Hey Thoughty2 here. This stoutly man is Rich
Uncle Pennybags, but you knew that didn’t you. Known to many simply as “Monopoly Man”.
He’s known for his waistcoat, jacket, top hat, moustache and of course his monocle.
But wait a minute, the Monopoly Man has never had a monocle, I know, you’re absolutely
certain that he does, but I promise you, Mr Pennybags has never, ever had a monocle, you
have made it up entirely. This image doesn’t exist. Don’t panic, you’re not alone,
the vast majority of people are absolutely certain that they remember the Monopoly Man
with a monocle. So what’s going on here? Well these people
and possibly yourself, have all fallen victim to the Mandela effect. The Mandela effect
is when a great number of people remember something in a completely different way to
how it actually was or remember an event that never actually happened. You know those times
when your mind betrays you, you are certain it happened that way, but the facts say otherwise.
It happens to us all and psychiatrists have a word for it: confabulation, a confabulation
is a disturbance or distortion of a memory. But some people say there’s more to the
Mandela effect than a simple distortion of memory and the real reason that millions of
peoples’ memories are betraying them, is far more terrifying and sinister. The name “Mandela effect” is named after
the man himself, ex-President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela. In 1962 Mandela was arrested
and thrown in jail for 27 years for starting a worker’s strike in a time when South Africa
was led by a minority white rule with an iron fist. Black and whites were segregated, this
was the Apartheid. A large number of people around the world vividly remember seeing footage
broadcast on television of Nelson Mandela dying inside prison, during the 80s. They
even remember seeing his funeral, live on international TV. Of course this isn’t true, Mandela was released
from prison, became President and died in 2013 at home. So what’s going on here? How
come millions recall seeing his death in the 80s? Well it’s the first big mystery that
coined the term the Mandela effect. People are constantly discovering new examples
of the Mandela effect. In recent years many have come into the public eye via the internet.
One of the most spine-tingling is the mystery of The Berenstein Bears. The American viewers
among us will remember a series of children’s books from the 60s onwards. This lovable family
of bears was a significant part of everybody’s childhood in the US. There were over 300 books
in total and not to mention a TV series in 2003, that went by the same name, The Berenstein
Bears. Here’s the truly shocking thing, The Berenstein
Bears never existed, sure there was a cute family of bears, but they were called the
Berenstain Bears, with an “a”. This has seriously messed with the heads of millions
of Americans because quite literally everyone knew it as the Berenstein bears. Many have
said it’s down to the creators changing the name at some point because Berenstain
sounds less Jewish than Berenstein. But the name was never changed, it was named after
the two creators Stan and Jan Berenstain. But something eerie is definitely going on
here, there are some very rare examples of official merchandise being uncovered, deep
from the back of people’s garages and attics, showing the franchise being spelt Berenstein,
such as on this old VHS. But to confuse matters even further, the name on the front of the
tape is spelt Berenstain. Creepy! But could this just be no more than a typo by the graphic
designer. You remember the most famous line from Star
Wars, don’t you? “Luke, I am your father”. Except that line was never said in the films.
What Darth Vader actually said was “No, I am your father.” A small difference, sure.
But then why does the whole world keep saying “Luke, I am your father”. There’s more,
remember Silence of the Lambs, everyone knows what Hannibal said to Clarice when they first
met, I mean it’s only the most famous quote from the entire film, he said “Hello Clarice”,
nope, never said it, that line never appeared in the film, don’t believe me, go and watch
it. Hannibal actually said a rather forgettable “Good morning”. Even the University of
Richmond quoted the fictitious line in a scientific paper “Even people who have never seen Silence
of the Lambs (1991) are familiar with Hannibal Lecter’s sinister “Hello, Clarice.””
Another stark example of the Mandela effect. Remember Sex in The City? It was actually
called Sex and The City. The KitKat logo doesn’t have a dash in it, it never has. The Queen
in Snow White never said “Mirror, mirror on the wall”. Oh and remember Jiffy, the
well-known American peanut butter? There’s no such thing, it’s called Jif, not Jiffy.
Hell I’m British and even I recall it being called “Jiffy”. But then is that just
because that’s what millions of other people have been calling it all this time? The Flinstones
was actually called the Flintstones, despite no one in the history of mankind ever calling
it that. So is there an explanation to all of this?
Well kind of, there are two theories that do explain the Mandela effect, but both are
equally as terrifying. The first popular explanation involves parallel universes. Some believe
that we live our lives not just within one universe, but we are instead, slipping and
sliding between multiple universes within the multiverse, without ever realising it.
Each universe is ever so slightly different, and some believe that the Mandela effect is
people noticing the minor differences between these other dimensions, or universes. Or perhaps we don’t travel between universes,
what if we’ve always been in the same universe. But instead memories are leaked from other
universes and seep into our universe as they intertwine and collide. This rather outlandish
theory isn’t currently backed up by any specific research but that doesn’t mean
it isn’t scientifically possible. New quantum mechanics theories suggest that there are
multiple universes and they do interact with each other, possibly sharing information. So when we remember something vastly different
to what the archives tell us, is it information coming from a parallel universe? Or is it
something far more sinister? As we all know, if something strange happens, there’s a
conspiracy theory surrounding it. It’s the second law of the internet, after “don’t
click on strange links”. Mandela effect conspiracy enthusiasts believe the infamous
illuminati, or whatever shady group of men in suits are running the world from behind
the scenes, have actually changed subtle elements of history to better suit their new world
order. Just hoping that we wouldn’t notice, but oops, some people have. Why an omnipotent
group of secret world leaders would think that the Monopoly Man’s monocle just wasn’t
quite fitting for their New World Order, is anyone’s guess. But what if you actually have made all of
this up, and this is the most terrifying of all the explanations, for this phenomenon
implies that our memories are nowhere near as reliable as we thought. Yet what I’m
about to tell you is by far the most scientifically accepted explanation for the Mandela effect.
Psychologists say that we remember these events, books, films and images so vividly differently
to how they actually are, because we’ve all created false memories. What do you remember most about your childhood?
Is it what you ate for dinner each night, or what you watched on TV? Your memories of
those things are probably fuzzy at best. Yet you can remember the names of all your friends,
and that time when you broke someone’s window playing football. You probably remember all
the times you were naughty and that’s because you talked about those events afterwards with
your friends, your parents talked to you about it afterwards, you received punishments in
relation to that event. Conversation is arguably the most powerful memory creator and talking
about an event after it happened creates far stronger memories than whilst the event is
actually taking place. Memories are created by connections forming
in the brain. Your brain is full of cells called neurons and connections between them,
called synapses. Image a neuron that represents a window and another that represents a ball.
As a child, the moment you kicked that ball through Batshit Bob’s window, a physical,
synaptic connection was created in your brain between these two neurons, thus forming a
weak memory of the event. But then, when you tell your mates about how you just broke Batshit
Bob’s window, that connection actually gets thicker, strengthening that memory. Then when
your mum confiscated your Gameboy afterwards, the connection grows once again. But it goes even further, every time you recall
that memory from here on out the connection gets stronger. By simply remembering something
you are strengthening that memory, forever. Of course, this also means, that if you remember
something wrongly, every time you try and remember what actually happened you are instead
strengthening the incorrect memory that’s already there. This is why we can’t see
past our memories, our brains tell us they are unquestionably reliable, but we have no
way to know whether that memory was false to begin with, until someone comes along and
tells us or shows us we have remembered incorrectly. This is called “False Memory”. And it’s
by far the most likely thing that’s causing the Mandela effect. In 1974 psychologists Loftus and Palmer showed
45 students a clip of a real car crash then asked the question “How fast were the cars
going when they hit each other?”. The range of answers were vastly unreliable but it was
also discovered that by changing the wording of the question also completely changed the
answer. Those who were asked “How fast were the cars going when they contacted each other?”
gave a much slower speed that those who were asked “How fast were the cars going when
they smashed into each other?” Demonstrating how unreliable memories can be and how our
conversations with others can distort our memories. Mandela didn’t die in the 80s like many
thought, but in 1990 he was released from prison. The event was significant and was
broadcast on TV across the world, with millions tuning in to watch. There was a large state
procession on the streets of South Africa to celebrate his release, which many Americans
and others remember watching. But such an event could easily be confused with a funeral
procession. Nelson Mandela’s name was nowhere near as famous back then as it is now, so
people may not have paid much attention to what was actually happening. Thus creating
a false memory that he died. The Berenstain Bears was read by school kids,
who couldn’t give a toss about proper spelling. “Stein” is also a far more common suffix
to a surname than “Stain” so it makes perfect sense that children simply called
it the incorrect name of “Berenstein Bears” when discussing the book with friends and
so grew up with this false memory. The same logic applies to movie quotes. You’ve
probably heard “Luke, I am your father” and “Hello Clarice” many, many more times
in real life, during conversations with others, than you have heard them in the actual films.
At least, the part in the film where the line was supposed to be. It turns out that every instance of the Mandela
effect can be explained by collective false memory, which is disappointing to some and
scary to others. The simple fact that everyone you speak to shares the same misconceptions
about something actually strengthens that false memory. You’ve likely spread misinformation
to hundreds of others when you’ve quoted lines from films that were never said and
discussed events very differently than what actually happened. We are all part of the
problem and new examples of the Mandela effect will continue to surface because nobody’s
memory is perfect. I for one welcome them, because that’s what makes us human and such
curiosities keeps life so interesting. Thanks for watching. If you enjoyed this video support me on Patreon,
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