- [Female Narrator] This channel is part of the History Hit Network. (invigorating music) - [Narrator] At the Dawn of the Space Age during the 1950s and sixties, it was generally assumed
that by the 21st century, we would be eating our food in pill form. And yet here we are, still shopping at the farmer's
market for fresh produce. Dieticians may be able
to accurately measure the nutritional value of a tomato, but somehow a vitamin
pill is no substitute. You may be surprised at just how much of our
techniques in agriculture, horticulture, and fishing have remained essentially
unchanged since ancient times. There was a lot more to
ancient farming and fishing than loaves and fish, grapes and figs. As long as the human race
needs to feed itself, these early footprints of
civilization will remain. (whooshing tone) (invigorating music) In many ways, we have it so easy. We pick out what we want to eat and drink as we cruise the supermarket
aisles or surf the net. it's all there packaged and labeled, even delivered right to the door. Still, it can be tough
putting food on the table. Just talk to your ancestors from tens of thousands of years ago. They could tell you a thing
or two about hardship. Early humans may not have had
much variety in their diet, but they survived, though
the odds were against them. - We have many lessons to
learn from the ancient world. Imagine for example,
their water management and how they succeed in growing products. - Greatest probably
innovation in agriculture took place in the Mediterranean in fact, and mostly in the Eastern
part of the Mediterranean, that is Western Asia, when grains were domesticated. - So it's still very important
today, yes, of course. I mean, it's becoming
increasingly important. Agriculture is still important because we are taking and
receiving from agriculture all that we use for our leading basically. - [Narrator] And the
beginnings of agriculture mark the beginnings of civilization. - The connection between
literature and farming on the developments in
agriculture are fascinating. We have a whole series of early literature that is based around the
shepherd, for example, and the shepherds produce
the shepherd's day. - [Narrator] To understand the impact of ancient agriculture, we must first travel to
a time before history. It would be quite a journey
from early hunter gatherers, to the food orgies of ancient Rome. But these footprints of
civilization are with us every day. Planet earth. According to the United Nations, they're around 7.6 billion
people on our blue green planet. That's a lot of hungry mouths to feed. Worldwide production of
grain in 2017 to 2018 came to about 12.38 million metric tons. That's a stupendously
large bowl of cereal. Modern methods of grain production use advanced agricultural equipment, irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticide. (airplane whirring) (fertilizer spraying) (machine whirring) And to think it all began with someone planting the first seed. - [Female Narrator] If you love history, then you'll love History Hit. We have tons of exclusive documentaries about the most important people in history that you will not find anywhere else. Whether you're looking to
dive into life and crime in Victorian London, the lessons that can be
learned from the Middle Ages, or the forgotten history
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"absolutehistory: at checkout. (birds chirping) - [Narrator] Europe
around 40,000 years ago. To get here, early homo sapiens had to traverse a great distance, having come out of Africa. It's estimated that as few as only 10,000 completed the track. The rest had not survived
the perilous journey. Once they got to the new lands, there were new challenges to face. Our ancestors had to compete
with other primate species for the territories of Eurasia, like homo erectus and Neanderthal man. As they were a nomadic species, homo sapiens kept moving
from place to place, hunting and gathering all along the way. - Very often, these men of the paleolithic also scavenged organs
or the fat from animals that had been killed
by much larger animals. So they had, you know, different ways of acquiring food for acquiring calories
from the mammals basically. (birds chirping) (gentle music) - [Narrator] Then around 10,000 years ago, someone had the idea to
try something different. They planted a seed in the ground. - Well, it's all about
taming nature as it is. It's beginning to think about man's place within
the natural world, taming the natural world, taming animals, taming the earth, taming the waters, and making a comfortable
living for oneself. - You have these changes and the transformation of societies, the settling down of people
in more permanent villages that become sometimes cities. We also know that these
first, let's say revolution, happened in the area of Mesopotamia, the Middle East and
(speaking foreign language). - [Narrator] Though we'll never know who came up with this idea, it took off and spread quickly
throughout the entire world. The planted seeds of wheat, rice, and corn meant that future homo sapiens could stop their ceaseless
wandering and live off the land. - They had the possibility
and at the same time they need to experience what could they
make with this regular staple. Not anymore maybe simple boiling,
but more complex process, such as bread making, where you have the dough and you'll have all the process involved. - With the industrial revolution
of course in modern time, since the 19th century and
right up to our own time, storage now has become way beyond what the fresh foods that are available. So what we're struggling
with in the contemporary diet is this lack of balance. On the one hand, we are over wounded with food that has been
stored, prepared foods. On the other hand, fresh foods become less and less available and more and more expensive. Because agriculture has become industrial, the process of storage has
become more sophisticated. A lot of the fresh foods we
had before totally disappeared. - So actually there is a kind
of evolution towards the past rather than towards the future in terms of what we want to eat. Today, we are looking for healthier food for a food that can sustain
in a more natural way. We are basically going towards
the employment of techniques of methodologies that
were already employed by our ancestors. (invigorating music) (grass rustling) - [Narrator] Evidence suggests there were wheat fields
in the Fertile Crescent at least 9,000 years ago. Those first farmers essentially
lived on a vegetarian diet, whether they liked it or not. Once humans gained some
mastery over the land, they went about the domestication of pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle. Today, it's called animal husbandry. - Probably around 6,000 BCE to 6,000 BC, what we might call now sheep
were domesticated and goats. This was a major lift to the daily diet. In addition to sheep and
goats, which were domesticated, this led of course to
the production of milk. - [Narrator] One of the first settlements from the Neolithic Age
points to the very beginnings of agriculture and
civilization as we know it. It's Çatal Hüyük in Turkey and it overlooks the Konya Plain, Southeast of the present
day city of Konya. Today, agricultural scientists continue to use selective
breeding of animals as they seek to make the
animals' muscles leaner or their milk richer. But how far can we take the
science of animal breeding? (cows mooing) (milk pouring) (invigorating music) Imagine an ancient ancestor sitting around with a full belly he
got thanks to farming. He never could have imagined the footprints of civilization
he was leaving behind. Farming made civilization
a natural possibility. Essentially without agriculture, there'd be no culture. - The early literatures talking about the songs of the herdsman, the songs of the drovers, the songs of the shepherds, we see farming so intimately connected with the development of literature that it is fascinating. Without farming and the
tallying of the herds, we don't get an alphabet developing. - Sumari was an urban population, therefore follows the
pattern of city development, urban development, and therefore a dependency
on outside sources of food. So you can well imagine that there we have now a
trading element in society, people who are bringing the
food in from the rural areas, trading marketing in the urban areas. Well, this demands some
kind of record keeping. Who is buying and who is selling and all this is becomes
suddenly important. So the Kunan farms grew
up and was developed to make those recordings. - [Narrator] The Sumerians who lived in the part of the world now known as Iraq were one of the first true
civilizations in world history. 11,000 years ago, Sumerian farmers began to grow the
cereals, barley and wheat. - The earliest farmers would develop their agricultural enterprises within a specific geographical location. This is Mesopotamia, the
land between the two rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates. - In many parts of Middle East yet today, you will see scenarios where
these grains are being planted, harvested as they were 10,000 years ago. It's only with the development
of agricultural machinery that that has changed it all and that's in terms of
the overall development of agriculture. This is a very recent indeed. And so what puts a great deal of stress into the production of
agriculture and food is of course, the growth of population. - [Narrator] While Sumerians
were growing their crops, flock of wild sheep were being herded in the Zagros Mountain Range. On today's maps, the Zagros Mountain Range lies predominantly in Iran. Then about 6,500 years ago, the invention of the plow took
farming to a whole new level, despite the invention initially being made out of the wrong material. - The plow was basically made of wood. That's not the best technology for producing a high
amount of food products. The modern farmer would
recognize that still today, the basic technology in grain production and food production, certainly
agricultural production, is the plow. - [Narrator] Around this time, wool was first used for
textiles and clothing. The footprints of civilization are found woven into
the shirt on your back. (machine whirring) Today's global fashion
industry generates $3 trillion or 2% of the world's gross
domestic product annually. Here's another way to think of it. The fashion industry, including
clothing and textiles, currently employs around
60 million people. During the Agricultural Revolution, that was more than the entire
human population of the world. (machines whirring) (machines whirring) (upbeat music) The first agricultural
revolution quietly developed over the course of 3,500 years, but its footprints are still with us. Agriculture transformed humankind and made everything else
that came after it possible. It's inescapable. A society that has trouble feeding itself isn't going to last long. Agriculture's upside was clear, but living off the land and
living so close to animals was not without its side effects. Every footprint of
civilization also has a shadow. - The proximity to cattle, to their daily agricultural activities and to the land itself, all these also generated concrete threat of being transmitted with different kinds of
disease and infections, like in recent cases of
bird flu or infections transmitted by pigs for example. - Still the great killer that is malaria, that is our water and the
presence of water and mosquitoes. (indistinct chatter) (birds chirping) But it has shifted other
elements of agriculture where agriculture may be related to modern ills and maladies comes largely from prepared foods, not from the fresh food so much or world, but to industrial foods. So prepared foods can
often contain, of course, if they're not well prepared, bacteria, which can be deathly. The pressure on farmers
and agriculturalists to produce massive,
massive, on a mass scale food products, particularly in animals, has caused such diseases
as mad cow disease. (cows mooing) - [Narrator] Nevertheless, by 3,500 BCE, farming had spread far across Eurasia. In only a few thousand years, sometimes for better and sometimes worse, humans have totally
transformed this planet. In evolutionary terms,
that's a blink of an eye. An example of this transformation is the Palm Islands in Dubai. These islands were artificially created, relying on the ancient
method of irrigation. Around the world, there
are many such examples that were created using ancient
agricultural techniques. (invigorating music) The ancients were the first
to transform their environment from arid to arable soil. Now in the not too distant future, man plans to leave the footprints of our current civilization
on another planet. Contemporary scientists
are working on ways to affect the climate of Mars, hoping to increase its atmospheric
carbon dioxide pressure. This would have the effect of warming Mar and make it possible to
successfully colonize. By increasing its atmospheric
carbon dioxide pressure, a process called terraforming, we can also build up the red planet's atmosphere
and water content, which would give us the
ability to irrigate it. It's a very lofty ambition. NASA estimates that in order
to make Mars habitable, it would take 400 years of terraforming and a mere $4 trillion. Thousands of years ago, ancient Egyptian farmers
had a more modest goal. They sought to produce enough
food to feed their population. In order to accomplish that, they would have to do some
terraforming of their own. - I'm rather skeptical about that. Why? Because you basically
don't have the conditions that you would've here
on the other planet. What is possible to say, however, is that what our ancestors did in Egypt or in Mesopotamia in terms of
making those lands habitable and good for producing crops, so this was a real enterprise because those populations did not really have the
instruments, the tools, the technical methodologies
that we have today. - [Narrator] Without benefit
of an instruction manual, the Egyptians terraformed
along the Nile River. Practically everything they did was being done for the first time. They grouped crops along
the banks of that river. The crops benefited from the annual floods that left behind chemic,
a rich black soil. This fertile soil was ideal
for growing healthy crops. In its own way, Egyptian agriculture was
as much of an achievement as the building of the pyramids. - It became important very early for the Egyptians to understand how to deal with their river in order to employ the
water of the river itself, to grow their crops and to grow grain along the river valley. - [Narrator] The Egyptians
grew wheat, barley, vegetables, figs, melons,
pomegranates, and vine. They also grew flacks, which
was then made into linen. Grain was certainly a versatile crop. The ancient Egyptians relied on it for their stable diet of
bread, porridge and beer. Egyptian farmers also grew vegetables, including cabbage, beans, cucumbers, lettuce, onions, and leaves. Through century after century, it's a way of life that hasn't really changed all that much. (indistinct chatter) (invigorating music) (water rushing) Famous for their canal system and their invention of the shaduf, they may have been the first
to use the water wheel. They attached a bucket
to a long pole at one end and put a weight at the other end, the buckets were dropped into the Nile, filled with water, and
raised up with water wheels, an ingenious device. Traveling along the Nile today, you can still see the shaduf in use. A footprint of civilization? Well, let's just say, if
it's not broken, why fix it? - It should be even more important. It should be a knowledge as
more important of course, a form of sustainable agriculture. And again, we have many lessons to learn from the ancient world, even in dryer regions of
the world that they control using smart water infrastructures
that were sustainable. Whereas today, as you know,
with all the technology, the water has become more accessible, but that has also led to many problems in making the area more arid than before. - So this is a real
footprint of civilization because of how people still
use the water, the rivers, how people still employ the
water of their rivers today is very similar to how people
of the ancient civilizations used to deal with the same
aspect of their economical life. (invigorating music) - These days, we rely on sophisticated equipment and techniques
to predict flooding, including data sensors,
telemetry equipment, and satellite-assisted
weather forecasting. But believe it or not,
the ancient Egyptians invented the very first
flood warning system. It was called the Nile-amir. It measured the Nile and
predicted its flooding. (invigorating music) Between the peak of Egyptian culture and the start of the Roman Empire, Greece came to prominence as a culture and civilization. During that time, one item always seemed to be on the menu, regardless of the meal: cereal. The irony that footprints of civilization lead to the modern breakfast
bar is unmistakable. In the "Odyssey" by Homer, the diet of the Greece was
depicted as pretty monotonous. The bulk of the grain
cultivated was barley, which was turned into porridge or ground into flour to make bread. - We know that they had
a three meal organization during the day, very early dawn to make
the most of natural light and get ready to work in the field. So that's the equivalent of a breakfast, but their typical food for this first meal would include some cheese,
some even fruit like figs and some bread. And then they would be
ready to go to work. Lunch did exist, but it was a minor meal sometime available
directly where they were, was what they consume. Later in the evening,
there was the dinner, it's called (speaking foreign language). That was definitely their
most important meal. And this is when people who could afford would have a little bit
more of a varieties. (indistinct chatter) - [Narrator] Perhaps their diet explains all those six pack
stomachs on ancient statues. Back then, farming was not
an easy way to make a living. Some things never change,
but in ancient Greece, the amount of good soil
and crop land was limited. - The Greeks relied very heavily on grains and fish in their diet. Olive oil for example, also. In fact, they developed the olives from what was pit, the
size of one small finger, into the magnificent variety of olives we still have today. So olives were great consumption. - You could have some meat
if the family was well off. Olive oil was very present and it is known that olive oil and wine were very important
component of their diet. Not only because of course
they make everything taster and more pleasant, but because given the poverty and the limitation of their diet, these two extra ingredient supply vitamins for olive oil and some other substances that otherwise would be lacking from what was
a very basic repetitive diet. (gentle music) - [Narrator] When grapes were harvested, they might be consumed as raw
fruit or dried into raisins, or of course, used in wine production. It sounds like the modern
Mediterranean diet, a healthy diet emulated for centuries that is still fashionable. How civilized. - When the Greeks discovered the grape, which was wild at time, also,
it was no more than a pit, the end of your finger, and they developed too, the grapes more or less
that we knew today. Now we have many more varieties of grapes because of modern agriculture. But in large part, the wines we know today are the various kinds of grapes that make various kinds of wines were known to antiquity also. Wine production was extremely important as it was also for medic
use as medical purposes and other, cooking for example, they cooked a lot with food and wine, of course, and drank it all the time. (gentle music) - Ancient Greek farms called stetacoria were generally small, consisting of four or five acres of land. The farmers could grow enough
food to support their families and perhaps a small surplus
to sell in the local market. But there were some larger farms. These were generally run by farm managers so the gentleman farmers
who owned those farms could live it up in the city. One record showed such a farmer making 30,000 drachmas
a year from his estate. By contrast, the average worker could expect to make
just two drachmas a day. The big food corporations
and consortiums of today have an enormous share
of the world's wealth. There are in fact, just 10 companies that control practically
all the well known food and beverage brands in the world. (machines whirring) (machines whirring) (machines whirring) Look! Cereal again. These companies employ thousands of people and rake in combined revenues
of over $350 billion per year. In ancient times, growing
crops and tending livestock began as a matter of survival, but it didn't take long
before men being what they are figured that food could do more than fill the bellies of their families. Food could be exchanged
for goods and traded as a commodity in the market. - Until the Roman Empire does not appear to be any
large food consortium. After the Punic Wars, 146 BC however, there is a strong development
in agriculture here, certainly in Italy because the land-based agriculture workers had been taken off the farms, recruited into the military
to conduct the wars, which extended from 264 BC to 146 BC, the Continual Wars, which constructed the Roman Empire. (horses galloping) (invigorating music) - They were called
(speaking foreign language), so large estate, exactly the translation. And we see this problem
becoming bigger and bigger. They started with our limited
group of elite families, the patricians already
controlling the best and the majority of the fields. - The growth of the
(speaking foreign language) made it almost impossible for the small holder to survive. If you have a small holder
that is dependent upon very small workforce, a husband, wife, and the children growing up and working and the husband and
the elder sons are away because they've been
conscripted into the army, then it's left to a very small and perhaps afebrile workforce that can't maintain a small holding. - [Narrator] Bread was
the staple diet of Rome. Shortages of it could cause
rioting or even rebellion. Thousands of years later, it's still something we see
in the headlines of today. - This became very strong, a
very dangerous kind of riot because the riotees
threatened the Roman Senator so they had to escape. This is meaningful to make us understand. Also the power of the
masses in Roman history. When the masses gather and
put together their faults and their power, they can really ask
for more to their Lords and to the ones who are
politically responsible for their life. (indistinct yelling) - [Narrator] There are
countries in our modern world whose inflated economies are
spiraling out of control. In some places, this results in shortages
of basic commodities like food and water. (yelling) The desperate populations there have taken to the streets more than once. The result? Looters plundering food trucks and state-run supermarkets and
even slaughtering lifestyle. (yelling) This isn't to suggest that food riots are a footprint of civilization, but Rome's eventual
response to these shortages was for once actually quite civilized. The Romans created one of the earliest
government welfare programs. It was the second century BCE when some Roman senators established a wheat allowance for the poor. - Tiberius Gracchus is
probably the first Roman who realizes the disparity between the displaced small holder and the huge estate owner, and wants to do something about it. Of course, his fellow senators
are very upset about this. They don't like the idea
that their newfound wealth is being undercut by one of their own. Eventually, the only way
that Tiberius can be stopped in his land reforms, which were not that revolutionary
at the end of the day, was by murdering him. - Consequently, these problems
of food supply continued going on and on and on until Octavian seized Egypt from Cleopatra and Antony in 31 BC and the Romans found
themselves in all their glory, occupying Egypt, the great food supply. The Romans began to bring
enormous food supply from Egypt, grain, massive amounts of it, they developed ships that would carry massive amounts of this. They created a new port,
(speaking foreign language), to receive those grain fleets. They created enormous storage facilities down along the Tiger River, which are still in ruins,
they could be seen today and near (speaking foreign
language) all along are huge facilities for storing grain. So they had a food bank and they initiated a process of grain distribution
to the population of Rome, of grain, oil, wine and
later in the empire, they also distributed pork. - They even was a state
officer in a connected position to monitor constantly and make sure that there never was a break in this continuous supply of grain. It was called a (speaking
foreign language) and it was an important office that responded to the emperor. - [Narrator] Julius Caesar, a hardheaded man if ever there was, suggested people queuing for grain should be means tested. That practice continued
for hundreds of years. These were the first ever food banks, something still seen
around the world today. Though, the Romans could
doubtless be a cruel lot, they also set the scene for
some forms of social justice. - Let's take the example
of the US government. They have forever
subsidized the agriculture in the United States
and continue to do it. They must maintain a certain
level of food supply. It's because that whole system,
that distribution system, that production and
distribution system is closely, closely controlled by governments. And of course, that's
exactly the relationship that the empire, the Roman emperors, had in the ancient world. Their only legitimacy was their
approval of the population. So they focused, unlike the Republic, they focused their attention, their favors on the population at large. And that's evident everywhere. - [Narrator] The satirical poet, Juvenal, famously wrote that the Roman Empire was fueled by (speaking foreign language), breads and circuses, Then as now, the rich and powerful, the high and mighty Senate, the noble console or pro console, the all powerful emperor still depended on the good graces of the
mob, or common people. And the people, said Juvenal with a snear, could always be placated by two things: (speaking foreign language),
bread and circuses. The trouble of course, was that Juvenal was not
suggesting this was a good thing. No, he was saying the
common people were selfish, as well as being ignorant of and uninterested in civic duty. And the modern equivalent
to bread and circuses could be junk food and
violent video games, or maybe fad diets and
social media addiction. Judge for yourself. (cheering) (sizzling) (indistinct chatter) (sizzling) - This is a typical
footprint of civilization that we still find today pretty much employed in
contemporary political situation. So the Romans used to
provide their people, the population with
(speaking foreign language) at chance, meaning that
people just received the little bit they
needed in order to survive or not to starve in terms of food and they also were provided with some fun. - The populace was insured
of a basic stapled diet, grain to make bread or bread itself, and the amount of entertainment, either the gladiatorial
shows or the circuses, that is the chariot racing increased exponentially under the empire. - [Narrator] The success
of the Roman Empire and its March across the then known world owed a lot to bread and farming. The Romans typically capitalized
on the tools and inventions of all other civilizations
that had come before them. - Well it's because Roman
production at all levels depended on slavery. And where you have slavery, a large supply of human labor, you're not prompted, you're not inspired to create machines to
replace those slaves. In fact, it could be dangerous. If we look at the big picture, slavery continued in the Western world right up to the industrial revolution. It was only machines when
machines were available that replaced the slaves. This was an issue in the
American Civil War in fact, big issue. That is the Southern states did not and did not want to develop
an industrial economy because the slaves would have to be free, they would free the slaves, that was dangerous. (yelling) - [Narrator] In order to
irrigate their crops and plants, as well as to sustain both
animal and human life, the Romans built aqueducts,
dams, and reservoirs to store and carry water. (water rushing) There are Roman aqueducts still
functioning today in France, Spain, England, and Italy, the Aquae Vergine in Rome, for instance, which supplies water
to the Trevi Fountains. (water rushing) The distribution of food and drink is one of the most important footsteps of civilization there is, but trade could only expand
but so far over land. The sea provided bottomless
food baskets or so it seemed. They were teaming with life. All you had to do was get
out there and catch it. In the modern world,
the fishing industry is, to put it mildly, big business. In 2017, the worldwide weight of all
the life hauled from the seas came to approximately
174 million metric tons. No wonder there are widespread concerns about the impact of fishing
on the world's oceans. Demand is beginning to outpace supply. (water rushing) (birds squawking) Contrast that perspective with how inexhaustible the
ocean's bounty must have seemed at the outset of the global fishing trade. - In terms of the ancient civilizations, I would mention definitions. So definitions really represents the earliest example of a civilization, which is pretty much
projected towards the sea. They were inhabitating a
very tiny strip of land, which corresponds to
what is nowadays Lebanon and they had a very long coast line. - Not only were they the great navigators of the ancient world, but they
also invented sea farming. - These early civilization did not really have so
many instruments and tools. They could not rely on sophisticated tools in order to navigate through the sea. But anyway, they were already expert in terms of the knowledge
that they had of the sky and how to orientate their navigation, according to precise points in the sky. So according to stars, or according to the constellations, and also according to the
motion of this sun or the moon. - The Romans will take
the idea of sea farming to the enth degree as
they do with so much, Had agricultural fisheries. I mean, it was tended to be for the exotic end of the market and the production of eels and lamb praise for the senatorial tables, but it was still sea farming and fishing on a industrial scale. - [Narrator] This famous
fresco of a fisherman is from the excavation of
the Minoan town of Akrotiri located on the Greek island of Santorini. The volcano ravage ruins
of this Minoan town tell us a lot about the first great seafaring nation of the
Mediterranean, the Minoans. The Minoans were fantastic boat builders, great fishermen, and seagoing traders. We still admire the
footprints they left behind of their civilization
and their life at sea. - We know, for example, the Minoans had almost an obsession
with fish and the sea to the point of incorporating
all kind of fish in the art, including the octopus and
other variety of sea animals. We know that fish was
an important component of the Greek diet. However, in the Greek world, we still see fish as a
very humble activity. It is with the Roman period that we witness a more
industrial approach to fishing comparable to our more modern idea. - [Narrator] The great
fishing vessels of today, trawlers catch large volumes
of fish in their nets. Some of them are still fishing for tuna of the coast of Sicily. In ancient times, Sicily
was an outpost of Greece. There's a poetry about
life at sea, then and now. Modern man must plunder the oceans with the abandon of our ancestors, but the ocean's food
baskets will most likely help feed the world for centuries to come. (dramatic music) If it were not for the early
pioneers in agriculture, including irrigation,
horticulture, and viticulture, we might still be roaming the
wild, hunting for our dinner. - With agriculture and the
developments in agriculture came civilization. Civilization through mathematics, counting the herds and into literature, the development of alphabets, et cetera. - [Narrator] So pull up a chair and raise a glass to the
footprints of civilization, which still lead us from
the plate and the pallet. What could be more civilized than that? - Man's appetite has not changed in all these thousand years. It may have grown a lot, it may have diversified, but food is the central
item on the agenda, all through history. (dramatic music)
