing with you a little bit of the evidence behind it we're not gonna go overboard on the evidence because to be honest a lot of the stuff around spaced repetition is quite intuitive secondly I'm gonna be giving you some tips as to how you can incorporate spaced repetition into your study techniques and into your life generally and thirdly I'm gonna be talking to you about my own personal magical spaced repetition spreadsheet system that I've been using for the past few years and that when I was using like properly and got me really really good marks in my Cambridge exams so yeah that's the structure the video feel free to jump around with the timestamps let's start by talking about spaced repetition and the evidence behind it what is spaced repetition spaced repetition is as the name suggests where you spaced your repetition of particular subjects over a period of time it is in contrast to cramming which is a very popular revision strategy but as we all probably intuitively know when you cram for a test the next day you can probably remember quite a lot of it because it's like in your short-term memory but by you know maybe the next day or the following day you've completely forgotten all of it so cramming is sort of not ideal if we're talking about retaining stuff in a long-term memory the idea behind spaced repetition is that instead of cramming things into a single day we spread out our vision over time and we review topics ideally by active recall at particular intervals basically the reason why it works is because of something called the forgetting curve and that's something that's been around in the psychology literature since the 1800s and that's something that we can all probably intuitively experience for ourselves you've probably had that feeling whereby you know you revise a fit something and then you look at it a week later and it's like you've just forgotten all of it like what was the point of arising that and you have to repeat it repeat repeat again that's the forgetting curve in action it's the idea that over time we forget things at an exponential rate sort of like you know radioactive decay and half-life if you if you're into a-level physics or chemistry the important thing about the forgetting curve and how we can take advantage of it is that every time we interrupt forgetting curve it then takes longer for us to forget something so let's say today I studied the anatomy of the upper limb and then I reviewed it again tomorrow I have interrupted the forgetting curve so while previously I might have forgotten a half of it by tomorrow now I'm only going to forget 25% of it by the following day and if I then review it again three days later and go back to a hundred percent now it's gonna take me even longer to forget it and the idea is that the more times we do this the more spaced out our repetition becomes the more likely we are to encode all of this information into a long-term memory so now we're never going to forget that the radial nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm because we've repeated it so many times over such a spaced interval that the forgetting curve no longer applies to that piece of uh knowledge or understanding so yeah that's no particular on breaking a lot of us already do this anyway we know that we won't just remember something if we study at once so we kind of make a revision timetable and we think right I'm gonna revise topic one in chemistry a s on that day and then I'll revise again a week later and then a week later that's not / - you can't reverse shell obviously spacing your repetition is better than cramming the thing that I personally take home from the forgetting curve is is actually that you know the intervals at which we space things apart there is a phenomenon in the Sequoia ecology psychology literature I'll link some studies below but I won't bother explaining it in depth basically it's it's the idea that the harder your brain has to work to retrieve something from it the more stronger that information gets encoded so the idea behind spaced repetition is that you allow your brain to forget some of the information such that when you revise it again it's not mindless repetition it's actually taking you some brain power and the more brain power it takes the more we've forgotten the harder your brain has to work at and therefore the more strongly that information gets encoded why this is relevant to our own studies it's relevant because it means that we have this kind of idea of starting off spacing things at like a narrow interval and then spreading the interval out over time so like I said in my example and ask me the upper limb let's do it today let's do it tomorrow three days later a week later and then a month later we've repeated at five times we've spaced these repetition sessions we've allowed ourselves to forget a little bit of the information in between the intervals such that when we revise the topic ideally with active recall rather than just rereading it takes brain power to recall this information therefore by the end of it we have retain so much more than if we'd spent five times you know as much time on the first stages trying to cram the anatomy of the upper limb so that's one point about spaced repetition I think a more interesting point that I've been using a lot in my own study is that actually the evidence suggests that even if even if in the same study session like in the same day of work you space stuff out rather than kind of do it in chunks the evidence suggests that that's probably a more efficient technique in terms of retaining information there's an interesting study from 2011 where they got four groups of students to try and learn words and the translations in Swahili one group of them only studied the words once and these were their results and as you can see they didn't do very well that's kind of what you'd expect if you saw like a vocab list of French words and image translations you probably wouldn't remember much of it if you just saw it once the second group saw each word once and then had to recall each word once and then were tested and this is their performance so as you can see no just recalling a word once as we've already established in the previous video active recall is pretty great increases your performance massively compared to you know just studying it but the third group also recalled the words that they they knew but immediately after each recalled they had the recall of the same word so they record the same words kind of multiple times before moving on and these are their results so as you can see not much difference there between just the guys that recalled it once the most interesting ly the final group that saw each word and then recalled it but then had a gap of a few words before recalling it again so you know they they repeated their recall of it but they spaced their repeated recall of it in the same study session these are their results that these guys did exactly the same amount of work they did exactly the same thing they studied for the same amount of time as the people in group 3 the guys that kind of recalled in her in a group and then found another word and recall to integrate but they've got a staggering improvement in this score up to 80 percent it's exactly the same work like literally exactly the same work the only difference is that it was spaced out relative to group 3 and that gives you a difference of an extra 50% in exam performance and like I don't know about you but like if if I could restructure my revision in a way that I was doing the same thing as I've always done but just kind of doing it in a slightly different order and I could get such a massive performance boost I would be doing it all day and I'd be shouting it from the rooftops personally so what does this experiment actually tell us firstly I think it tells us about the power of active recall but hopefully we already knew that cuz we'd seen the previous video about active recall the conclusion I draw from this is that in a given day let's say I've done five topics of you know four praying for my or skis or whatever five topics what I previously would have done is I think what a lot of us do when it comes to revision is that we do one topic in the morning flows like two hours that we're done and then the next one and then in the third one the fourth on the fifth one and we were and we might use space repeated repetition to repeat it like a day later a week later a month later but the point is within that study session within that day we've kind of just done the topic once and I think the thing that I take from from this particular study and from similar ones like it is that there is a lot to be gained by just going over the stuff like testing yourself on it maybe like two hours later let's say you've done topic 1 in topic 2 just before starting topic 3 you know just ask yourself I wonder how much I can write down of what I remember from topic 1 or I wonder if I can answer the could the recall questions that I wrote for myself for topic 1 I know I'm gonna be doing it tomorrow anyway because you know part of my space repetition method and three days later and a week later but you know let me just see at the end of the day what I can recall and the results of this study and similar ones seem to suggest that if even doing that in the same day the same study session really boosts your marks so yeah that's pretty much spaced repetition in a nutshell firstly it's the idea that obviously you know spacing your repetition over a period of time is better than cramming that's uncontroversial it's no particular breaking but secondly it's this idea that even like spacing stuff out within the same day within the same study session has the potential to really really boost your marks and if it does have that potential even if it ends up not being a 50% improvement because to be honest that's it's pretty you know pretty amazing even if it ends up not being that great it still has the potential to improve our scores and it improves our long-term understanding and retention of the topic so I think it's something that maybe we should be practicing to do so practical advice maybe at the end of the day ask yourself whatever I learned today you know go over your quote your active recall questions like write down on one page you know what is everything I can remember in the form of a spider diagram from this subject with the book closed and I think that might be a really efficient way to get a lot more information into your brain in a shorter space of time so that's a quick introduction to spatial position let's not go into the meat of this video and that's what a lot of you guys have been requesting in the comments and that's tips on how to apply spaced repetition to your own studies and you know a lot of you are asking how I built my own spaced repetition spreadsheet that you might have seen in the observer video at this point I'm not gonna be citing any studies or any evidence what I'm saying this is purely my own opinion this is purely the stuff that's worked for me in my second and third year at university I really actively specifically applied active recall and spaced repetition and it was only those two years that I did it like really really well like really anally kind of just focusing my revision technique around that and those were the two years that I redid really really well in my Cambridge exams in other years I've cut I fell by the wayside a bit it was like off whatever I'm quite tempted to just kind of reread my textbook or highlight stuff because it's less cognitively demanding and like I still passed my exams I did all right but I didn't do amazingly and obviously my N equals one personal experience is not a legit scientific study so I think my advice to you guys would be that don't take my word for this as being gospel maybe try these techniques in your own in your own studies in your own life if they work for you then fantastic and if they don't work for you then you've just wasted 20 minutes watching a video I apologize that's time you're never gonna get back but yeah cool let's talk about specific techniques things that you can do to apply spaced repetition to your own studies and to your own life first thing to mention is flashcards and Anki is the app that I personally prefer to use and as I mentioned the previous video I've used this to memorize specific facts like stuff like in anatomy and pharmacology but also quotes for essays and I busted out like you know quotes from john paul ii in st. Augustine in my in my ethics essays and the examiners seem to love that sort of thing it's quite nice when you can like you know put a few fancy quotes into an essay and I use danke to memorize those I won't talk about it in depth I've talked about in the previous video it's just a flashcard app that does active recall and spaced repetition it kind of incorporates this into the software point number two isn't really a practical technique it's more of a mindset shift and it's something that I've applied to my own life ever since I discovered this power of spaced repetition and you can use it to to learn a lot of things in quite a small amount of time and overall and the technique is simply that all you have to do is practice a little bit each day for ages and then you just get really good at something and everyone who's done a musical instrument knows this they know that you know practicing for 10 minutes a day for a week it's far better than practicing an hour on the weekend or two hours on the weekend but the way our brain works the way we encode information it tends to be people say when we sleep so we kind of do a little better we get a bit of muscle memory and then when we sleep these connections get solidified and then we do it again we find a little bit better so my point is that once you appreciate the power of spaced repetition you can apply to everything in your life not just to to your studies or to your revision I've personally applied this to piano get graphic design web design video editing coding like quite a few different things in addition to like my academic work and I find it's really really useful because it makes the amount of improvement you get for every unit of time much greater than it would be with other methods where you kind of spend ages doing one thing or spend ages doing another thing and that's what I previously used to do so yeah point number two is is simply about you know appreciating the power of spaced repetition consistency and patience effectively doing a little bit each day and improving it's no particular and breaking I know everyone who's tried to learn a musical instrument probably knows this but I just thought I'd share it with you guys because I've had a lot of messages like YouTube comments and Instagram DMS people being like oh how do you do so much stuff what's your secret the secret is you know just a little bit each day and being consistent has a staggering potential to just let you let you gain so many skills that you would be so glad for in the long term and finally let's get to the meat of this let me talk to you about my magical spaced repetition spreadsheet system so I used this in second and third year did really well in my exams and I'm using it in my final year and I hope that I told you quite well in my exams using this method basically the way you do it is that you make a spreadsheet I prefer using Google sheets rather than Excel Google sheets is easy to load you can download the app on your phone that means anywhere you are whether you're like on the bus or on the toilet or in the library you can update your magical spreadsheet if it's a dot XLS file on your desktop and you double click here and it takes an agonising amount of time to load that just adds too much friction to this so I prefer to use Google sheets so that's my that's my advice use Google sheets for this so what do you actually do with a spreadsheet so what you do is is that you make a different sheet for each of your subjects so it might be biology chemistry physics maths English Lit if you're doing a level or it might be like anatomy biochemistry physiology pathology my prepare all other stuff if you're a medical student or you know apply this to your own life obviously and the idea is within each kind of broad subject in the a column of the spreadsheet you're writing down a list of every single topic in that in that subject now at this point I just want to talk about the importance of scoping your subject is how a friend put it to me recently and like like actually knowing what's on your syllabus I've spoken to a lot of students students over the past few years you know helping them prepare for their medicine exams and all of the stuff and it's pretty astounding how few students like know their course inside out like know what topics there are in their AAAS na to chemistry or know exactly what topics are I think that's that's one thing that if you haven't done already that you definitely should be doing like spend as long as it takes like even if it takes a whole day just like you know writing down a list of all of the different topics and like don't follow the specification the specification I absolutely hate specifications they're just like verbose ly word is like you know one point one point zero zero three to be able to appreciate the importance of the nitrogen cycle you know really the topic is just at the nitrogen cycle but I've seen that a lot of people kind of like you used the specification as we're revising personally I've never found that particular helpful my personal tactic is to look through exam papers because while you can't really trust a specification you can absolutely trust the past papers and if the past papers you know if you can categorize things into for example physics if you can categorize them into electricity mechanics nuclear waves and you realize that that's all that comes up which is pretty much all that comes up in physics for the B map and that's how I kind of categorized it I just looked at all the past papers and realized oh wow there's only four categories that's how I personally like to structure my own my subjects rather than relying on specification but anyway however you do it however you scope your subject the point is you now have a list of all the topics that you need to revise down one column dissolve the spreadsheet basically the way the system works it's it's very simple every time you study a topic and you actively recall stuff from that topic then you're allowed to write the current date in the in the next column along in the spreadsheet so in this example today I did the abdominal exam and therefore I'm gonna write today's date in the box now let's say tomorrow I do the above abdominal exam again I you know we reread my notes on it if I if I'm feeling particularly lazy if I'm feeling efficient I would actively recall I would be using my own questions and then once I've done that then I put tomorrow's date in the box so the idea is that over time I'm kind of building up this list of repetitions of my subject so I'm going to show you an example of the spreadsheet that I used in my third year when I was doing psychology I referenced this in the hips more video the collaboration that we did which is really good fun and that you should watch if you haven't seen and loads of people asked you know can you tell us specifically about how you made the spreadsheet this is how it world I've got a list of essays that I want to learn down one side for each of the three different like papers within psychology and over time I built up this this kind of repetition dates so like once I've read the essay and kind of like draw my spot a diagram for it I'd write the date and I think something really useful is to color code each box based on how good you recall of that subject so for example if I knew it very very very well I would color it green if I do if I just didn't really know it at all I'll color it red if I sort of knew it maybe 50% I color it yellow and the nice thing about Google sheets is that you've got like you know creations of red orange yellow like halfway through so it gives you a very visual representation of what are my weak areas what are my strong areas and that's the system it's it's it's simple but it works really well the idea is just that you know over time you mark these down and then as as time progresses you start of red and then they go be yellow and then this target in green and even less oh wow I know everything in the subject because they've all been mark green and I know I know it because the only reason I'm allowed to mark a date on it is if I've actively recalled information from this topic it's not just have a read the top chapter in the textbook have I read over my notes that is a total waste of time the important thing is have I recalled it have I tried to write down as much as I know about the topic have I answered my active recall questions for that particular topic so yeah that's the system it's quite simple you know topics on one side and then all the times you revise the topic and actively recall it please along along the rest of it and then you color code it based on how good you were actively recalling the information here are some more tips on how to use it effectively firstly please start with the stuff that you don't know I think a very common thing is that you're you know it's time for me to study maths I'm gonna open chapter one of my textbook and read and do problems that I know I already can do I used to do this with chemistry uh-huh you know I want to revise chemistry like open the CGP revision guide fundamentals of chemistry the periodic table oh yes you know I know the periodic table song why don't I sing the song in my head in trying to take of that you know it was all stuff that I knew I already knew and yet I was doing it because it was like right it's time to revise chemistry I want to do what's easy please that's that's a bad thing to do and these days if I ever find myself doing that I like mentally kicked myself in the head and say to myself no I'm gonna do a topic that I know I don't know one thing I like to do is that I like to start from the final topic in the textbook and work my way back up to the first this is especially true of lecture notes at university you find that you know you become very very familiar with the contents of like lecture one two and three but like lecture 13 14 15 out of like maybe 18 you like a bit like a little bit shaky on those and it's so tempting when thinking I'm gonna revise an athame just open the book to the first page I think that's a terrible idea in fact I think it's a better idea just open the book at a random page or the last page and work you and work your way back because that encourages you to tackle topics that you already don't know and as we've established the more but it takes you to learn a topic the more effort it takes you to actively recall the stronger that information is going to get encoded over time so that's tip number one don't study topics you already know like focus on the stuff that you've marked as a redwood that you haven't done at all secondly I think it's the mindset that works for for this kind of spreadsheet system at least for me is that I take a very sort of scattershot approach for it each day I try to fill in as many books as I possibly can because my reasoning is it's far better for me to blitz through a topic and then try and actively recall questions and then do that same thing for like ten different topics over time then it is for me to kind of spend 10 hours focused on a single topic which I might have been more tempted to do in previous days and I think that's something that a lot of us do we we we focus on like I want to get really good at this topic before moving on whereas I think this kind of the scattergun approach with the spreadsheet is that you know I know that I'm not gonna get good at this topic but that's not the point the point is I'm gonna be repeating this topic like eight times before my exam comes around I want to just kind of kind of blitz it like write my recall questions like actively recall make my brain work and then move on to the next thing and then move with the next thing after that and this is actually another technique it's sort of in the literature as sort of with evidence it's called interleaved practice you do a little bit of one thing and then you know before you quite have mastery of it you switch tasks or something else and then you switch to us toss with something else and they've got a lot of evidence from like sporting studies where they've like analyzed hockey players and like coaching methods and stuff and they do practice at one thing and then like the players get slightly annoyed because they were just getting good at that particular move before the coach movement moved them on to something completely different but you realize over time that you result improved so much more if you take this approach where you kind of do it a bit recall it a bit move on do it a bit recall a bit move on do it a bit recall a bit move on rather than right I'm gonna do and I'm gonna get really good at the fundamentals of chemistry before moving on to the next topic instead maybe more like right I'm gonna spend 20 minutes in fundamentals of chemistry I'm just gonna write down a list of all the questions I can think of I'm gonna go through them through the questions in my head with a book close trine on to the questions right let's move on to topic two and in fact to be honest at GCSE in it and a level you can pretty much go through the entire the entire textbook /cg P revision guide / let's revision guide or whatever you're using you can do that in the matter of a few hours if you take a very sort of scattergun like I don't care about the detail I just want to make my brain work to recall information so yeah I've wanted a bit about this I feel quite strongly about this about this I think that it's more efficient for us if we don't like focusing on mind with you on particular topics and if we don't treat our vision as a block of chemistry and then a block of this other talking chemistry than a block of that instead kind of do more of a sort of combining everything together like a bit of this bit of that bit of this bit of that and then repeat the next day and I think over time that builds up a stronger knowledge base and an understanding Basin this is not quite evidence-based obviously this is my own personal opinion please take it with a pinch of salt but you know maybe try it out for a few days you know doing this thing of I'm just gonna blitz through a lot of topics quantity rather than quality in a way and I find actually yeah that's quite a good buzzword quantity rather than quality it's more important to get through a large number of topics then to get through a small number to a lot of topics in a lot of detail because often that detail doesn't really help us and it's the active active recalling that's really building the connections in our brain but yeah I think it's all about scattergun approach with the spreadsheet method try and fill in as many books as you can in a given day rather than I really want to get that book screen before moving on so yeah that is effectively how I do my revision I use my magical spaced repetition spreadsheet system I have it on Google sheet so I can fill it out wherever I am I use active recall after you know I answer my list of questions I've written for each topic in my head or out loud or on paper or whatever I'm feeling like and then once I've actively recalled it I mark the date and I color code how easy it was to recall and this gives me a nice kind of pictorial representation of each of my subjects each of the topics within those subjects and how well I know those things so I know exactly what to focus my attention on in in future revision session finally I'm going to talk about why I personally don't like the idea of a revision timetable I know this is blasphemy I know a lot of other revision youtubers who are doing absolutely smashing it and doing really really well fully endorse the idea of revision timetables what I'd say to that is if it works for you then that's absolutely fantastic I don't think it works for me I've tried it basically my issue with revision timetables is that you're expecting yourself to know how much you need to revise a particular topic so I like back in the day when I used to make a rigid timetables I should be like right on on this day I'm gonna do that that and that topic on the next I'm gonna do that and that'll blah blah blah I've been cooperating special petition into this like obviously repeat topics but you know my problem was that I'd I'd be repeating topics that I didn't need to repeat or I wouldn't be spending as much time on topics that I didn't need to repeat so ultimately I realized that actually revision is is a very fluid process we all find different things difficult we all progress at slightly different rates so if we make a timetable two months before our exam where we're telling ourselves right each day I want to stick to this topic that topic and kind of regiment it like that I don't think that works for me instead as I said I prefer to see revision is more of a fluid thing and that's why I really like my spreadsheet system because it doesn't give me any compulsion to do particular topically today all I have to do is each morning I'm right right I'm gonna do some revision for section a or my paper one in psychology let me look through my list and see which of these essays have the red mark by them let me do those okay perfect those are done now let's look at the yellows yeah let's pen deployment those and you know let's just make sure I still know the greens let me look at one of the greens that sort of thing I wouldn't have been able to plan that in advance and I think if I had tried in my 30 to plan out my revision in advance like that I wouldn't have done nearly so well as I ended up doing so yeah that's why I don't like revision timetables that's why these days I never make a revision timetable I use my spreadsheet and each day I decide ok what is the stuff that needs working on what's the stuff that's gonna make my brain work the hardest because that's what's gonna get me the biggest improvement in my mark rather than you know my timetable but hey everyone has their own thing if you like timetables then by all means go for it I personally don't if you're finding that your timetable doesn't really help or that you've not really sticking to it as was the case for me when I was in secondary school then maybe try out this method use the spreadsheet system use whatever system you like but don't feel like you have to structure your revision in a regimented fashion around a timetable it doesn't work for everyone okay that brings us to the end of the video I really hope this has been useful we've talked less about the evidence in this video than we did in the previous video the previous video like objectively I think is really really really good if you want to learn how to revise effectively because active recall is the most important things and because there are a lot of interesting studies around it and because activerecord is semi unintuitive like we all prefer to reread highlight underline make notes with spaced repetition is a bit it's a bit different it's a bit harder to make like a video on this saying that oh this is gonna change this is gonna blow your mind completely because we all sort of know that spaced repetition works we know that cramming doesn't really work very well we know that it's good to repeat stuff and I guess it's reasonable to say that yeah I'll repeat it a week later and then a month later and then I'll kind of know it better but I hope that either way you know if you've got to this point this videos giving you some value what have we talked about we've talked about firstly an introduction to spaced repetition we've said that obviously spacing repetition is better than cramming but we've said that importantly as well within a single study session maybe spacing your repetition might be a good idea as well because that improves your recall according to the studies secondly we talked about some ways in which you can incorporate spaced repetition into your study routine and your life we talked about and keep very briefly I'll link it down below if you want to check it out and we talked about this kind of mindset the mindset shift that is a good way of learning anything not just like academic stuff that you know just a little bit each day is far better than focused massed crammed practice which a lot of us are very kind of inclined to do including myself and every time I catch myself doing that I think No it's all about spaced repetition you know I just need to do 10 minutes of slight reading practice a day and that's so much better than doing two hours on the weekend and finally I shared with you my own personal spreadsheet magical spaced repetition system I call it magical it's not that magical it's really really simple but like it gives you a really nice pictorial representation of where you are for each of your subjects I think that's really really important and it works very well for me obviously this particular spreadsheet system is not based on evidence there's no one has done a study on you know whether a revision timetable works better than having the spreadsheet system it just works for me and if it works for you then fantastic if it doesn't then I'm sorry you've wasted your time please go back to your time table and hopefully you'll smash your exam I wish you the very best of luck so yeah thank you so much for watching this video if you need to the channel thank you very much for subscribing as well this channel seems to have been sort of growing at an alarmingly amazing rate like these past few days ever since the previous revision video and of course since the ipsum of collaboration Thank You Apes for that so yeah thank you so much for subscribing if you hear if you haven't subscribed to the channel yet maybe please consider doing so we've got a couple more more videos coming about about like motivation productivity how I make notes and I don't like making notes sort of apps on my phone how I use the iPad in medical school that sort of stuff aimed at students I do vlogs regularly about life as a medical student and we also do a lot of videos about sort of very specifically aimed at medicine applicants so be Matt you get interviews and that sort of stuff if you're into that kind of thing and very very soon we'll also be having some videos of my friends singing songs so this channel is becoming kind of like a mishmash of lots of stuff but I hope it's still enjoyable I hope it's still relevant to some of you guys and yeah thank you so much watching the video if you liked it please give it a thumbs up if you haven't subscribed to the channel please consider doing so have a lovely evening I'll see you in the next video goodnight

Channel: Ali Abdaal

Views: 2,113,779

Keywords: study tips, how to study, revision tips, how to revise, exam revision, exam study, exam revision tips, cambridge medical student, spaced repetition, ali abdaal

Id: Z-zNHHpXoMM

Length: 26min 22sec (1582 seconds)

Published: Mon Apr 09 2018