How The Lancaster Factory Developed The RAF's Finest Bomber | War Factories | Timeline

my name's dan snow and i want to tell you about history hit tv it's like the netflix for history hundreds of exclusive documentaries and interviews with the world's best historians we've got an exclusive offer available to fans of timeline if you go to history hit tv you can either follow the information below this video or just google history hit tv and use the code timeline you get a special introductory offer go and check it out in the meantime enjoy this video the untold story of war production all wars are about competition in production the side that can produce more is always going to triumph over the other side this is a war between the factory the real story of how the world wars were fought and won it may sound strange but modern wars they're not won by battles they're won by factories they swamped the other side with a tide of mass production and those factories would shape the modern world volkswagen fiat mitsubishi they're all household names now but they made those names as wall factories [Music] gotta get back to work [Music] the avro lancaster one of the most iconic british aircraft of the second world war people always celebrate the spitfire and the hurricane but let's not forget the lancaster is surely just as iconic my great uncle flew in them in world war ii in the latter part of world war ii i get weepy every time i get within 100 feet of a lancaster bomber and i get massively excited every time i see one in a fly path what started out as a deadly design the manchester was killing crews turned into a pilot's dream they called it from a beast to a beauty because the lancaster was a beauty the lancaster's unique capabilities helped change the course of the war in europe it plays an extremely important part in winning the second world war this is the story of the avro lancaster and of the war factory that built it [Music] 1936 as hitler's nazi germany turns its factories to military production britain prepares for war there was uh very much uh a possibility of war in europe hitler had become chancellor in 33 luffroff had been officially unveiled shortly thereafter so there was no kidding themselves to the fact that there was a rising power in continental europe it's terrifyingly clear to british high command that britain does not have the war machinery it needs to compete with hitler the british government urgently needs new aircraft the emphasis in the beginning is on fighters not bombers and that's mainly because of cost you can build four fighters for the price of a single bomber but the british high command know that they also need those bombers a bomber needs to do a few things it needs to fly a significant distance compared to most aircraft at the time you had to start extending range and you had to extend payload you actually have to carry bombs those specs call for an aircraft that can match german bombers in delivering destruction the air ministry issues specification p13 36 for a new bomber the specification asked for a six crew airplane that could carry 8 000 pounds of bombs fly at 275 miles an hour and at fifteen thousand feet uh that was not going to be an easily achievable aim building a bomber is a vast task from an engineering standpoint so they really are asking quite a lot of the aircraft and they want to do it and this is another thing in a two-engine bomber this is a really tall order not least because as well that this all of this has to be achievable using two rolls-royce vulture engines which are still in development at the time but this is music to the ears of a struggling little aeroplane company called afro avro was born out of one young man's dreams of flying avro is started by a man called sir edwin elliott verdin so that of course is where the name comes from together with his brother humphrey edwin rowe founds the av row aircraft company in a basement in manchester in 1910 world war one provides it with just the lift it needs to get off the ground and the military knows they're gonna need some new aircraft so what they do is that they order up a whole series of aeroplanes and seaplanes from av row and that is just keeping the manchester factory absolutely humming but after the end of the war a slump in demand rings big changes at avro after the first world war military contracts were cancelled and it became the lean years it became a very difficult time obviously nobody needs a constant constant supply of military airplanes anymore and so money is really hard to come by and eventually afro is sold to costly motors who want the factory space to build cars and in 1928 av row resigns from the company [Music] a brand new management at avro tries to build the business back up it's a really ambitious move but it's led by this really legendary lead designer avro and he's a man called roy chadwick roy chadwick has been at avro almost from the start by this stage he and general manager roy dobson are now running the company roy chadwick i think very fortunately met av in the very early days and i think they hit it off straight away if you like they both had the same and similar ideas about how an aircraft should be designed and they have the same enthusiasm for aviation at a time when many people thought that flying was against nature's needs and it shouldn't happen and it was wrong for people to fly chadwick's a real character frankly but he's also a brilliant designer and he learns his craft from roe himself and he actually holds to rose design ethos av's mantra was build it strong build it light and build it powerful because the the horsepower of engines and in their day you had to be as light as possible to be able to fly as high as you could so when the p13 tender comes around in 1936 chadwick has to employ all his persuasive skills to get the contract for the new bomber chadwick was able to convince the air ministry because of his previous history that he could meet and more all the specifications in the contract once the air ministry gets on board a new bomber is born there's a tradition that bombers are named after town so that's it they are now actively pursuing building a manchester bomber the first prototype manchester l724 rolls off the avro lines and begins flight testing in july 1939 but things don't fly smoothly the problem when the manchester's tested is that the rudders don't provide enough control the engine runs too hot and the hydraulics are rubbish everything stems from issues with the vulture engines that they were being told they had to use you can have a brilliant airframe but it doesn't matter if you don't have the right engine to power it but despite its faults bomber command and the air ministry stuck with this airplane because they desperately needed it they had nothing else effectively they commissioned this thing anyway and they order from avro 200 of 1200 manchester bombers but it just becomes increasingly obvious that they're not up to the task and so the government orders them to cease production but roy chadwick isn't having any of this chad we realized pretty early on that the uh the engine issue with the um vultures wasn't going to be solved satisfactorily he could see that that engine was going to ruin his aircraft if he couldn't get that changed and what he does is adapt the manchester and replaces the two dud vulture engines with four rolls-royce merlin engines instead and it makes the world of difference chadwick proposes a new updated version of the manchester powered by these new engines he calls it type 683 as an engineer he can look at the manchester and say actually the airframe's fine you can make the airframe bigger so we can move from two mediocre engines to four excellent rolls-royce merlin engines and all of a sudden move from a medium bomber with flaws to a large bomber that can be very effective type 683 now gets an official name and the lancaster bomber is born after weeks of poor weather on the 9th of january 1941 chadwick's four-engine bomber taxes out for her maiden flight the first test flight the poor guys flying it had tested the manchester which had nearly killed them so they can't have been that enthusiastic about getting into a really similar aeroplane they were only meant to be up in the air for not very long but they were up there for much much longer and they did a low fly past and dipped the wings and they just said how fantastic it was the test pilot came back and he was absolutely cock-a-hoop with the performance of the aeroplane and they were smiling absolutely beaming and they called it from a beast to a beauty and in june of 1941 the air ministry issues a contract to avro for almost 500 lancasters it's a huge order but avro is ready for it avro had a good uh setup for building the aircraft they had learned building techniques and experience from the manchester so they were hitting the ground running as it were when they went into production towards the end of 1941 and they were still building lancasters at the end of the war the lancaster inspired extreme devotion not just in its aircrews but in the ground crews that maintained it as a full-scale replica airframe at the avro museum in stockport cheshire shows [Music] my late father was a ground engineer on the original aircraft as for sugar which is now hendon he went on to restore that aircraft post-war so consequently i grew up working on the aircraft with him and it had quite a big impact on me so after my father passed away some years after i use my income to create this airframe that you see behind you with the express purpose of enabling the general public to go on board learn about the lancaster [Music] in my opinion world war ii could not have been one without the lancaster with the success of chadwick's designs expands its production lines the government gives avro a grant of one million pounds to build a new factory at chatterton now it's a really beautiful building but you know even chatterton isn't big enough because what britain needs are more and more planes and of course what does that mean avro needs more and more factories so what avro decides to do is to build their next plant at yiden in yorkshire on the site of the leeds bradford municipal airport it's actually going to be the largest factory under one roof in all of europe and avro is going to need it because the lancaster is about to show the german people what it means to start a total war [Music] avro's yidan plant opens in february 1941. yeah an incredible factory the floor space takes up about one and a half million feet i mean that is huge there are thousands of people working at this plant it's like a small town but all under a roof one of the people working there was lillian grundy a young shop assistant who finds herself drafted into the factory i was 16 when the war started i worked at the old toffee factory at whitefield and a woman came one day and asked a lot of personal questions about a month after i was called up to go and see this av rose that be about early 41 and a b18 the war factory where lillian worked was an impressive size it presented a massive target for german bombers as the story of nearby chatterton shows as a factory manufacturing bomber aircraft it's always going to be a target for the enemy and on easter monday 1941 uh german bomber aircraft find the factory and drop bombs thankfully it's easter monday the workers are off on their easter holidays so there's almost no one inside and there are no casualties but then it makes them think about how to protect the factory from any further attack to protect the massive yedon factory avro needs to think outside the fuselage general manager roy dobson completely understands the vulnerability of the factory better than anyone else and he knows that you know just one bombing raid could the entire plant and could stall production indefinitely so he comes up with what we always call in britain a cunning plan what he does is to call in designers from the film industry what they do is that they bank up earth at 45 degrees all the way around the walls to eliminate any shadows being cast from the walls and do the roof up so that when you look at it from above as a german bomber you see mock houses farms trees everything they even had artificial cows and they would move them on a daily basis and they even tried to change it for the seasons so they would have leaves and so on and so forth absolutely astonishing and there are some wonderful photographs of that quite amazing but even with the extra capacity at the factories demand for lancasters soon outstrips avro's ability to produce them 55 000 parts make up a lancaster so that is an enormous number of parts that have to come in from war factories all over the country you then have to spend 70 000 man hours doing half a million individual processes to come up with a finished airplane at the peak of lancaster production avro employs 40 000 people but actually it's a lot more than that because if you include all the subcontractors it was estimated that you have more than a million people taking part in putting the lancaster together it is a great testament to the the people from avro in particular and all these other subcontractors and other factories that during the height of the war seven or eight a day were coming out of production [Music] lillian played her part in this process by making the ties that bound the front of the plane together i was there on the machine and we made big screws it was hard work 12 hours a night the women was on all the makeups and lays and the machine was well i would say 50 times bigger than me we wore a heart to put all your hair in because the drill going round would have sculpture there were only your feet not moving everything else was moving and your brain had to keep alert because the machine would go round and round and round with the shop and it would tell your fingers so you had to watch all the time when i first went to my fingers yes and the lancasters are needed to open a new front in the war immediately and then you have the person of arthur harris come into the equation who takes over bomber command in 1942 harris is a committed believer in city bombing that he really believes that britain can can drive germany out of the war by laying waste to its cities there are a lot of people who say that bombing can never win a war well my answer to that is that it has never been tried yet germany will make a most interesting initial experiment when harris is talking about attacking a german city you will devastate everything about that city fly at night with masses of bombers don't worry about hitting individual small targets just blanket an area at the end of may 1942 harris launches the first thousand bomber raid designed to obliterate the rail links and factories in one of germany's key industrial cities the thousand bomber raid on cologne is over in 90 minutes but in that time they managed to start 2 500 fires and destroy or damage 13 000 buildings it's shocking and devastating to the people on the ground the raid was intended to the city's industry while protecting the bombers through sheer weight of numbers the raid is a success in that they only lose 4 of the aircraft that left britain to take part in it so yes it absolutely works and yet a month later the city is beginning to get back to work so that the long-term impacts of the cologne raid don't live up to the immediate hype of the moment when it seemed to be so devastating in such a term this is why many people today question bomber harris's methods though some still support him the thousand bomber raids were primarily to hit industrial areas yes civilian areas unfortunately got hit but it wasn't quite the same as the blitz in london or somewhere like that so actually i think bomber harris has been slightly hard done by by some of the criticism and i think that's unwinding now i think that people realize that those raids hit and destabilize a lot of the industrial production which actually foreshortened the war without it the war may have gone on longer than it did [Music] but thousand bomber raids don't come cheap and someone has to make the bombers to fly them to fulfill the insatiable demand avro's war factories are working round the clock during the war the work regime was extremely extremely tough it was a 12-hour shift it was 24-hour production and it was freezing cold the doors opened at back of you for him to take the wings out which the riveters did they were up ladders riveting so it was noisy everywhere you went was noise noise noise don't forget we was doing a man's job we only got ladies pay despite working at full capacity the lancasters don't come in unlimited numbers to keep up the pressure british high command needs to find a way of hitting german industry using fewer planes what bomber command needs to do is come up with a more strategic way of doing things so find a target that can be attacked by a much smaller force but will cause maximum devastation to the nazi war effort the river valley of the roar is where many nazi war factories are based destroying them would be a big step towards winning the war for the allies they are supplied by seven great dams three of which are crucial targets because what the ruhr factories are powered by is hydroelectricity and that comes from these three great huge dams [Applause] so if these dams can be breached not only will the factories grind to a halt but they'll also flood the roar and they'll literally bog it down for months the only problem is where do you get something powerful enough to breach these really thick dams 1942 british high command wants to hit the industrial heart of germany the roar valley to do that they must take out the dams at the top of the valley but they don't have the right tools to target them yet even before the war the british air ministry has long identified the rue valley as a key strategic target you know because we know that what wins wars are factories and the factories of the royal valley are the key to hitler's war fighting ability so you've got these three great big dams around the valley and they're holding back these massive lakes and they are providing huge amounts of hydroelectric power and all that power is used for making steel therefore instead of taking out all of the individual factories if you take out the dams not only will they have no power to work but you can devastate the area with flooding as well but the problem is is these dams are 40 meters thick that is seriously thick they're gonna withstand a few epoxy bombs so what the raf calculate is a direct hit with large bombs might just do the trick and it needs pinpoint accuracy the problem where do you get that one man is obsessed with the idea and will stop at nothing to achieve it his name is barnes wallace barnes wallace is what would have been known at the time as a boffin is the assistant chief a designer for vickers and on the outbreak of war he just comes up with idea after after idea on how britain could win the war using technology he's absolutely ideal because he's not somebody that that looks at things in a conventional way barnes wallace and his team closely researched the biggest weaknesses in the dam structures the problem you've got with trying to reach a dam is it's designed to in fact resist thousands millions of tons of pressure and very importantly very difficult to bomb because it's a very very small thin target and a bomb bursting in water isn't very effective one solution would be a torpedo that works with ships but a torpedo won't work because the germans have already thought of that it's obvious um so what they've done is string a traditional torpedo net in front of the dam so that if you do try that um it will catch the torpedo and if it does go off it will be too far away from the dam to cause any damage so his thought is that he knows that an explosive force in contact with the actual dam wall will produce an effect that will push out the masonry and very importantly allow the millions of tons of water to then exploit even the smallest crack or fissure you don't have to blow it to bits you'd have to weaken it enough for all of that pressure to push the dam away wallis turns to his own interest in naval history and a friend's expertise in the sport of cricket for a solution the idea is and it is taken from nelson's captains they used to fire a cannonball so that it skimmed off the water and would bounce and this is the principle to get the bomb to land right next to the masonry to blow its sky high and breach the dam but getting a bomb to bounce on water isn't easy early in the experiments with a bomb barnswell has discovered a problem when it hit the water it sank but you have to have a conversation with a colleague who was a member of a local cricket club and he pointed out that if you impart a back spin on a cricket ball it will bounce across the grass the question was therefore if you could get a back spin on the bomb would it bounce across the water [Music] if you spin it backwards not only will it give it the momentum to get close to the wall but it will stop it from then bouncing too far away from the wall before it explodes so it's perfect so he needs to transfer that concept from a tiny little cricket ball to a whopping great big bomb in 1942 wallace presents his idea to the government's scientific advisors and gets the green light to conduct aerial tests initial tests aren't necessarily great they have some where the bomb breaks up on hitting the water they have somewhere it just sinks like a stone and then eventually they managed to launch this bomb exactly the right height exactly the right time he finally gets it right because on the 23rd of january 1943 the bomb gets dropped at almost 300 miles an hour an incredibly low altitude of just 42 feet and it bounces 13 times and lands right on target but to duplicate that in combat conditions is going to be a real challenge they need to be able to release the bomb at a specific altitude and since this would be a nighttime raid they came up with a system of two lights directed down beneath the aircraft so that the crew simply looked down to where the two lights came together as one and that was the correct altitude for release but the particular nature of the bomb made transporting it difficult one problem with delivering the bomb is that there's only one aircraft that can do it all other aircraft available in the raf are too small to actually make the bomb rotate what you have to do is put a device below the bombay linked chains driven by a motor in the aircraft so that the bomb is rotating correctly at the correct speed only the lancaster had the capacity to fit this device the lancaster has a great long bombay so it can be adaptable to the longest and heaviest bombs so it can carry a huge load and deliver a huge load and it had one other unique feature which made it the perfect fit for the delivery mechanism this is the main spa which goes from wing tip to wind tip and passes through the center of gravity of the aircraft and it's speculation on my part but i would imagine the bomb would have been hung directly underneath the main spa because that would offer the greatest aircraft trim with which to carry the bomb safely so for the bouncing bomb to fly barnes wallace needs avro on his side so you have this key meeting on the 26th of february where wallace meets avro lancaster's designer roy chadwick and he asked him directly can you modify these lancasters without a pause chadwick looks at him and says you know what i can do it and all i need is vickers to handle the attachment arms and the driving mechanisms to spin up the bombs and then we can get it done tests of the new lancasters and the new bomb reveal the magnitude of the task ahead by the time it's ready to go upkeep the bouncing bomb weighs 9 000 pounds it needs to be spun up to 500 rotations per minute before it leaves the aircraft and that's not all in order to work properly the bomb is going to be dropped over water at a height of precisely 60 feet from an aircraft traveling at precisely 232 miles an hour that's not a lot of wiggle room you know it's a really big ass from the air crews and don't forget they're not doing it over a nice peaceful lake they're doing it while being fired upon by the germans to carry out this herculean mission the raf taps its most famous pilot wing commander guy gibson you know he may be young he's only in his early 20s but he's very experienced and he's exactly what the raf needs and he's called in and he's asked to put together a squadron of the very best air crews in britain gibson assembles his squadron in lincolnshire and he has them training on low-level flying in lancaster so first of all they're going all about the country at 200 feet and then perilously down to 150 feet which is not only exhilarating but pretty terrifying as well because there's no room for error right up to the last minute the crews are kept in the dark about their real target the ultimate test for the lancaster comes in spring 1943 on the 16th of may 1943 19 lancasters take off in three waves for operation chastise with the intention of destroying three dams in the rural valley to do that they take off from scams and in lincolnshire and they head out over the north sea and they're obviously going right into nazi germany for the raid to succeed accurate navigation was key we're in the navigator's crew station here and that navigator would have been shrouded in darkness behind a curtain and that's so that he could look at his maps with a light on internally in the aircraft but no light was emitted because that could be easily spotted by knight fighters coming up on the aircraft the navigator used dead reckoning so they were using map reading and compass bearings they'd have to fly at 200 feet right across the north sea basically below radar but anything else that goes wrong anyone makes a mistake there they're gone quickly okay uh where i'm stood this is where the flight engineers crew station is when he was facing forward he was looking after this half of the panel with which he was able to monitor flaps oxygen brakes that enabled the pilot the freedom to monitor his main instrument on what's known as the blind flying panel and there all the instruments that the pilot needs to fly the aircraft safely such as airspeed altitudes is artificial horizon and the pilot cannot be distracted because the approach to the dams is extremely treacherous in one case it's a steep wooded valley the approach is absolutely staggeringly dangerous the nazis of course know something might happen they've got anti-aircraft guns ready to try and shoot down any aircraft coming in to succeed the lancasters must fly absolutely straight into the teeth of enemy fire as soon as the bombers arrive in the area of the dams all of the anti-aircraft fire jumps into action so what the pilots are faced with is a terrifying run they have got to keep steady and keep true they can't dodge or anything they've got to fly straight through a gauntlet in order to reach the point where they need to drop their bombs this is because the bomb aimer can only do his job if the plane is flying straight and level the bomb aimed light in the prime position here and essentially lean on his elbows to operate all of the equipment in this position on the right of the bomb aimer's position you'll see that there's an instrument panel there and the bomb aimer would essentially program all the information required to drop the bombs as accurately as possible into there and the bombing computer would perform the calculations the aircraft could not peel off and get out the target area instead it had to continue flying straight and level for a prescribed period of time normally in excess of 30 seconds and the bombing computer would tell the f24 camera to take the photograph so at the exact moment that they burst the picture that's developed would show the bombs of this aircraft detonating you can only imagine their crew and the relief they felt when they could finally peel off and get out out of that area and it's gibson himself you know real leader amongst men and he's the one making the first run makes the first run drops the bomb and it fails to breach the down at this point gibson is concerned that the next attempt is going to be again distracted by german fire so what he decides to do is run the gauntlet again and fly alongside in order to protect and divert some of the german fire away from the lancaster attempting to drop the next bomb i mean that's seriously brave you know he's already flown into the jaws of death once and now he's gonna do it again the third and fourth runs don't work either and by this point six one seven squadron are starting to think that these bombs just don't work the lancaster comes in just as the german gunners are running out of ammunition drops its bomb bounces goes all the way up to the dam sinks below the water line and then nothing happens and then suddenly the dam simply collapses [Music] the first one has gone upkeep has worked at this point 100-yard breach opens up in the moan dam and water begins cascading down into the valley below but gibson knows the job is far from done two more dams have to be breached that night on the eder and sopa rivers it takes four runs to breach the eder dam but the sopa proves an impossible nut to crack the third down the saw dam is different and was always doubtful it's an earthen structure and it's always been a concern that the bomb was not powerful enough to um breach it it takes something like 10 passes to even get a target lock on it but even then it's unsuccessful and the dam isn't breached but two dams have been breached and millions of gallons of water are now roaring down the roar valley as planned basically the raid is a huge success and the floods are washing away roads and railways and bridges mines are flooded 11 factories completely destroyed more than 100 others damaged and you just got you know a huge devastating impact on steel production in the roar and that's dropped down to a quarter level of what it was before the raid by far the greatest impact of the raid is the loss of hydroelectric power you have two power stations wiped out and the germans admit that it hurts them i mean albert speer the armaments minister later admits that the sworper dam had been breached it would have been a complete disaster but even with just two dams down the raid was a disaster for us for many months those months would cover a critical turning point in the war when the nazis desperately needed to replenish their forces and while the dam busters grabbed the headlines britain's stalwart lancasters would continue relentlessly with the unglamorous job of pounding germany's industry to rubble the german economy goes into a tailspin because now strategic bombing is beginning to shut down the german economy through transportation and fuel so if you add all those together it plays an extremely important part in winning the second world war all of this together and aggregate produces a rapid unraveling of german industrial capability they can't produce the factories because they're being bombed on a regular basis and more and more rolling stock is being destroyed it's irreplaceable hitler's armaments minister finally has to admit defeat in january 1945 albert speer ran the numbers on what the bombing campaign had done to his factory schedules in 1944 he reckoned that germany had produced 35 percent fewer tanks 31 fewer planes and 42 fewer lorries due to bombing than it should have done that year to him it's the transportation attacks it's the attack on the railways and and the ability to move coal you know to fire the power plants and to move things around the good he believes this is devastating and in the sense he's right it's spare who comes to hitler at the end of january 45 and he says to him the war is over in the area of heavy industry and armaments we're done we can no longer fight now that's a kind of crippling admission you know this is a man who boasted that he could increase german industrial production threefold basically the bombers led by the lancaster have utterly defeated him the lancaster bombers get one last chance to strike at hitler just five days before the nazi fura takes his own life so on the 25th of april 45 you've got another great lancaster headline grabbing raid and they head for the oba salzburg which is hitler's mountain retreat now you know some people suggest that the reason for this attack is simply to show the germans once and for all that they're absolutely trounced it's clearly a great propaganda victory look it's all gone hitler's country retreat dead with hitler defeated and the war over avro's massive factories must now find new markets similar to the first world war avro after the second world war still had um you know a reduction in orders and contracts were stopped and so they had to look for commercial flight and passenger flight but it does take time to get into passenger aircraft there's no doubt about it but not long after the war um you know the cold war really gave another boost to the avro the avrov story if you like because the vulcan was being developed yes the war factory attitude held them in good stead avro's post-war jet bomber was the avro vulcan which relied a lot on the lessons that evro learnt during world war ii with the lancaster you think the lancaster has a big bombay you don't realize what big is until you stand underneath the vulcan and see the size of the bombay in that aeroplane so you've gone through an air pressured nuclear carrying delta wing aircraft that could fly at 57 000 feet and all that in less than 50 years from av's first flight in 1909. [Music] that is a testament to roy chadwick but roy unfortunately never saw the fruition of it he was killed in 1947 in a crash just 300 yards from here in 1963 the avro name disappears as the company was absorbed into hawker sidley aviation but the memory of its vital contribution to the war lives on you only have to look at the statistics of the lancaster to realize that it was the kind of symbol of how brilliant british war factories had been and actually you know without the help of the trustee lancaster of course hitler's war factories would never have been destroyed this educational air franc is a tribute to 55 573 volunteer airmen lost flying on bomber command world war ii indeed could not have been won without the efforts of lancaster serving on bomber command which really sums up the reason why bomber harris called it a shining sword people always celebrate the spitfire and the hurricane but let's not forget the lancaster is surely just as iconic and actually in a way was more of a war winner than those other two planes [Music] you

Channel: Timeline - World History Documentaries

Views: 189,845

Keywords: History, Full Documentary, Documentaries, Full length Documentaries, Documentary, TV Shows - Topic, Documentary Movies - Topic, 2017 documentary, BBC documentary, Channel 4 documentary, history documentary, documentary history, ww2, raf, britain ww2, great britain ww2, lancaster bomber, the lancaster, war production, ww2 documentary

Id: bVSzlp-xxZk

Length: 43min 59sec (2639 seconds)

Published: Sat Oct 02 2021