How Is Glass Processed - Tempered Glass Manufacturing | Glass Factory

mass production glass comes in large multimeter panels they are brought to a glass factory in special trucks those are literally bottomless otherwise the glass panels would not fit into the trucks the glass is here what next next it's stacked in such an assembled fashion onto these racks they are called pyramids well for their external appearance the point is that the glass rests on them in a tilted fashion forming sort of a triangle on both sides hence the name foreign [Music] s are sent from the warehouse to the workbench using a cup gripper [Music] compressed air is supplied through the bottom openings and several hundred kilo heavy plates of glass ride over the surface like on a butter slide foreign [Music] the glass is cut by an automatic machine in a pre-programmed pattern but the principle is the same as when you want to cut the glass manually that is with a Diamond Cutter head [Music] a sharp edge is formed where the glass was cut a separate machine grinds the cuts giving them a trapezoid or rounded shape it is not only about beauty such processing removes fissures generated on the glass edges during its mechanical cutting roughly speaking if the edges are not removed small vibrations may cause the glass to crack besides that the glass becomes safe that is you can't cut yourself on it by any stretch even if you press hard after this part of the glass is sent to production sites for example it is used to make insulating glass units for Windows the other part is additionally toughened this is a furnace cut pieces of glass are sent there and cooled on exit this results in nothing short of tempered glass the temperature of glass released from the furnace is around 700 degrees and Powerful ventilators start cooling it here this is the very moment when the material attains new features there are exactly two of them firstly tempered glass is harder to break than normal secondly if tempered glass does break it does not leave large yards behind only small ones which are difficult to cut oneself on so a high wire act Hot or Not not after tempering the glass is only warmish and doesn't burn the hand anymore another type of glass strong and safe at the same time is Triplex glass or multi-layer glass it is manufactured as follows a polymer film is placed between two sheets of glass [Music] well this is the very same film for multi-layer glass it's rather strong and surprise surprise opaque but after processing read gluing such glass sheets together the film becomes transparent when multi-layer glass is damaged it does not fall to pieces all of them are retained by the polymer film we will show how all the three types of glass behave during destruction the normal the tempered and the multi-layered but that's a little later [Music] coming up next why can't Prince Rupert's glass drops be broken by a hammer but literally explode if their thin tail is pinched off how Modern Glass is tested for strength and our experiment a hammer and a sledgehammer versus normal and toughened glass like they say whose side wins [Music] thank you [Music] 17th century nobility was excited at this sort of glass knick-knack due to their shape they were called Dutch tears or Prince Rupert's drops after the Duke of faults who lived in the 17th century he had brought them as a gift for the English Monarch and the latter handed them over to the Royal Society so why are these glass drops so peculiar foreign we made Rupert's drops after an old and by the way one secret technology in practice there is no special trick all that is needed is molten glass and water the glass is simply poured into the water and after it cools down you get these small Spirals and tadpoles so what are they unique for apart from their unusual shape for example this they are exceptionally strong such a violent blow would ruin a diamond the hardest material in nature and here you have glass so what is the cause of such hardness [Music] it's all about the method used to produce Prince Rupert's drops when the molten glass drips into the water the top layer quickly hardens and shrinks and it starts pressing against the yet warm core the core in its turn presses back a sort of tug of war begins in the drop on a molecular level the external layer presses against the core the ladder presses against the external layer this results in a powerful compression of the material's top layer and the internal parts are in a stretched State this makes the glass drop short of being stronger than steel still if you damage its shell at the thinnest spot around the tail the hidden energy will be released and the drop will literally explode from the inside [Music] thank you now look we pinch off the thin tail of a Prince Rupert drop and bang like a grenade with a pin pulled out [Music] now in super slow motion It is Well visible that the destruction starts at the tail the spot where we broke the drop the destruction rate is over 1.5 kilometers per second almost 6 000 kilometers per hour five times the speed of sound in Earth's atmosphere [Music] good the same principle holds good for the so-called bologna bottles shatterproof tumblers and bottles they are tempered I.E first heated and then quickly cooled down this yields strong glassware [Music] but once a metal object is placed inside and shaken [Music] the bottle will explode to pieces [Music] as it turns out each strength has its Achilles heel [Music] [Applause] [Music] thank you coming up in the final part we'll show how glass is tested for strength and we'll do an experiment ourselves a hammer and a sledgehammer versus ordinary glass in the program experiment foreign we've already seen the making of glass we have learned that its basic component is sand and if needed almost any sand will suit even the sand from a playground you've learned how glass is tempered and toughened and that even very strong glass items can explode but how is glass tested in a production environment [Music] each lot of tempered glass at factories is subjected to a strength test a four kilogram steel sphere is dropped on a sheet fixed in a frame from the height of 3 6 and 9 meters the sample May survive or crack but in any case it should be able to retain the sphere this experiment has a practical value to make sure the glass will not be broken through for instance by a stone thrown by a vandal [Music] [Music] one more mandatory test is a side hit with this 50 kilogram punch bag packed with lead pellets [Music] a human will most likely not suffer from a collision with tempered glass apart from maybe getting a sizeable bump this is of course if the glass sheet was tempered correctly we have decided to take it a step further and arrange a really extreme test for the glass [Music] so this is normal or as they say here raw glass not toughened in any way it is used in apartment houses or greenhouses I'll hit it with a metal hammer it seems to me it's a foregone conclusion but it would be interesting to see the details and nuances okay I'm hitting everyone ready yes [Music] foreign no surprises so far of course normal glass has no chances against a hammer well we've shown what was required large shards now if I hadn't removed my hand I could have even hurt myself and what about tempered glass the one that can withstand a Blow by a steel sphere can it be broken as easily this glass will be somewhat thicker eight millimeters such tempered glass is used in vehicles and in construction I'll try to make a strike approximately equal to the previous one let's see what happens [Music] and nothing happens well I guess I need to hit it harder I obviously need a heavier Hammer let's change the tool this is a 1250 gram hammer and I'll try to hit the same glass as strong as I can though I do feel a bit scared foreign [Music] the glass survived except for some small fragments hmm no damage apart from a minor scratch a tough thing but I haven't used all my Arsenal yet this duel is twice the weight of the previous one 2 500 grams but I hope the glass will succumb on the third try everyone ready yes [Music] no use the blow makes the glass Shake bounce and that's all it's the same mechanism as in Prince Rupert's drops the internal layer of tempered glass presses against the external one and strengthens it now is a mockery all right time to bring out the big guns duck so almost four kilograms of course it all looks absurd but we go ahead okay I am hitting [Music] foreign [Applause] it looks like a bomb shock wave the glass shatters into hundreds of pieces the impact zone is several meters around [Music] [Applause] showed what we had to do this is one of the largest shards seriously is everyone okay no one hurt but no one is hurt the tempered glass like the prince Rupert's drop persisted for a long time and then shattered yielding no sharp edges that is why such glass is used in vehicles in an accident the fragments will not cut anyone and finally the triplex glass so this is multi-layer glass it has two tempered sheets four millimeters each and a 0.76 film between them this type of glass is also considered safe but when broken behaves differently from everything we saw before [Music] to speed up the process we'll start right with the sledgehammer for more hitting power I'm not even sure how to grip it more comfortably one two three and here it is a very characteristic Behavior we have fragments but almost nothing has fallen down the multi-layer glass simply hung on the film this is why the polymer inlay is needed [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] what conclusion can be drawn from our studies probably this one there are no ordinary materials each one has its own unique properties we have shown just a small part of them in our program so let's wait for further experiments [Applause] [Music] [Music] [Music]

Channel: Science

Views: 1,336,916

Keywords: glass production, how glass is made, glass manufacturing, technology, Glass Manufacturing Process, what is glass, Durability glass test, How Strong Is Glass, glass structure, nature of glass, bulletproof glass, glass factory, tempered glass, multilayer glass, breaking glass, Prince Rupert's Drops, hammer vs glass, tempered glass vs regular glass, glass breaking slow mo, how to make glass, glass explained, glass production line, how is glass made, process of glass making

Id: joGN1zrJJ6o

Length: 19min 9sec (1149 seconds)

Published: Sun Mar 12 2023