Gut Reaction Pt. 2 | Gut Health, Bacteria and Food

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new discoveries about food are rocking the foundations of medicine and nutrition I think this is one of the biggest developments in medical research I really think we're encountering a revolution that maybe we can prevent diseases by simply changing our diet last time on catalyst we learned about this paradigm changing new research the bottom line is the modern Western diet could be making us very sick contributing to heart disease diabetes asthma emphysema multiple sclerosis even autism and melissa goes on the reason for the revelation that a good diet is even more important than we thought is the discovery of the many trillions of new contributors to our health the tiny good bacteria living in our guts it's a jungle in there so there's a whole series of really fascinating biological interactions in a nutshell if you were to bear diet you end up with bad gut bacteria and these bugs send the wrong messages to the immune system you can wind up sick now it's all very well to know that the modern Western diet is causing health problems now what do you do about it well that's what the second episode is all about and I can tell you now it's more than just changing the food you eat the reason the modern diet is so unhealthy is it's drifted far from the diets we evolved to week so settled agriculture saw a massive change in our diet and then clearly since the industrialization of Agriculture and the industrialization of our food processing professor Steve Simpson's been catching this healthy unprocessed pre agriculture food since he was a kid if we were kind of moving in the stone-age days this to be happy we'd be catching a meal a platform we wouldn't have a fishing rod he wouldn't have to catch it with our hands was there a Stone Age diet a single diet I think there were many Stone Age diets so if you were by the coastline here obviously fish and shellfish would have been a big part of the diet but while there was no one caveman diet there was one thing all these diets had in common a lot of fiber we saw this in the last episode with Africa's Stone Age Hut's of people an average person in the West man or woman is consuming less than 20 grams a day a dietary fiber and to put that in an evolutionary perspective six-month to one-year-old hodza kids are eating 50 to 200 grams of fiber a day every day and they do this throughout life biomes does now to understand why fiber is so important try to imagine the magical universe within in the gut what you have is a essentially a container with an entire world inside of it comprising hundreds if not thousands of species just as the many species in this mangrove live together in harmony as an ecosystem so do the species in our intestines the gut ecosystem is called the microbiome and like any ecosystem it's tipped out of balance if the creatures in it don't get one of their fundamental foods and for the bugs living here that's fiber that's why the low fiber food we eat these days can be so damaging to see the effects of that in the last episode we met Gideon a young fit gymnast the two of us took a junk food challenge after a typical high-fat high-sugar feed we had our Bloods measured to see the effects and Gideon was shocked to learn that while he was fit on the outside on the inside my much older body was performing better than his and Gideon essentially you needed two to three times as much insulin this is a huge shock to me and nerve wracking my insulin levels were considerably lower than Gideon's indeed he was on the road to diabetes what I would this much younger man have such an unhealthy response it became clear let me looked in his fridge not many health foods here so I wake up in the morning often I will eat what we have for dinner last night tends to be kind of fast food so sometimes it'll be pizza and big pan of chicken burgers so I eat a lot of fast food meals which often come with french fries so big fan of french fries as well occasionally to the it will be usually a chicken burger fries almost all of Gideon's diet is processed food when we eat processed foods it generates a whole lot of bacteria in our body that promote information and these are the bad bacteria but the good news is give up the junk food and the inflammation reaction is turned down people who are lean and it unprocessed food regularly have got all the good bacteria in their intestines so we put a proposal to get him well have we got an offer for you how would you like us to put you on a healthy diet and see what changes it makes Lee gut bacteria help your products so we what about pasty diet or a tasty diet that would be designed by a dietician okay Monash University nutrition researcher Trish Veitch hooked us four weeks of healthy meals for Gideon I'm nervous that I won't like the taste of some of the food that I'm gonna be eating and I'm a bit nervous that I will feel hungry all the time because I'm used to eating huge quantities of fast food she also took him shopping showing him the kind of food he should be buying these are persons their own source of really good prebiotic fiber a whole new world of fruit and veg indeed the doctor said that this isn't kind of permanent damage that's been done and so I guess it's given me more impetus to really take this diet seriously and actually make a good goal of it any of these beans are good for you okay the plan is we'll look at Gideon's gut bacteria before and after his new diet and we'll also REME measure his insulin response after four weeks of eating this healthy but most importantly high fiber food all right yes I record can you do those icky knees and thin strips now as it happens I've been eating a fairly high fiber diet lately yeah that's perfect it wasn't my choice rather I've developed allergies to dairy and wheat products they could be sinus problems and when you cut those out your left eating fairly high fiber food now weighed about 50 grams of fiber a day which is more than twice as much as the average Australian wonder what effect that's having on my gut bacteria well there's a way to find out in Boulder Colorado is the headquarters of the American gut project here they collect samples of people's feces from around the world examining them to see just what kind of gut bacteria we're all carrying why are they doing it i Skyped Rob Knight to find out g'day Rob hey Graham what's the purpose of it why are you doing it well we're trying to find out what kinds of micro biomes are out there in the wild we're just beginning to find out how many kinds of communities there are even on one person by looking at samples from a wide variety of people the goal is to eventually match particular microbiomes with particular health problems donating to the program is as simple as asking for a kit and it can be fun you can also give it a gift to someone else right so if you have some family member or co-worker and you've just been dying or to figure out exactly what kind of shit they're fella now you can do that well look I always like to donate to worthy cause it's harder this is kind of a bit obvious one but you accept the donation from me absolutely three days later the kit turned up in the mail instructions collect a small amount of biomass by putting it more is not better okay things I do for science because it will be good to know what kind of gut bacteria I have hello and welcome to day one of my video diary for dinner brown rice with lentils which was a shock and I had Greek yogurt right beetle the hummus heaps and heaps of nuts all kinds of nuts almonds and pistachios I've experienced some mild discomfort I would have to say in terms of the old abdominal bloating now eating more fiber will improve your health but there are other things you might be able to do as well cheers Cheers that's quite sweaty - yeah it's not bad British shots shots and shots it is Cheers down the hatch oh not a sweet this is no social drink professor Matt Cooper and I may be medicating ourselves but they won't be adding these tipples to the wine list anytime soon we're downing different kinds of vinegar because it could turn out to be a medicine so the most important thing is to have a balanced diet and lots of high fiber we've also shown that with a lot of the studies we're doing in animals now that's supplementing the dye by giving vinegar can actually stop things like asthma treating asthma with vinegar it seems remarkable unless of course you're into alternative health the idea of using vinegar but decently it's been around for centuries Oh thousands of years back to the Egyptian times the Greek times the beneficial effects of vinegars in society have been known for a long time even Italians a lot of vinegar on salads a loafer vinaigrette they have very very low incidences of inflammatory disease in fact even the research on eating a good diet has an air of ancient wisdom about it Hippocrates said let thy food be thy medicine and I met him be thy food and we agree with that entirely the reason vinegar could be a medicine is because it contains acetate that molecule we met in the first episode the very one our good bacteria make so we now know that acetate which is very small and get all around the body can stop the immune system from overreacting by calming the immune system it promotes good health mat kuba developed asthma at about 18 I ended up taking a buffer twice a day and I was taking steroids two or three times a day I had several incidents where I was really worried I was almost going to go to hospital it was that bad I was taking puffs after puffs I could barely breathe it hurts your chest a lot when you cough but now he started eating more fiber and using liberal quantities of vinegar I radically changed my diet I dropped certain processed foods I made sure it was brown rice brown pasta brown bread bran in the morning or lots of fresh fruit and vegetables and now I probably have one puff a year if that really it's kind of going okay I'm I miss fast food I really miss it now there are no proper clinical trials yet proving that vinegar can treat asthma in people but there are results for mice after showing she could reduce asthma in these animals by simply feeding them high fiber food Allyson tried something else she fed them acetate instead in fact when we give acetate directly in the drinking water to their mice that also suppresses their asthma so it seems incredible that simple stuff we splash on a salad may help treat a disease that plagues the Western world and Alison's asthma story has taken yet another twist she's fed high fiber to pregnant mice ah there she is has just given birth she yeah so she just gave birth yesterday morning and so you found something special about the diet and pregnant mice right that's right so she was actually on a high-fiber diet and what we found was that when we gave pregnant mice the high fiber diet and had a look at their offspring their offspring didn't develop asthma so they were protected against their development of asthma so this is another thing for poor old mother's is it they can't paint they can't smoke they're better way to high-fiber diet don't you sass me yeah yeah gut bacteria are tied up with a lot of other diseases too take professor Phil hansbro research on the devastating lung disease emphysema there are no current treatments that are effectively suppressed the disease and there's no treatments that stop the progression of disease emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder COPD a good way of explaining COPD is like taking a deep breath and then trying to take in a bit more breath and that last bit is this the only breath that people with COPD can breathe in really let me try that so another way another way of explaining that's pretty awful another way of explaining it is like trying to breathe through a straw the leading cause of emphysema in Australia is smoking and remarkably this activity in mice at least can push the gut microbiome out of balance so we think it not just to face the lung but it is systemic effects and so that it affects the microbiome in the gut we can show the changes in the microbiome that occur with cigarette smoke exposure and then we can also show which bacteria are altered so which ones increase and which ones decrease and excitingly Phil's also found it may be possible to switch a bad emphysema biome for a more healthy one so nice very good animals to study for this disease because when you co house them they are actually copper files and so they they eat eat each other's poo poo contains gut bacteria eaten others and one acquires their bacteria so you can put mice in a box some healthy and some that have COPD and emphysema and they'd swap their microbiomes through eating each other's poo and the incredible result is mice that have emphysema getting improvement in symptoms after eating the poo of healthy mice new gut bacteria have treated them it's really exciting stuff so the good news is you found a potential treatment for emphysema bad news is we have to eat each other's poop the velocity that's fly correct although we can make it a lot more palatable and by and we call this transfusion which is a term that we're trying to bring into the literature fills trans person is yep a poo transplant it evolves taking feces from a healthy person and putting them in the gut of someone suffering disease hence providing them with you gut bacteria officially it's known as a fecal transplant I must say this is one of the strangest procedures I film as a science journalist and hey I once film myself drinking my own urine which I'd like to point out was properly filtered beforehand but you know we may snicker and be a bit revolted by this procedure but it could turn out to be a really important treatment no one is yet doing fecal transplants in people for emphysema but they are trialing the procedure for another debilitating disease thought to be connected to bad gut bacteria ulcerative colitis it's an inflammatory bowel disease and Ana has suffered it for more than half a decade so I was sick at about 22 so I'm 29 now and I had really bad diarrhea you know I couldn't control it go into the toilet you know 30 40 times a day and I couldn't sleep fevers sore back you know those 30 40 times a day was not food it was mostly just blood and water I mean that must have had a huge impact on your life you can't go anywhere you can't plan for trips can't plan anything can't even go to the shops to buy something this inflammatory bowel disease can be treated with powerful drugs but they can have terrible side effects my face would blow up like three times a size in a matter of days I'd put on ten 15 kilos in a matter of a few weeks and then the mental things would get quite anxious and very aggressive and you also couldn't sleep at night so they're just horrible really horrible drug so a new treatment for the condition is being trialed at Sydney's subventions hospital a fecal transplant now it's a for medical procedure complete with general anaesthetic in fact very similar to a colonoscopy an endoscope is first sent into the bowel to check the damage from the colitis so this fear looks like a completely normal bowel see all the normal vessels and then we get to the affected area here which is about 15 centimeters from the anus as you can see it's significantly different to one the normal bowel looks like those ulcers caused the terrible symptoms after biopsies are taken the team prepares for the fecal transplant the theory behind the fecal transplantation is that it's the ultimate probiotic you're implanting live bacteria into another person's system to try to revert their flora to the floor of a patient without inflammatory bowel disease the fecal sample has to be placed far along the column it's approximately a meter right yeah hopefully amazing it's a long way we find that putting it into this area helps the body to retain it better this is the infusion going in now she has three syringes total of approximately 300 mils the patient has several top ups over the next two months then don't know if it's been successful did it work yeah yeah yeah it worked it work so I think I've ever gone to the shop so much before you know I can go for walks I can play with my kid in the park I don't have to sort of worry where's a toilet bring a change of clothes with me all that sort of stuff we don't know yet if this works for everyone or even if it's a permanent cure but if it does treat inflammatory bowel disease the way is paved for other ailments like emphysema and even multiple sclerosis in many ways inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis are related on an immunological level the cells that attack the gut in inflammatory bowel disease are very similar to cells that attack the brain and the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis so Sokka started experiments with mice initially we had shown that animals that had no gut bacteria did not develop multiple sclerosis and so what this told us is that perhaps gut microbes had some role in triggering the inflammatory cascade that results in multiple sclerosis and the possibilities don't stop there Sarkis has even found that autism seems to be related to gut bacteria small molecules released by gut bacteria can travel through the circulation and potentially enter the brain and affect brain function intriguingly people with autism do often have gut problems and have different gut bacteria and psychosis lab is working on a simpler treatment than a fecal transplant a pill developed from good bacteria probiotics and they've already treated autistic mice and the therapy that we used was a probiotic that our laboratory studied for many years that has effects essentially in repairing the gut what we did was we administered this probiotic to animals that had autistic like behavior and not only were we able to correct the gastrointestinal symptoms but we were able to also correct many of the behavioural symptoms that these mice exhibited the behavioral symptoms that are associated with human autism it'll be some time before human trials can begin but excitingly other diseases may be treated by the same probiotic that is our long-term goal is to potentially treat multiple sclerosis inflammatory bowel disease psoriasis asthma a variety of different autoimmune and allergic disorders because the immune response that we believe triggers all of these disorders is very very similar and so the tissues may be different for these diseases but the immune response is similar I'm well into the second week now of my high fiber diet I'm so much better now last week I was just complaining I take it all back researchers in Brisbane are working on a different pill to treat inflammatory disease Matt Cooper's lab has studied the immune system receptor that vinegar locks into to work its magic now they're trying to improve on nature we're looking at a different type of molecule that works on the same receptor that does the same job but is more potent and lasts longer they design a molecule to latch on to the receptor it's a bit like a key in the lock type of paradigm then the molecules turned out in bulk how do you produce large quantities of a single molecule that you've designed well you trick a bacterium into doing it for you with a bit of genetic tinkering in this case they're using a coli or Bo a version of it that doesn't make you see you then multiply up a bacteria in a fermenter and collectively they produce grams of your designer compound the compound can't be used yet in people what we can do is we can use animals as models for these diseases to try and help save human lives later so we can induce a model of asthma and COPD and a mouse what's exciting when we can stop all the effects of lung function hypertension all of the things that happen in the lung we can ameliorate with the compound human trials for this drug are about a decade away meanwhile my gut results are in the plots compare the types of bacteria I have with the general populations basically I've got a lot of firmicutes and my overall profile is nowhere near typical pool I seem to be quite far from normal in some areas I don't know if that's good or bad yeah absolutely so you are Oster her percent Firmicutes right yeah alarmingly Firmicutes often go hand-in-hand with obesity but apparently I have a different kind so you've got a lot of Firmicutes for what they are is mostly women of caucus and so that's very interesting because what the romantic caucus is doing is it's tending to take your dietary fiber and then it's fermenting that dietary fiber to reiterate in your large intestine so do you also have a pretty high fiber intake I do yeah was it sounding better I was getting concerned that the things were pretty bad bacteria no absolutely not quite the contrary Rob can even tell some specifics it's interesting we can make some guesses so the oxalobacter man tends to show up if you eat a lot of leafy green vegetables like silver Bayesian things is that something that you do a lot of yeah yeah absolutely let's see your way out on the extremes for that so that was all good news for me those dairy and weaken tolerances seem to have done me a favor but how would Gideon's gut bacteria be after his four-week high-fiber diet well his results showed more good bacteria and a greater diversity to see if that translated to better health we gave him another fast-food challenge can we measure his Bloods so we've got getting his new results how did he go I do and I want to know how you did it because the results are spectacular Gideon's blood sugars fats and insulin response were vastly improved what was amazing for me was how much less insulin you needed it took half the amount of insulin to clear the same amount of carbohydrate out of your system as it did the first time around so everything is working so much better how did you do it changed my diet I just changed I replaced every bad meal that I used to be eating with good meals I mean that's pretty amazing that just eating a good guy for one month has made all this difference the body senses food in response to it almost immediately so you can actually affect improvements in health within two or three days of changing your diet it's a pretty impressive result it's good news isn't it yeah I can't believe it I'm flabbergasted it's great but can Gideon stick to the diet so if it you said it was relatively easy to get a really remarkable result and my insides are clearly much healthier now than they were before so that's really inspired me to keep going because if it is that easy why not keep it up using food as thy medicine is so simple yet so powerful and open to all of us to put into practice next time on catalyst inside australia's world war 1 submarine the ae2 we reveal her hidden secrets and investigate what scientists are doing to protect her from the ravages of time and when you shed those extra kilos where does the fat go connect with catalyst on facebook twitter instagram youtube and our web site

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Channel: ABC Science

Views: 132,480

Rating: 4.8622222 out of 5

Keywords: microbiome, gut, gut health, stomach, stomach bug

Id: klnYh7SZRic

Channel Id: undefined

Length: 28min 38sec (1718 seconds)

Published: Mon Aug 25 2014

Reddit Comments

This was a fun BBC Catalyst program to watch. A lot of it is about our gut microbiota. But they also talk about the benefits of vinegar. They used vinegar and high fiber diets to treat asthma in mice.

Also, after a month of a high fiber diet, one person was able to clear a junk food meal with half the amount of insulin than as before.

Fasting, fiber, vinegar. Dr. Fung has been on the money all along.

👍︎︎ 3 👤︎︎ u/BafangFan 📅︎︎ Sep 21 2016 🗫︎ replies

Maaan, I keep reading how awesome vinegar is but I just cant get used to its taste...

👍︎︎ 1 👤︎︎ u/KyokuPL 📅︎︎ Sep 21 2016 🗫︎ replies

Thanks for posting this, I for one can't wait for the future to find out the specifics of our microbiome.

Maybe one day gut bacteria will be tailored for the individual for bespoke optimal health, seems like where we will end up.

Personally after reading on how ACV decreases the insulin response I've been trying my beat to have some when I eat, can't say I've experienced any noticeable effect.

👍︎︎ 1 👤︎︎ u/nillotampoco 📅︎︎ Sep 22 2016 🗫︎ replies

please someone give me a link to download the whole movie

👍︎︎ 1 👤︎︎ u/brasileiro555 📅︎︎ Sep 22 2016 🗫︎ replies