How a CPU is made

[Music] you are about to experience a fascinating Journey Through the clean rooms of the semiconductor [Music] industry see integrated circuits in the making at one of global foundry's chip [Music] factories let our experts walk you through the nanocosmos of the [Music] atom a world that normally remains hidden from our [Music] eyes in the beginning is the circuit diagram at design centers around the globe experts collaborate to design circuit diagrams sophisticated integrated circuits like microprocessors high graphic processors and Wireless Communications ic's the next step is [Music] manufacturing the dis substrates for the microchips are made from quartz sand and are called silicon Wafers to make these Wafers a huge monocrystal is drawn from purified silicon melt the result is a perfect silicon lattice into which the transistors will later be fitted however impurities pose a threat to these Flawless silicone crystals our Global foundaries manufactur must therefore take extensive precautions every time they enter our dust-free clean rooms the result our Wafers are fabricated in an environment that is more than 100,000 times cleaner than an operating [Music] theater completely free of dust the Silicon discs arrive at the clean [Music] room here 25 Wafers are packed into each hermetically sealed container and sent off on a journey that will take them through hundreds of manufacturing [Music] steps photolithographic techniques transfer the circuit structures to the Wafers rather like slide projection the key to this whole process is a solid Mastery of light the silicon disc is spincoated with a photosensitive resist UV light transfers the circuit structures depicted on a mask to the wafer the exposed parts of the resist are soluble and are removed by a developer the transferred struct structures can now be used as a template the unprotected parts of the water surface are etched away the structures of billions of small current switches are generated on each wafer tiny [Music] transistors from the photolithographic stage Wafers move on to the ion implantation where the electrical properties of the trans transistors will be [Music] specified here the engineers make good use of one of silicon's most important properties silicon is a semiconductor which means that its conductivity can change via a high Precision imp placement of so-called dopent atoms first dopant atoms are injected into the Silicon structures these atoms then distribute randomly in the Silicon [Music] lattice at high temperatures the doping atoms become flexible and take on a fixed position in the atomic structure the complexity of manufacturing tiny transistors requires a clean room as big as two soccer [Music] pitches while our people monitor the complex processes automated manufacturing itself always takes place within hermetically sealed production [Music] lines copper dominates the next process step the finest interconnect wires link up billions of separate transistors to form integrated [Music] circuits before that can happen however cleaning is essential for wafers as particles lurk at every stage in the manufacturing process before the copper is poured into the trenches for the interconnects a barrier layer is applied it helps to avoid short circuits and guarantees reliability The Trenches are then filled with [Applause] copper finally the excess copper is ground down to the edges of the trenches this insulates each interconnect from the [Music] others a microchip made of of copper wiring established Global foundaries as the first company in the world to adopt copper in volume production a foundation for the state-of-the-art multicore processors that Global foundaries is introducing today in all product areas to keep us on the Leading Edge of the world's chip makers electron microscopes constantly monitor every step in the manufacture in process down to the atomic structures of each individual [Music] transistor in 2 months the wafer is ready huge integrated circuits consisting of conductors with a length of multiple kilomet link up 100 billion transistors on numerous levels and that in a space no larger than a [Music] fingernail Global foundaries the first truly Global semiconductor Foundry located in the USA and Germany Fab 1 in Dresden and the future Fab 2 in Malta New York together there'll be two of the most most advanced chip factories on Earth and a testing ground for the very latest microelectronic Innovations from around the globe the last production step in microprocessor manufacturing is the packaging of the chips in preparation for this step tins silver pellets are applied on the wafer they will link the chip to the frame via the finest saw blades the chips are cut off the wafer the flip chip method is used to bond the chip to the frame which is sealed with a cover

Channel: DIY with Ben

Views: 14,492,216

Keywords: CPU, Central processing unit, how cpu made, How a CPU working, from sand to CPU, making CPU, CPU factory, how CPUs are made, how cpu is manufactured, how cpu is made hd, how cpu works, what is cpu, intel, Manufacturing (Industry), cpu manufacturing process, make cpu, AMD, Industry (Organization Sector), hardware

Id: qm67wbB5GmI

Length: 10min 16sec (616 seconds)

Published: Mon Feb 04 2013