How to Build a Pitched Roof - Carpentry Training

hello I'm Roger physically from skill-builder I'm here today with Robin clever and Robin is going to give me a master class in roof construction hopefully you too but the idea is if I could do it anyone could do it so Robins gonna take us through the whole job so just a quick intro to this job is a typical domestic extension it's a wraparound extension we've got a flat area on the top which is going to have a glass lantern so we've got some flat roof joists to put in we've got a series of rafters to go around it's a little bit tricky in places but I'm gonna teach Roger a few tips and tricks about how to set this thing out easily I've got my plan but if anyone is in the business that I mean you get a plan one to fifty it's only indicative of what they want to end up with when you actually get on site you see the walls in and the steel working you've pretty much got to work with what's there and make it work so that's exactly what we're gonna do [Music] okay so around the perimeter of the building I've got a lean-to type roof and I've got to make a lot of assumptions here and I've also got a calculate for different elements for example there's a warm roof going on here so the level of our steel work here actually represents the top of the actual structural Timbers then we've got a fir in peace going on there then we've got ply after that we've got 120 of PIR which then as the membrane bonded directly to it so what I need to do is I need to bring my rafter up get it to the right height to enable when that PIR is in we can put the trim around a nice hard edge like a Ridge straight over the tiles so the first thing I need to do although we specify what angle to have these is just simply check these simple thing section of timber straight on the top and then we're just going to mark a line my level is a bit long but it's perfect I'm gonna line them up and we're just gonna take a line here alright that goes down to the bench with me I'm gonna use my roofing square so check the pitch and I'll set everything from that the other thing I need to do is measure it up now normally I use a simple calculation which is basically the run which is the level run by the degree of pitch or actually the diagonal measurement for that particular degree of pitch so what I'm going to do here is called stepping off so I've made a little drawing for myself and I've done all the dims on it so I've used a level to check back the distance from the front edge of this deal to the outside edge of my plate I've done the same from the top to there and now I'm going to use my roofing square on the stepping off method which is simple because there's measurements out either side and I'm gonna step that off up my rafter and that will give me exactly what I'm looking for and I'm gonna go and do that now and Roger is gonna drill some holes for me let's work out the pitch take my roofing square this was a level line so effectively that is the rafter slope that I'm working to it wants to be 35 degrees that's what we asked our steel worker for and basically that's what we need for a plain tile so on my roofing square I line this up with my common rafter run pop it along there and I'll clearly got 35 degrees so I'm gonna set my roofing square up I use this special modified section of iroko which I made is like a fence and although I'm not gonna go exactly into how this roofing square operates that it's basically like a protractor and if you can imagine the center of the projector being a fixed point here in this case and in all of these angles go around in a semicircle that's effectively how it works so that's the center of the protractor that's 35 degrees best level and that's plumb so that's a plumb cut and that's a seat cut so what I've got is a little dimension of the draw in here I'm using a 150 rafter and the reason I'm using in 150 rafter it's only a short span is purely to accommodate enough PIR insulation maintaining an airspace over the top and that gives me basically what I'm looking for in terms of the build up for insulation purposes so we've a rafter we have a bird's mouth that sits over the plate in tradition that's always a third of the thickness of the timber so in my case I'm using a 150 rafter so it's a hundred millimetres from the top of the rafter back to the corner of the bird's mouth I've also worked out the level of the soffit in relation to the heads of the window frames and door frames simply by putting a spirit level on the wall plate measuring down and making an allowance for the thickness of the soffit board so in my case my drop is 275 millimeters the overhang I'll cut that off afterwards but I always cut my seat cut first because it's really awkward to try and get a saw in afterwards level that's my seat cut right on the end of the timber I've selected a fairly straight piece for this because it's effectively my template I'm gonna repeat these cuts over and over again the next step is to measure up my drop which is 275 millimeters so when I run the set a square here on this scale I've got millimeters I've come to 200 I can mark a simple line through go back and I can add 75 millimeters on to that which is 75 here that is the level of my birdsmouth there we go now we know we want two-thirds of the rafter in our case is 150 simple math makes it's a hundred mil that's two-thirds there we go so then we use the square we slide it down the top edge of the timber and we mark the birds mouth so there's your birds mouth that effectively sits over your wall plate all right I'm gonna mark the top of the rafter now and the way I'm gonna do that is by stepping off the height from my wall plate to the top of my steel is 750 millimeters and I'm gonna step it off again using it's very simple 200 mil every time there's my 200 bang I'm gonna mark that 200 I'm gonna go again 200 gonna mark that there we go again 200 so we are now at 600 yes 2 4 6 I'm looking for 715 add another 100 and hundred and 15 excuse my poor English that is the level of my steel so I'm gonna write on their level of Steel so why don't you just get a tape measure of me because Roger I'm measuring up an angle at 90 degrees so if you can imagine can't measure this way because that's the roll measurement I'm actually looking for the measurement up that way 750 so this is called stepping off to change things yeah I also know that in my case I've got a steel here like this I've got a rafter which actually passes it and on top of that steel I'm gonna sit a ridge okay now that Ridge accommodates the roof insulation which is 120 the plywood which is roughly 20 and the end of the furring which is about 10 so when you add all that together it actually comes up to or I actually worked it to the height of this timber which is the same as the rafter so it's effectively my Ridge so I need to do then on my stepping off I know that's the level of the top of the steel but I'm actually going to add on a ridge so I can use the ridge I'm going to use pop a mark there now I know that's the very top of my rafter so my final seat cut here on the top is here that is the top of my Ridge now the next thing I know is I need to position that Ridge and it's exactly the same method stepping off however the distance in to the steel is a thousand eleven hundred and five millimeters that's from the outside of the wall plate to the outside of the steel I'm gonna step that off again and it's gonna be somewhere near it this time we step it off using the different scale the the scale on the other side when you say somewhere near it I've never heard you use that froze before well the reason I say somewhere near it's because I've actually said the steel work was set out for this roof so I know it's gonna be roughly in the field because I oversaw the setting out to steel work I did the steel drawings I signed the steel drawings off on this job purely because I know I needed to pitch a roof on it afterwards so this time I'm going to just use the 300 scale and there's 300 there's 600 there's 900 now we need to add the odd beyond which is 215 there that is effectively my ridge board so what that what that means is then the corner of the steel Varitek will talk about the level of the top of the steel and that's the front that's exactly where my steel is so on the roof that's the where the steel is and you can see it's perfectly positioned for me to land a nice piece of Ridge on top of the steel and that's my rafter coat gotcha gotcha yeah yeah and then what we're gonna do use a ridge it is a ridge it's a ridge gold yeah thinking it was a pike when I was yeah it's actually a ridge board which we're gonna then bottom fix through the top flange of the steel you're gonna drill the holes for that and then we're gonna bolt that up there but we'll build all the roof on first because the Steel's are never that parallel they're always a few mil out and this way it also eliminates I know the steel as a level and the plates are level and this way this will land on the steel and it will just run in and out and then we'll bolt it up afterwards we'll attach all the roof together one of the things I think the real skill in this for me the experience these experience because you've got a little bit of discrepancy in the timber yeah a little bit okay so you turn it always those rounds that are all the same way round but I noticed when you put that square on yeah yeah there was a bit life between between there yep and there yeah and you're telling me that even the stills on completely uniform as it yeah so all those millimetre this is what gets me as all those millimeters yeah up yeah you know and by the time you finished it we lost three days Osbourne and then suddenly I'm looking at a gap that you could drive them like though you know so yeah that's where you you kind of really score because you've done it before yeah so you gotta build a bit of tolerance in and sometimes if your chip if you're a chippy and you've done ruse before sometimes you know you get there the place have been bedded on nice and level but they're not true and they're not straight so sometimes you do have to do knock the plates backwards and forwards and secure them maybe we have a thunderbolt but which you can just burn nice drill through and screw them down or even if it's a soft block you can actually shoot your nails into them although it's not advised by the nail gun manufacturers that you shoot into any kind of masonry but you can prove into a soft block and that was just secure them and hold it I do it all day long dear yeah and everyone else does too so moody intensity blocks so take a fixing like that so I'm gonna cut this up and I'm gonna make a template now the front steel and the side steel were different by 100 mils so the rear steel was too far back so when I do the rear section of rafters got added another 100 mil on onto my plumb cut what that looks like sorry Roger is simply measuring another hundred mil so the rafter on the front is going to be exactly the same except the position of the ridge is going to be here so that's my that's my side steel and that's my front steel that's gonna be the ridge there yeah so that pitch robin yap way round is it the same same pitch 35 degrees all the way around yet think about that yeah it's the same pitch you're telling me it's longer all it is easy okay so same rights and plates the same eye tops are same might yet place the same height tapas and the pitches the same height pitch is the sames two bit longer it's just the fact that if you can imagine if that's my steel and that's my plate the one on the back is just a bit further in I think they just could have calculated that a little bit better on the sitting out the steel people but at least it's not the wrong way at least it's not too far forward yeah and it's fine I can still work it and that's all good so that's it the next job cut these rafters up get it all ready and then we'll start putting the thing together all right Roger better get on one yeah you make on with the drilling the drills down there the bits in it [Music] but is effectively a rafter this is sort of indicating the wallplate this is an oversized rafter structurally for what we're doing look at the span and it's nothing the reason we're doing this is because you're going to have PIR here 100 millimeters of insulation there yes an airflow in fact it's underneath and air flow over the top yeah so on the warm side got the insulation and then you've got air flow over the top breathable membrane or a vented fascia board don't go there to counter bet all day long you could do all right I love you I've got colored rafters you're drilling my holes let's get on with it [Music] so there's a series of marks on this plate which represent rafters window openings instead of trying to sort of measure everything up and we measure it up I measure it once mark it out really accurately cut myself this rod mark it up when I put my region I just transfer the rod up square everything down is eliminates all of those sort of like measurement mistakes because it's really easy to gain a few millimeters here in there [Music] myself it's not good isn't it [Music] I'm just using my rod I'm making my life easy yeah well this is just this is a fail-safe and will do any ministry and once I've done it once so the next job is I'm gonna square this up so I've got my n2 rafters even got my Ridge onto my plate as well I'm gonna take a diagonal measurement between the two and I'm gonna tap them backwards and forwards until they're perfect the reason I'm doing that is because we've got some roof lights going in here they're quite small apertures there's one there's 600 500 it's a standard sized roof window but by doing that when I actually trim them out and frame them up I know they're gonna fit square as well so it's pretty important that you start square and excuse that finished square to so now that is the difference of 15 mil so I've measured my two long diag and also I'm gonna make them exactly the same now then I know that I'm exactly ninety degree for my wall and my roof lamp is a fitter crease yes Roger don't forget as your apprentice yes was used to be an element of learning in this not just cheap labor not just drilled a hole so I mean I've drilled holes before quite honestly I've got a site in my career drill quite a few holes yeah well then get on and do it stop something about it what I'm gonna move on to pastures new well in a minute I might even let you now so now see and Roger how about that what if with your West Wing we've most been caught look at that the sun's really strong today it's lovely tell you what Mike while you're there yep done with video oh man that was lovely that was lovely that was that was suited up yeah I actually gotta say I enjoyed my drilling today good we took your time over it so we must've loved it like you're the man you know man when it comes to coffee you know man when it comes to Brookline well she got hidden up your sleeve onto their onto their parallel no no oh you want me to go in it yeah come on Roger coffee coffee you tell your son I can't yeah it's all gangly so I'm happy with that position there Roger so I'm gonna put a mark somewhere and then we're gonna bolt that Ridge in but before we pop that Ridge meeting we're gonna straighten it up by putting the rafter in the middle and then it'll be nice and true then it's got the plate nice and true so that's what we're gonna do next there's a little bit of a bow in that a little bit in the ridge yeah yep so it's fixed at either end and obviously the timbers are always a bit wainy but as soon as you put in a few more of the rafters providing your place nice and straight which it is in this case we just check it out we'll just give it a little tap we have a pink flush look at there and there you go you should have a nice straight rich now and then we'll fire that in here we go nice and true there we go what's that mate dive-bombing tape I'll go get it I'd like to volunteer to be the one who goes down and gets the tape mr. mennick go on in this piece of timber not only was it that way just at the end there needs to be forward through the slides up yes there needs to be so the bolt brings it down there yeah we all know should we bolt it first before we fix well we need to probably get another hole under here to catch the end to get that to get that pulled down okay I'll do that maybe you can do that first yeah yeah through that through and then we'll put a bolt through it that's nice [Music] [Music] did you say am i happy yeah if you say that I did I love these be happy but that's a deep question yeah this is a this is a rule no no doing this so some of this or that that's what moves doesn't it back in the day when people used to smoke this believe it or not was the measure of all things they used to say you call a pipe that between that so let's just have a little look give it the Rizla test [Music] I think he's alive he's alive the boy done good I say this is often a problem where you have a steel and a plate and a rafter that hits it so what I like to do is just mark it drill a hole couple of cuts instead of taking another bird's mouth out of it just think it looks a bit special then when you're working with tantalized timber so structural I always use a galvanized now three-point one by ninety ninety millimeters being the length three point one being the thickness and their output for roof construction you don't want anything shorter than that it's got to be strong [Music] got a few lumps and bumps into me going after that we're a service now you're quite sure are much cheaper yeah this is fine absolutely fine [Music] [Music] so it's my schoolboy error because funnily enough I'm human so put my window trimmer in the wrong place I've got to take it out and anyone who knows how well these nails hold so I've got to get the thing out and read and redo it it won't take me long I actually need to cut nails out in situ so I'm gonna try and give it little knot and make a little bit of a gap in the top you can see how solid it is there we go that's giving us a bit of airspace now we need to cut that now that first of all in the top let's run this sword blade down between that's the first one done got another couple to do your art Robin yeah a bit from here well let me try and get it up there position that's lovely perfect so that's released the house is the goose giving a sort hey you go come from around the back yes what they all say [Music] I'm gonna shift this over there we go misty now that very often it's very rare all you get to use my hammer anymore is now I'm gonna put that back in the quick way yeah that's the way it is in life yes so I've just got the window trimmer there to set the whip for that that's the crucial whip I use the same up there small boy arrow boys [Music] what's next I need you to make some bridging or some logins okay they need to be 353 every single one that said that means when I put that in between two joists yeah you've got a Caesar for fibre measures bang on for 400 or was it yeah so you've got a template or you can set something up you can clamp a bit of timber to there yeah but not knowledge yes I've done a bar can you make me to start with I'd say 12 because there's a few that we need to make a different sizes okay so dozen or a dozen of those got the end stopped there so that it can't go back too far that's it he wants 12 of those never used this saw before but I tell what I really like is if you have to hold the timber on that side and you want to use it left-handed you don't have to worry about pressing in because this bit of your hand can go in there so normally you use it with your thumb on the safety there so if you want to be holding the bit of timber and you want to use it left-handed what you can do there is you can still operate that safety on there which is really good because a lot of the time if the way they've designed that switches were allowed you to heal it in so full bar for that so I've got some small roof lights going in this slope so I space the initial rafters out to the width of the aperture that is gonna have another one on either side to form a double I mean really it's plenty strong enough to do the job without doubles on these but I like them sketch the battens all the way up the side as well so they're outside of the flashings etc so what I've got is parallel trimmers which slot in between I've got a top one and in this case a bottom one which is beveled off because it actually sits over the plate all right over there now to put these in I've got my my foot already cut and I've got my top already cut so what I did I took my rafter I marked the window on it and then I cut the top in the bottom off now that's what I'm gonna use to put them in so it's simple I offer the top in mark the shoulder same with the bottom put the bottom in mark the shoulder so they don't know but I do you can take my and I've repeated that process on the other side take my trimmer when I fix I'm gonna fix that home and it's basically all worked out for me so when you get that fix home there let's turn the gun on its turn itself off which is always good that's good saves the battery if you turn it off the other side in then we're gonna put the foot in now the foot is simply in the middle there you can see how nicely it fits because there's no if you try and measure all this stuff there's too many bits to go wrong we'll put that we'll put that foot right in the middle there there we go so we'll get a fixing round into the plate down into the top and then to get the top in exactly the same deal come out the shoulders get your trimmer incidentally I've cut all the trimmers exactly the same my shoulder marks there [Music] it's got a nice feature on this particular gun check this I like this feature especially for doing decking you know putting a roof deck down how about that so quick there we have it [Music] no no inside that's the aperture yeah all right hold it there for a minute all right now Roger you're gonna pass me we'll just leave that just to one side come over here I'll put it on for there keep yours coming on your roof there that's it might leave that to there for now we're gonna get buried real and a couple of those bolts off the back you know the short 460 from the inside that's it right the same again there [Music] she's gonna cut those quickly all right be back in a second [Music] yeah safe and they tend not to split the timber because all nice and they're not countless something too so anyway so that we just drop this in now perfectly even between there and there and we've we get all that attached up to itself we'll bolt that together so you feel a lot of timber has cut copping in it she's like that so obviously I've got more Timbers coming this way so I'm gonna run my cup towards those Timbers so it's a bit more and bit more straight on the inside I'll back it up with a cup as well so it's nice and tight but I won't run the inside one round until I've got these ones in and fixed before I do the hanging so I'm just gonna attach these up here and then we're gonna spray it all up what you have small box out that little box down there may place the cardboard box behind my favorite team in the world square it's probably my roofing square really because it's simple but it's been with me ever since I left college and before that same one really no but I consider that to be kind of like my voice all my qualifications all rolled into one really and it's where I kind of it was the thing I enjoy best is making Rouge complex timber structures but you can use it for a whole lot of things as well but equally a small carve to square a square these are really good as well you know actually I'll tell you what if we did a video one day on yeah as complicated bit of kit yeah I mean yeah well it's the same principle except them the protractor is from the pivot point there there's your degrees of protractor like that yeah my one it's got little notches in it yeah which is good for doing parallel scroll area but there's all sorts of little things is about half a dozen clever little things one bite and this is the best way you know what this one's for this one I did no actually that's for hanging on the shelf in the shop oh that's lovely no it is it's know what comes next squaring it out battle across the top and then we can do it everything off it in this that's pretty straight but beautiful right Dave I need your help here you're gonna hold the tape measure your one into there I'm gonna go measure it over to there in fact what I do is I'll go back on to the other Tower and we'll do it from there and then we'll get a brace across the top which is Rogers gonna get me a piece of button okay so what I want you to do though is we need to increase this length and decrease that length so how we do that is we just knocks if you go to the ends you're just gonna tap the joist over yes you're gonna go that way say five mil in the steel I said let's try that again because this is to be exactly the same measurement and we cannot go wrong then so this is the opening for the this is the lantern answer I mean yeah I'm just gonna straighten it up check it for straight to come unstuck here not me may have worked it out good I'll spend my life working things out good I need some 6 4 to 3 bits yeah I know kids are what they just need to be like 300 long they're just a space to steal off we know work that one backfiring spread these out knock them out and then go boom what's it that's busy that's my window trimmer [Music] 300 throb please Roger that when you say take 3 out of it I thought I'm gonna have enough timber now helps me to know when I said cut free at 300 I've even been cut free any size you want now we've created this large aperture it's 2 meters by one and a half meters it's gonna take a roof Lantern and so what you're taught to do is parallel everything up all on the measure and then we used an equal measurement across the diagonals to get it exactly square and so then I always like to pick up a sight square as well and use that just to double-check we're all in good form oh it's absolutely spot-on that's it he's bought on these if the lanthum doesn't fit they've made it wrong thanks Dave good buy this rattle these last joist in space them all out everywhere trim everything up they need to be just spaced up enough and they just so they don't rot that's it why is it today Robin it's Valentine's Day what are you doing tonight Robin atheist whatever I'm told would yeah if it's a real question you are actually going home tonight yeah I'm doing whatever I'm told because I figured in life that's always a good good mood I'm here in my flange I'm here in my bracket day I've got something in the way here which is gonna be tricky isn't it be sure to cut that bit shorter no it's not no it's not you easy to find job Roger this the other clowns and it's the one we squeezed in last isn't it so alright we'll come back to that one [Music] Roger can give me some more now well you know yeah guess the three or four reams please my best is under the baton Dave and the Timbers on the button here so it's a bit tight that's right any selling today oh yeah oh yeah and then you can have that on there yes [Music] why don't I have a slightly shortened knotch now I would say do it in the way yeah okay tell me when to you to me to him to her stay there for me well I reassure myself you're gonna go tight your end I'll go under my baton over here and see joists yeah I words you all out take your side first Dave on that that's it mate all right somewhere there ready put that one over there just over there for a minute get the last one in all right they go might give us a couple of nails in there okay Robert I think it's time to go it's getting dark enough and the cameraman is getting grumpy how about that I always been busy all day watching you work what can you do timber work I haven't found it a lot yeah it's been good at yeah yeah I think if I had a choice between being a carpet or a cameraman I'd be a cameraman would you yeah okay that's fair enough it's a bit disappointing out in one day with me anyone's to leave anyway it's big good yeah thanks man dirt you're gonna come back again and do a few more waves for us and we are wrong yeah we've got some interesting rules coming up this year so as a when we'll pull you up and get you down in here and if you're not a subscriber become a subscriber because that way you can keep up to date with everything that province doing have a look at his own channel as well because that's coming on nice evening yeah just do sort of bits of filling bits between what is it Roger keep saying that it's all good stuff is it yeah it must be good if you think so so thanks mate I come on cheers Cheers

Channel: Skill Builder

Views: 156,570

Rating: 4.8800001 out of 5

Keywords: pitched roof, Carpentry Training, DV36DAX, semi-pitched roof, double pitched roof, G3612DA, pitched roof to flat roof, pitched roof extension, single pitched roof, how to build a roof, pitched roof construction, C3607DA, C3610DRA, CR36DA, pitched roof types, mono pitched roof, roof pitch calculation, roof pitch explained, roof pitch speed square, roof pitch angles, roof pitch gauge, roof pitch pocket, pitched roof construction details, pitched roof construction drawings

Id: 90cB_qiu-YA

Length: 38min 35sec (2315 seconds)

Published: Wed Apr 17 2019