Norway, the land of the
midnight sun is filled with mountains, glaciers,
fjords, and electric vehicles. A lot of them. The Scandinavian country
boasts the highest EV adoption rate in the
world. More than 82% of new car sales were
electric vehicles last year, and that number
goes up to over 90% if you include plug in hybrids. Our goal is that all new
cars by 2025 will be zero emission vehicles. We
think we're going to reach that goal. In the U.S., a measly 7.6%
of new car sales were electric in 2023, up from
5.9% in 2022. In the world's largest
auto market, China, 24% of new car sales were EVs in
2023. Norway's capital, Oslo,
is also electrifying its ferries, busses, semi
trucks and even construction equipment. All public transportation
within the end of this year will be zero
emission in the city. Gas pumps and parking
meters are being replaced by chargers. It's an
electric utopia of the future. What is this? Welcome to
my man cave. So how is Norway's grid
been able to handle all those EVs? A lot of
hydropower. Electric cars is maybe a
third of the price of gasoline. Because we have
close to 100% hydropower. It's cheap. It's
available and renewable. So that's a big
advantage. The rapid expansion
certainly hasn't been perfect. There are some side
effects that we have to observe. We are pushing
cars basically on the public. So there has been
an increase in the total amount of cars bought. We want the change, but
maybe not at this pace or this volume. So how did Norway pull off
such a high EV adoption rate, and what can the
U.S. Learn from the country?
We flew across the globe to meet with experts,
government officials and locals to find out. We flew into Oslo Airport
and picked up our electric rental car. I'm here
picking up my rental car, and I've never seen so
many electric cars in a rental hub before. iX3,
my first time driving an EV. Let's see how this
goes. The first thing that was
noticeable as we were driving was the lack of
tailpipes on the cars on the road. Tesla is the
most popular brand on the roads in Norway, with a
20% market share in 2023. We saw them everywhere. The Tesla Model Y was the
most sold car in the country last year,
followed by the Volkswagen ID.4 and the Skoda Enyaq. All zero emission electric
cars, they have license plates that start with E,
so it's always easy to spot them. California has the highest
EV adoption rate in the U.S. 21.5% of new car
sales were electric in 2023, a figure that has
doubled in the past two years. But Norway made
California look like it was in the dark ages. There are chargers
everywhere. The streets are quiet in Oslo. The
air is pleasantly free of fumes. There's been a
noticeable improvement to the air quality in the
city. Yeah, it is so around 20%
reduction of local pollution. It was actually noticeable
when a gas powered car sputtered by. We did find
a few people who still drove gas powered cars. Some couldn't afford to
buy a new car, and others still couldn't get past
range anxiety for long trips. Despite the
abundance of chargers. I need to have a Land
Rover because I'm going to the mountain and that's,
uh, a little bit too long for the electric car
because I also have electric car for use in
city, but not for mountain. But most people we spoke
with were on their second or even third EV already. I've been driving electric
cars since 2012. We just got a new one
that's a Tesla and, uh, very, very happy with it. We have two electric cars
at home. Anything you miss about
driving a gas powered car? No, no, actually, no,
because it was so expensive. Like when I
see the gas prices, I'm like, God damn, it's so
expensive these days. So no, actually I'm not
looking back. Why is Norway so far ahead
of the rest of the world? When it comes to electric
vehicle adoption? There is a combination of
a lot of different policy measures that has taken
place over the last 20 years. We started off
actually in 1990, first measure. We had the
Olympic Games in Norway in 1994. So some of the
producers wanted to introduce electric
vehicle cars by then. There was this car
called, Think, which was really, really small, and
it was made basically a joke back in the day
because no one really wanted it. Think never actually took
off and the company was eventually sold to Ford. The whole parliament
agreed on that there is some kind of public
responsibility to push forward the green
mobility. And we set a goal for
2025 that all new passenger cars should be
zero emission. And when you have set a
goal like that, you have to put some incentives to
make it work. We started off by having a
zero registration tax, and then the biggest measure
we introduced was zero value added tax. So in Norway there's a
25% value added tax for every item you purchase. But reducing that to zero
for the EVs had a massive impact. But despite of
all these measures, nothing really happened. Nothing happened because
EVs were not readily available then. But it
all started to change when Tesla and others started
selling EVs in the country. So we've seen a vast
increase in the last ten years. So now eight out
of ten new cars are zero emission vehicles. The
remaining 20% is plug in hybrid and some few
petrol cars as well. So if you want to buy a
new car in Norway, there's very high taxes on
polluting cars. But for zero emission
cars, they are exempt. So that made EVs cheaper
or the same price as a similar petrol or diesel
car. And we also have discount
if you drive through the toll roads with an EV,
free parking in some cities, and also driving
in the bus lanes, is also a very popular incentive
for EVs. Peter Haugneland is the
Assistant Secretary General of the Norwegian
EV Association, which launched back in 1995 to
support consumers in the transition. We have over 50 employees
now, have a call center for EV owners, especially
the new ones. They need help how to do
this. How do the subsidies work? When you go to purchase a
car, is there a lot of paperwork or is it just a
cheaper price when you purchase a car? You don't have to do
anything, you just pay the price, so it's really
easy. The electrical car will be
cheaper to purchase. It's cheaper to use. So the electrical bill is
smaller than the bill for diesel and petrol. So this has to be the
main goal, to make it easy to choose and cheaper to
choose. Have there been any
negative consequences to this plan so far, maybe
something unexpected that has come up? I think this is a great
success. We have changed the
preferences for the public and for the user and also
from the market. So I've been asked this
question before, but I can't think of anything. But Syrstad did mention
that on top of more cars being on the road than
ever before, another consequence has been more
people are now choosing to drive their EVs instead
of taking public transportation. People rather choose to go
by car into the city than by bus. So there has been
some local adjustments when it comes to the
price of traveling by public transport, making
it cheaper so it can compete with the zero
emission vehicles. Where's the money coming
from? This is public spending. So it's from the state
budget. What's the annual expense
for the government for these incentives? It's a less and less, but
I think it's about 40 billion NOK yearly. So far they've spent about
$20 billion and we're still spending about $4
billion a year. So there's $1,000 per
inhabitant, or $800 per inhabitant, in terms of
subsidizing electric car purchases, which is quite
a lot. You get an S-Class for
the same price as you get in medium sized sort of
economy car that runs with an internal combustion
engine. Norway is a wealthy
country, and much of that wealth has come from its
robust oil and gas industry. Norway is
western Europe's largest oil and gas exporter, and
the industry is expected to make up 24% of the
nation's GDP in 2024. The gas export has
increased over the last years due to the war in
Ukraine, and it's very important for Norway to
be a stable energy partner with our neighboring
countries in Europe that suddenly experience a
drop in the supply from Russia. But Norway also,
we have our goal 55% reduction of emissions in
2030 compared to 1990. That's the same goal as
total in the European Union. Well, that's
something the oil industry also knows. So they are
planning on what next, what's the new type of
energy they will produce. So we have now a massive
plan for wind production on the Norwegian
continental shelf. So we're all working with
this transition year by year with the same goal
in 2030. We have a lot of
discussion about the oil industry in Norway. The
Norwegian government has said that we will go for
electric cars anyway. The discussions are
decoupled and we see now with almost a quarter of
all cars in Norway are fully electric now. Also,
the demand for petrol and diesel is going down. That might be also a wake
up call for the global oil industry, that maybe the
future is not bright for them. Norway took its oil wealth
and it just did not spend it. We put it into the
world's biggest investor, which is called Norges
Bank Investment Management and owns 2% of most
companies in the world. So we've been pretty good
at sort of thinking long term about those things. Birger Steen is the CEO of
Freyr, a battery company that is part of the
energy transition in the country. Freyr is
building a Giga Arctic factory in the northern
part of Norway, as well as a battery factory outside
of Atlanta, Georgia. The first application of
our batteries would be in the power grid. So the
solar power plants as well as wind power plants. Our hope in the battery
industry is that when it comes to the IRA, with
the Inflation Reduction Act, it's actually the
U.S. that's leading the way in thinking of long
term and what it takes to to sort of stimulate the
market to function better. And so we hope that both
the European governments and the Norwegian
governments are going to do that as well as the
Americans have. Would you say that the
environment is a very important piece to why
people are buying electric vehicles here, or is it
the the price of the cars? I don't think Norwegians
are more environmentally concerned than other
people. So it's the economic that
is the most important. Climate emissions is of
course a nice bonus and also important for our
small group of people. What would you say the
next couple of years will look like as far as
getting to the final stretch of meeting the
100% goal? The remaining parts is the
plug in hybrids. The Parliament has asked
for removing all the benefits for those, so it
will be treated as a normal petrol car in the
tax system. So Norway made EVs quite a
bit cheaper than gas cars. But what about charging?
It subsidized that at first as well. In the early days, it was
heavily subsidized. Not so much nowadays,
there are some rural areas where you might be able
to get some some subsidies from the government.
That's been very helpful to get the charging
infrastructure up and going. Bernt Otto Fjellestad is a
project manager at Mer Norway, one of the
largest fast charging companies in the country. It has installed more
than 35,000 fast chargers throughout Europe. Tesla
is another one of the largest charging
companies in the country. It launched Europe's
first supercharger network in Norway over a decade
ago. Did Tesla build out the
supercharging network before the other
companies? They have been really
helping growing the market share for EVs in Norway
as well. We had Elon Musk visiting
a couple of times in Norway, but of course it
was just recently that they opened up their
network for other cars. So now it has been really
also beneficial for non-tesla owners to use
superchargers. We went on a charging
safari while we were in Norway, and saw firsthand
what these partnerships look like. We met with Stian Mathisen
from Recharge as well, one of the largest charging
companies in Norway with more than 2,600 charge
points in the country. Why do you think
McDonald's agrees to have charging on site? Well, it's kind of
interesting because all of a sudden they are
competing with the, what used to be called gas
stations, but now we call them energy stations in
Norway. And they're in a whole
new market, they can sell energy to cars as well as
energy for people and food. Retailers are also
involved, hoping that folks make some purchases
while their car is charging. We saw a
massive charging station at an Ikea in Oslo. How much did this station
cost to build? This one in particular is
kind of, it's so big. So it's easier to sort of
talk about the smaller locations, but a smaller
site will maybe cost somewhere around the
equivalent of $200,000. But it depends a lot on
how many charging points you're going to put up
and especially how much power you're going to
need from the grid, because that's kind of a
big X factor. The grid install can be
very costly. Is Recharge a profitable
company? We have investors that put
a lot of money into our company. And investing in
infrastructure is very capital intensive. So we have been building
a lot over a course of more than ten years, but
our owners believe that we are going to be a
profitable company. That's why they invest in
us. What would you say came
first in Norway, all the chargers or all the
electric vehicles? Yeah, chicken or egg? It's the cars that came
first in Norway. We didn't have any
support for charging almost. Of course, the
first movers, they charged at home. So that's also,
of course, the most common way to to fill up your
electric car, to charge at home. I only charge maybe
twice a month or something on fast charges. Of
course, if you live in an apartment building, then
you maybe be more dependent on fast
charging. But it's also more expensive to fast
charge. So the best is to charge
at home. When they first started
rolling out EVs here, the people that lived in
apartments were complaining that there
wasn't great charging options for them. So the
city of Oslo has put in chargers like this all
around town, as well as in parking garages all
around town also. Welcome to my man cave. Actually, we built this
in 2017. It's a bomb shelter and
still is, from the Cold War. '50s, but we
actually converted it. Only EVs are allowed
here. I think it was actually
the first parking garage in Europe reserved for
EVs only. So you can see all the way
here, it's up to 86 cars, which can charge at the
same time. Sture Portvik has been the
manager of Electromobility for Oslo since 2014. Oslo has been a European
leader when it comes to EV infrastructure. It's
experimenting with parking spots that charge your
car. It converted all city busses to electric. It's
working on electrifying construction machinery
and semi trucks, and it also has installed more
than 2,000 public chargers in the city. Who has paid for all this? The city acted as a first
mover, so we had to step out and put up chargers. At that time, charging
was for free, so of course the city paid a little
bit. But we see now that now
you have to pay a small user fee, and that means
that it's not actually the tax payer. It's paid by
user payments, but a little over time. Oslo also electrified its
fleet of ferries. It's the first city in
Europe where all public transportation is zero
emission. So I love these ships. They are used by millions
of passengers every year. It's charging as we speak
and it takes around five minutes because it's
charging on 3.5MW. And that is pretty fast,
million watt. I'm curious, was it a
challenge to install these large chargers on the
docks? Definitely. The building
behind us is actually a converted fisherman's
office. We stripped out
everything and it's actually now working as a
big net station to be able to provide that amount of
capacity that is needed. It's a lot of batteries
and a lot of electronics. And yes, they are
expensive, but the fuel itself is based on
hydropower, 100% renewable and zero emission, and
far cheaper than diesel. So in the long run, this
is also a good business case for the public
transportation company. How long has Norway relied
on hydropower for energy? Approximately 120 years or
something like that. Very glad we have
hydropower because it works as a battery
towards all the other energy sources that are
more variable according to weather, if it's sun or
windy. The wind capacity, we are planning to invest
in in Norway, we'll double our power production by
2040. How does it work with the
utility companies when you're building out a new
site? When we're building out a
new site, we have to get an agreement with the
landowner to be able to to use that location. We
also need to have approval from the authorities. The
electrical infrastructure in many areas are already
quite overloaded, so it's becoming more and more
difficult to to get the amount of electricity we
need. But the grid companies
are working along us and we're trying to find the
best solutions. The demands for the grid
will ever increase. It is not something that
has been, you know, prohibitive in any way so
far. But yes, it requires
additional investment. Yes, it will get harder
and harder to get grid connection to where we
actually need it. Gas stations, now called
energy stations in Norway, are getting involved in
seeing the benefit of installing chargers. Is it actually the gas
station company, Circle K, that paid to put these
chargers in? Yeah. So the fast charging
market is more or less fully commercial market. Circle K is one of the
big fast charging companies in Norway and
also the biggest gasoline chain in Norway. Are they going to be able
to make as much money from charging as they did from
gas? Well, they don't have a
big profit on gas either. Mostly it's also the
convenience store where they sell food and coffee
and drinks. That's also, of course,
more relevant for EV owners because when they
charge, it takes more time than filling up a tank of
gas. So maybe they stay here
for 20, 30 minutes. They can make money there
as well. There's a company called
Certus that runs this Esso station. We have a deal
with them that we split the costs 50/50 for the
whole installation here, but then we also split
the income 50/50. The gas stations are
diversifying with deals like this because fuel
demand from passenger cars has fallen more than 20%
in Norway since 2016. So they are putting up
fast chargers as well because they want the
customers, they want them to go inside, buy the
hamburgers and the Cokes and things like that,
because that's where the margins are. But reliability of
chargers has been an issue. Some say there
isn't range anxiety in Norway, but instead
there's charging anxiety. What has been the biggest
complaint from electric vehicle owners would you
say? It has been charging queue
and chargers not working. Now the market is more
mature, so it's less of a problem. Still happens,
but not as often. Now it's the payment
systems that are like the biggest pain, that you
have to download an app or different payment
solutions for every company. So it can be a
bit confusing, especially for new EV owners. Is there a way to do it
without downloading an app? We experience charging
anxiety the first time we tried charging our rental
EV. We first went to a Tesla
Supercharger station near Oslo's airport. In
Norway, Tesla chargers are supposed to work for all
EVs, but we tried multiple ports and couldn't get
any of them to charge our car. I just tried two
different superchargers. These are the brand new
v4's and I couldn't get it to work. We gave up on
the Tesla chargers and went to a nearby recharge
station instead. But at first, we couldn't
get that to work either. I think I'll probably have
to get off the phone to download the app.
Luckily, the customer service agent spoke
English and we had to download a new app in
order to get the charger to work. The U.S. is making the same
mistake with chargers. Each charging company has
their own apps, their own payment methods. But it needs to be as
easy as pumping gas in order to achieve mass
adoption. Norway is working on
improving this with regulations. Now the big problem is to
get access to charging because you can't pay
with a credit card here, you need to download an
app for every company. And now, finally, we're
also starting to install regular card payment
terminals, like credit card or payment card
terminals. We know a lot of people
have been waiting for those. There's regulation
both at the EU level, which means that all the
countries in the EU need to have card payment
terminals on their chargers going forward. And also Norway has put
in place its own regulation, which is even
stricter when it comes to deadlines for when this
needs to happen. Once we did get it to
work, I was pleasantly surprised how quickly the
DC fast charger filled up the car. Just finished charging. We charged the car to
about 70%. It only took 15 minutes
or so. It went really fast, so
that was pretty impressive. Once we
actually got the charging to work, it worked really
well and went really fast. Very simple, in Norway
it's so practical. You can charge anywhere. So we have a charger in
our house. My husband can charge at
his work. I can charge it there
too. Tesla launched its new
fast V4 superchargers in Norway before the U.S. We visited one that had
just opened. What do you think of these
new V4 chargers? Yeah that's amazing. Yeah, that's incredible. It goes so fast. You're staying for ten
minutes and suddenly you have like the possibility
to drive for two hours. That's phenomenal. It's
faster than getting fuel in your car. I'm really
happy with the Tesla. I save a lot of time using
Tesla, because before Tesla, the other car I
was driving, I used to charge three, four times
per day. But now, sometimes I use
to charge one time with just ten minutes of my
time. So I save a lot of time
with Tesla. Anything you missed about
driving a gas car? No. You see, nowadays it's
very cheap electricity. And it's the network for
charging is very, very good. Often in the summer
I go in north Sweden and north of Norway. My
family is there. It's very good. We spent a week in Norway
and there were a few moments where we felt
range anxiety. We drove out to the
countryside and didn't spot any chargers along
the way. Hopefully our battery
lasts us because it feels a little sparse out here. The other time we felt
range anxiety was on the way back to the airport
at the end of our trip. Note to rental car
companies, it should not be a requirement to
return a car fully charged. This is not
convenient for travelers that can't charge at
home. Do you ever have range anxiety? Not anymore. I used to,
because I was one of the first that bought a
Nissan Leaf, the first generation. And I loved
that car. But of course the range
wasn't easy. Especially in the winter
time. I used it to the cabin
and one time I had to top off the battery three
times with fast charging. But today, it's really
not a problem, so no worries anymore. A lot of people don't
think electric vehicles are very great in the
winter. What do you have to say about that? Well, they are better
because you can preheat them so you can come to a
warm car. Cozy car. Of course, the
battery is, when it's cold, it's not as
efficient. But with bigger batteries
now, preheated batteries, better charging
infrastructure, it's not a problem. I've heard the battery
drains faster in the cold. Yeah, that's true. Of
course, you cannot drive the same amount of
stretches. I would say that if your car handles
like 400km in the summer, it's probably not more
than 320km in the winter. That's the way it is. But
you have to plan a little bit more, but it's really
not a problem. How is it in the winter? No, really good, because
it's so heavy. So you're able to get to
your cabin either way. Because that was
something, because my parents have a cabin,
that was my main worries we had before driving
Tesla. But since it's so heavy,
it goes so well. Now that it's close to
it's 100% adoption goal, Norway is considering
making some changes to the incentives. EV drivers
use to get access to the bus lanes, but the bus
lanes became so crowded with EVs that they
changed it to EV carpools only now. There are some rolling
back on the subsidies that are in place for the use
of EVs, especially when it comes to the use of the
public lanes. The discount for parking,
discount for use of ferries, and discount on
road tolls. These are gradually being
phased down, and eventually they will be
probably phased out because the electric
vehicle car is the new normal. We have this CO2 tax, but
of course when you get to 80% market share, then
you don't sell a lot of polluting cars and you
don't get a lot of CO2 tax. So then you have to
lower the incentives for EVs as well. But of
course the technology is getting better. The
production price is going down. Again today, you
don't need as high incentives as we did ten
years ago. Has there been an issue
with more wear and tear on the roads since the cars
are heavier? That is more a question
when it comes to exemptions from taxes and
so on, because more and more people are arguing
that also the electrical vehicles have to pay
their fair share of that. When we are fully
electrical, of course, electrical vehicles have
to pay their fair share amount of using the
roads. Has there been an issue
with batteries degrading over time? And I am
curious if there's a plan in place when an electric
vehicle reaches its end of life. Is there battery
recycling that happens here in Norway? There is a European plan
for recycling batteries and some projects also in
Norway where you can hand in the batteries. There are common EU
regulation for recycling of batteries, and this is
an important aspect for the way ahead, because we
want EV vehicles to have a long life span in Norway. Norway has a robust used
EV market as well, and everyone we spoke to said
the batteries hold up well over time. This is a used Tesla? Yes. This is from 2014. Is there a big used EV
market here in Norway? Yes. It's very many
electric cars. You bought this in 2017? Yes. Okay, great. Yea that's a long time. I drove 200,000km and the
battery is, I checked it was just 3.5% missing
kilometers. Not bad. No, that's not
bad. But you have to take care
of the, don't charge too much. I never charge more
than 80%. What would you say to
someone who says that electric cars are just as
bad for the environment as gas powered cars? This argument is the
reason we don't want to rush the transition more
than necessary. So that's why we are
concerned about, the high volume of sales. That we've been pushing
cars maybe too much, and the number of cars,
increasing. And we want people to use
the old car for its entire lifespan. We definitely
can see the different environmental aspects of
producing cars itself. It's a consumption that
has its negative aspects on the environment. We
need to take into account when changing the
policies going ahead. And like the U.S., Norway
has its share of EV skeptics as well. We still have a lot of
skeptics for EVs, both internationally and in
Norway as well. They are climate
skeptics, the EV skeptics. And they have a lot of
myths about EVs, the fire hazard, where the energy
comes from, the production emissions and so on. So we have still have
those discussions all the time, even in Norway. With all these electric
vehicles, have fires been a problem? No, we have the big car
fire parking garage a few years ago, and there was
some rumors that it was an electric car that started
the fire, and then the whole media went amok. But eventually, it was
not an EV that started the fire. It was an old
petrol car. But of course, a lot of
EVs were, in park there, but the fire didn't
spread to the batteries. Has there been any issues
with fires? Not here, no. None
whatsoever. But of course, if an EV
burns, it will burn for a long time, but it will
not be explosions and stuff like that that you
have in a gasoline car. Norway is approximately
the size of New Mexico in square miles. And with a
population of 5.5 million, it has a similar
population as South Carolina, so it is hard
to compare the United States and Norway. But
there are some big takeaways. Charging today in the
U.S., in Europe, in Norway is still way too
difficult for end users. It doesn't always work.
It's very often cumbersome. You have to
run around with different apps. These are things
that, top down, in a region, in a country, can
be regulated in a way that it's benefiting the
consumer without interfering with the free
market environment. Standardization is
important for the industry and also for the users. For DC charging, for a
long, long time you had CHAdeMO, the ancient type
of DC fast chargers. And you had CCS, like the
European standard. And Tesla had their own. And now it's more and
more merging, and more and more one standard. And I think that's
extremely important. What's the biggest lesson
you have for the United States when it comes to
electric vehicles? I say go for it, but you
need to have the charging infrastructure so you can
actually travel as far as you want, not being
afraid of running out of power in the middle of
nowhere. So the government should help the
infrastructure for charging to a certain
level, and then it will be commercially viable after
a while. So do that first nudge
and then everything will start working by itself
after a while. What's something Norway
can teach the United States when it comes to
EV adoption? Well, focus on the cars,
to get people to buy the cars it has to be
economicly beneficial. And again, we are
electrifying ferries, busses, everything in
Norway. Now the thing is the big
trucks. Still some challenges but
it looks quite promising. What mistakes have been
made over the years? What are some lessons
that you've learned? Well, there has been
mistakes. I have to be honest about
that. But I think you always
have to try, but in small scale and you have to try
different technology. If that is your approach,
you are destined to make small mistakes. It is new technology. It's a new evolving
ecosystem. So there are unavoidable lessons
learned, in that respect. So that's a bit of a
forward leaning statement towards other countries.
Make sure that if you want to build a charging
station, the construction permit is there on time.
If you want to equip that charging station with
sufficient power, make sure that there's a
process at the DSO level. So the distribution
system operator, that can handle such a request
very swiftly. And then on the
technology side, be aware that if there are
different technology providers, not all of
that hardware, software, etc. is a plug and play
state. So they all need to come
together to make it work. And that's a learning,
not only in Norway, but everywhere we build
charging infrastructure. Any misconceptions about
electric vehicles you want to clear up? Well, a lot of people
think of electric cars and charging the same way
that they think of a gasoline or diesel car
and fueling it up, and that you have to come
here to our charging station to get energy. But that's really not how
it works. About 90% of charging
happens at home, so it's not quite the same as
having to go to a gas station to fill up your
car. You usually have a car
that's fully charged in the morning at your
house, and then you stop to charge with us when
you absolutely have to. Anything you miss about
having a gas powered car? No not really. I've been driving an
electric for more than eight years now, and
it's, there's no going back. What kind of car do you
drive? Well, I have two cars. One a Kia EV6, Korean
one, and I have one Jeep Adventure, which is 100%
electric as well. So you don't have a gas
powered car at all? Never again, I promise
you.
