It runs from the capital, Kabul, to the second
biggest city, Kandahar. It was the cornerstone of the US strategy
to rebuild Afghanistan after the invasion in 2001. It cost over $200 million to build and hundreds
of lives were lost defending it. Despite all that the Kabul to Kandahar Highway,
today, is broken. A 2016 audit report found that the road was and if it becomes impassable... To understand how a road this significant
and this costly can be falling apart, you have to ask:
Where did the US go wrong in Afghanistan? Just weeks after 9/11, the US invaded Afghanistan,
where Al Qaeda planned the attacks. They were sheltered by the Taliban, who controlled
the Afghan government at the time. Both groups were driven out of Kabul in a
matter of months, so the US strategy soon shifted from combat, to stabilizing and rebuilding
the country. But Afghanistan is a difficult place to control
and rebuild. It’s mountainous, and mostly rural. The population is fractured among several
ethnic groups and local communities often operated autonomously. To make matters worse, there were only 50
kilometers of paved roads in 2002, which meant most of these communities were isolated. The US decided to change that by rebuilding
The Ring Road that was partially built by the Soviet Union in the 60s but had been destroyed
by decades of war. Starting with the Kabul to Kandahar section,
the US and several other countries pledged $1.5 Billion dollars to the Ring Road. It would run in a 3,200 kilometer loop, connecting
Afghanistan’s 4 biggest cities - essentially tying these communities together. And it was showing promise: Trade circulated
through more places, and medical services reached more people. It gave the new government in Kabul more legitimacy
around the country. The Ring Road also allowed the US and NATO
military to send troops and supplies around the country faster, so they could keep the
Taliban in check. “Where the roads end in Afghanistan, the
Taliban begin." "In other words, roads promote enterprise." "Enterprise provides hope." "Hope is what defeats this ideology of darkness." But the US didn’t finish the job. In 2003, the US invaded Iraq. And Afghanistan become second priority. Funding, reconstruction, resources, and experienced
leadership, including generals and diplomats were all diverted to the war in Iraq. The Ring Road was far from complete yet reconstruction
funding was cut by $1.2 billion a few years later. The US preoccupation with Iraq gave the Taliban
an opening to return, and they seized it. When you look at the Taliban activity in the
region from 2004 through 2009, you can see it escalate. Draw the Ring Road, and you can see where
those activities are concentrated. They set up ambushes, laid roadside bombs,
took hostages, killed US soldiers and road construction crews. By 2008, the Taliban had taken back significant
territory, especially in the south and east, along the Kabul to Kandahar highway. Afghanistan was in a full-blown insurgency. "Afghanistan is not lost, but for several years
it has moved backwards." "There is no imminent threat of the government
being overthrown, but the Taliban has gained momentum." "In short, the status quo is not sustainable." In 2009, President Barack Obama decided to
recommit to the war in Afghanistan. He sent thousands of troops in what was called
The Surge. The US and NATO made some progress in the
south. But it quickly became clear that the Taliban
would not be easily defeated. The more troops deployed to Afghanistan, the
more the Taliban launched attacks. With the military struggling to clear territory,
it became nearly impossible to rebuild roads, as the Taliban continued to attack road-crews. The degraded security environment has made this the most dangerous project our company
has attempted. 21 killed. 51 wounded. And 4 missing. This forced construction companies to hire
security, which caused budgets to skyrocket. Like this road from Khost to Pakitia, which
cost almost $5M per mile mostly because of security. But 18 months later, time was up. President Obama announced that he’d start bringing
troops back. "After this initial reduction, our troops will
continue coming home at a steady pace, as Afghan security forces move into the lead. Our mission will change from combat to support. As US troops withdrew, they left behind oversight
of infrastructure projects, including roads. In 2012, USAID, cut funding for road construction. And even after the US and partnering countries
spent $3 Billion dollars on it, the Ring road was never completed. Road-building and maintenance became the responsibility
of the Afghan government, which was crippled by corruption. Experts estimate that billions of dollars
have been lost to corruption in Afghanistan. In 2015, with only about 11,000 US troops
in country, mostly in the major cities, the Taliban swept back through Afghanistan. In 2017, they controlled almost half the country
-- that’s more territory than they’ve had since 2001. And that includess large sections of the Ring Road. And that’s one of the main reasons why the
road is in dire shape. According to a 2016 inspection The US has no plans to give rebuilding Afghanistan
a third chance. In 2017, President Trump committed more troops
but made it very clear: “We are not nation-building again." "We are killing terrorists.“ As the Ring Road continues to deteriorate,
it's no longer a symbol of the US efforts to rebuild Afghanistan, instead it serves
as a reminder of the job that was never finished.
