Guided tour of the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum - Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center at Dulles Airport

hello and welcome to the adva hazy Center here near deles airport which is a part of the smithonian air and space museum now this is one of my favorite Aviation Space Museums in the world and in this video I'm going to take you on a guided tour of it it's going to be a pretty long video so if there's a particular aircraft type that you're interested in then I'm going to list them all down below in the video description I'm also going to do timestamps as usual so you can click on those but otherwise sit back and enjoy the show there are some incredible displays in here including the space shuttle Orbiter the actual record-breaking Bell X1 the b29 that dropped the first ever atomic bomb in anger and even a German Horton flying wing here is a map of the whole museum and I plan to start on the left looking at the military aircraft and then checking out the space display in the middle and then more aircraft on the right it's an incredible place so let's get into it we'll start down at ground level although the whole museum has raised platforms which provide a brilliant view of everything and I'll include footage from those later let's work our way down the ramp and first up is the Republic f105d Thunder Chief which was a supersonic fighter bomber that could carry both nuclear and Conventional Weapons and first flu in 1959 just showing you how rapidly aircraft design was progressing even though it only had a single turbo jet engine it had a greater bomb load than either the B17 Flying Fortress or the B24 from W War I in Vietnam two- seat versions of these were used as wild weasels where they will draw attention from on this next missile the Soviet sa2 and destroy the launch site with either an anti-radiation missile or other Munitions this is the type of missile that shot down Gary Powers in his U2 in 1960 but it was first used the year beforehand in China where a Taiwanese Martin IB 57d camra was shot down at 65,66 FT although they credited it to a Chinese fighter to keep the sa2 program secret next is the Bell a1f which was an attack version of the hu that you'll see next it shared the same engine proper in transmission but attached to a much thinner fuselage these had a whole array of weapons including Rockets miniguns cannons and grenade launchers next is the famous huy which was an incredibly durable transport helicopter built in greater numbers than any other US military aircraft except for the B24 bomber but if more room was needed there was this Boeing verto ch46 e seeking which incredibly was in service from 1964 until 2015 it was the first Marine turbine powered Assault Helicopter as the predecessor h21 was powered by less reliable Pistons this operated as the main medium lift helicopter before eventually being replaced by the mh6 and mv20 Osprey these could carry up to 24 troops 15 stretches and two attendance or £7,000 of equipment this is a Sikorski JIS one amphibious sea plane that was actually at Pearl Harbor on December 7th 1941 these first flew in 1935 and were used to transport cargo and humans a search and rescue and Patrol roll immediately after the attack this was sent to look for the Japanese Fleet in a civilian role these were known as the baby Clippers and could carry between 18 and 25 passengers in a reasonable amount of comfort for that era this is the jb2 Loon missile which was an American reverse engineered German V1 flying bomb these came too late for the war in Europe but were planned to be used in the invasion of Japan although that never eventuated thankfully behind is the F100 super saber the first us afjet to break the sound barrier and level flight and next to it is a fuselage of a B17 awaiting restoration let's jump back to near where we started and keep exploring next is the Soviet Mig 21f and in front of that is a small white atal missile which was ass Soviet copy of the American side wander at a heat seeking missile in 1958 an f86 fired one at a Chinese Jet and it lodged itself but didn't detonate so they flew back to the base and gave it to the Soviet allies the Mig 21 was the soviet's second generation fighter and capable of reaching Mac 2 it remained quite a thin and agile design which allowed for it to be fast even though it only had a single turbo jet engine over 11,000 of these were built all around the world it had the central nose cone which both provided room for a radar system as well as creating a shock wave to slow incoming supersonic air so that it could be ingested by the engine next is a McDonald f4s Phantom 2 in this aircraft in 1972 the crew engaged three enemy migs and successfully shot down a MIG 21 like the one you just saw these heavy but very powerful twin engine Jets operated as fighter bombers interceptors and also in a wild re role to dest destroy enemy missile sights these upward deflections on the wing tips were because they discovered later during wind tunnel testing that it was quite unstable and instead of adjusting the angle of the whole Wing which would have been quite a big deal that lateer in the development program they were able to just get away with angling up the wing tips next is an a APG 59 radar and this is the reason why the F4 has such a large nose as these would sit inside it it was to allow for the radar systems and sometimes guns hence while Jets moov their nose mounted air intakes to the sides or Underside as we see with the F16 this next aircraft is a Grumman a6e Intruder which was a subsonic or weather attack aircraft and flown by the US Navy therefore it would take off and land on a carrier and the Marine Corp their impressive range in bomb load allowed them to complete many low altitude intrusion missions to destroy enemy targets the Navy replaced them with the f14d from 1997 this is the locked Martin x35b which was a stealthy supersonic multiroll fighter this prototype includes a lift fan engine and was the first aircraft in history to do a short takeoff reach supersonic speed in level flight and perform a vertical Landing all within the same flight this then became the F35 lightning 2 this aircraft was designed to operate for multiple different services such as the Navy and the Air Force and also relies heavily on technology rather than raw power and maneuverability so it has a slower top speed than the latest Russian Jets but will destroy them from 100 m away next we have a grammond ea 6B pra which would look familiar because it's based on the A6 that we saw two planes ago this is an electronic warfare aircraft and flight with the attack group where their role is to confuse enemy defenses by jamming their Radars and communication systems and they also carry anti-radiation missiles too which are drawn to those radiation emitting enemy Radars and in blue is the McDonald Douglas fa18c Hornet it's an all weather multiroll carrier capable fighter and ATT tack aircraft this one served in Operation Desert Storm in 1991 and was then transferred to the Blue Angel Navy demonstration team in 2015 there is a Super Hornet version which first flew in 1995 and these look similar but have a 25% larger airframe more powerful engines and upgraded avionics while the Hornet has mostly been retired these Hornets remain in service including with my home country Australia up here on the roof we have the sakori HH 52a seard which was the US Coast Guard's first turbine power Chopper and the first that could land in water without using complicated floats thus making it a great rescue aircraft next is the grman f14d Tomcat a twin engine carrier launched Supersonic and variable sweep fighter these were originally designed around a radar system and a phoenix airto a a 54 missiles that would operate in a fleet defense role air superiority and precision strike roll this actual aircraft was credited with one Mig kill in 1989 near the coast of Libya the USA retired these in 2006 although the Iranian Air Force still fly them albeat in low numbers due to the lack of spare parts due to the trade embargos a variable sweep Wing design similar in theory to the f111 and Tornado from that era was designed to maximize both advantages of a minimal and maximum Wing sweep and while it would produce impressive numbers as this did have a top speed of Mac 2.4 and would also allow for easy carrier Landings it was very complex and heavy hence when newer Jets have gone back to fixed wings moving along is the vort rf8 G Crusader with a rather unique looking chin air intake this allowed it to keep a fairly narrow fuselage as there were no Sid mounted air intakes and allowed for room above it for the radar system it's a single seater supersonic carrier based jet and the last American fighter to use guns as the primary weapon so it was called the last of the gunfighters this was a photo reconnaissance version hence why there are those transparent screens on the sides of the fuselage with massive cameras behind them it first flew in 1955 and was the first carrier based fighter capable of exceeding 1,000 mph you can see here the variable incident wing which was a novel idea where Wings angle of attack could be changed in relation to the rest of the fuselage this would help slow the landing and takeoff speed which was important for a carrier newer carrier based Jets were so powerful that this wasn't really necessary next is an extremely shiny loated t33a shooting star this was the usaf's jet trainer from 1948 until 57 and based on the f80 which was the first mass-produced American jet fighter this fighter itself was only averag because it it was immediately outpaced by the swept Wing Mig 15 resulting in the f86 being rushed into the air and speaking of both of those aircraft here they are first is the f86 which was America's first swiftt Wing Jet allowing to battle with the mig5 over Korea just under 10,000 were built including in Australia where the Aussies installed more powerful rolls Rose turbojet engines significantly increasing their performance the new Wing did allow for a great top speed in fact it could hit 68 7 mph at sea level although interestingly one did probably break the sound barrier in a dive although that record doesn't count as speed records need to be done in level flight they had six 50 c Browning machine guns in the nose although rockets and bombs could also be fitted and here's the primary adversary that's Mig 15 this aircraft terrified the Americans when it arrived as it really was an advanced design it first flew in 1947 and while the wing design was Advanced Soviet jet engines were not in fact it was the Brits that led the world at the time the UK government was Keen to improve relations with the Soviets so they gave them Rolls-Royce NE turbo Jets including the blueprints which were subsequently copied and assembled not under license it was quite a policy failure on behalf of the Brits next is a really special piece of History it's the Bell X1 this very aircraft on October 14th 1947 became the first plan to fly faster than the speed of sound it was powered by reaction motor's xlr1 rocket engine producing 6,000 lb of thrust with four separate Chambers burning liquid oxygen and ethyl alcohol diluted with water it was launched from the Bombay of a b29 and it went on after that Mac 1 flight to break more records including reaching Mac 1.45 or 957 mph and an altitude of 71,900 Ft the shape was based on a browning 50 c bullet which was known to be stable in supersonic flight and it was fitted with a straight Wing they were aware of swept wings at the time but they weren't comfortable to use them just yet there was the bell x1b and that is on display at the national US Air Force Museum and there's a video on that on my channel let's move into the space section and first up is the space shuttle Orbiter Discovery this was the longest serving Orbiter completing 39 missions traveling 150 million miles and spent a combined total of 365 days in space this was one of six built although one of those the Enterprise was only used for atmospheric testing and never went into space these were the result of the NASA project to create a reusable orbital spacecraft and were in operation between 1981 and 2011 sadly two were lost one with a launch failure and another during re-entry this Orbiter was intentionally left in the same condition as when it returned to Earth for the final time and it's fascinating seeing the heat resistant tiles in various stages of Decay I explain the different skin surfes in more detail in a separate video although they calculated which areas would heat the most and use different materials in fact the upper sections which were not exposed to Extreme Hot temperature were covered in a cloth-like material it has a double Delta shaped wing and at the rear were several engines and Below those was a heat resistant panel to Shield the lower engines from the EXT ex re-entry heat it had three main engines powered by Fuel from the attached orange fuel tank and these could be swiveled to give directional control during the launch and once they reached orbit they will be turned off for the rest of the mission the other smaller engines were used for directional control within space looking underneath and you can see the state of the tiles and the tricycle landing gear this isn't deployed until just before touchdown and once it's down it cannot be retracted until the next mission there were multiple redundancies to ensure that it would be lowered and if they all failed then there were small explosives that would fire to lower it and avoid a belly landing here we have a 1 in 48 scale model of the satin 5 launch vehicle and I'll take you around a proper one of those in Houston in another video they're pretty incredible considering how old they are and really are massive next is a Mercury capsu 15b and what's especially interesting is that this is in the orbital configuration unlike most other ones you see including next one this still has the Rockets attached to the underside and the unused parachutes attached to the other end this was due to take Ellen sheeper into space but was cancelled due to the success of the other Mercury missions and resources were moved to the Gemini Project next is the Mercury capsule Big Joe which was the second ever launched and unmanned you'll see that its heat shield has the scarring showing that it has been put through the Earth's atmosphere instead of the pilot it had a lot of automated equipment and prepared the way for the first first man [Music] launch next is the mer capsu friendship 7 and this is the very one that took John Glenn into orbit for the first time ever for an American it was launched by an atlas rocket it orbited the world three times and returned to Earth 5 hours later this is an incredible piece of history now this is interesting it's a Gemini paraglider capsule instead of returning to Earth with the parachute and then in in the ocean NASA considered installing an inflatable paraglider from inside the module this would allow a control descent and a landing on a Runway and while NASA did cancel the idea North American built this fullscale example and dropped it from a helicopter to ensure that it worked and it did this is the Apollo command moduled astronaut trainer and this very one was used by the Apollo 11 crew to practice their routines and emergencies the flotation collar and bags attached to this display are the actual ones from the real Columbia Command Module used in Apollo 11 that bought Armstrong alen and Colin's home this is the mqf the mobile quarantine facility which as the name suggests was used for astronauts when they returned from the Moon the idea is that this would prevent the spread of any unknown lunar contagion and included a living and sleeping quarters a kitchen and a bathroom it was in a negative pressure room and all expelled air was filtered this is the the actual one used by the Apollo 11 crew where they remained for 65 hours while it was all flown from the aircraft carrier Hornet to the Johnson Space Center in Houston once scientists were sure that they weren't carrying any Moon germs they were allowed out and moving further along is the Gemini heat shield traveling at 177,000 mph it generated a lot of heat but interestingly actually created a shock wave in the atmosphere which held off a lot of that heat a lot of this technology came from the early ballistic missile Warhead designs this is a redstone missile which was the first American large scale liquid fueled missile to become operational modified versions of these put the first American artificial satellite into orbit in 1958 and the first American inter space as a missile it had a range of 250 Mi and could carry a conventional or nuclear warhead it was replaced by the all solid fuel persing missile in 1964 the Corporal missile was the first American operational Ed ballistic missile and could carry either a conventional or nuclear warhead it first flew in 1947 but it didn't become operational until 1954 this is a little John missile and was a short range surfac to surface US Army missile and also fitted with either conventional or nuclear warheads moving over to this light colored German Fritz guarded bomb from World War II these were dropped from high altitude which would otherwise make aiming almost impossible and guided by a joystick and trans committer on board the plane spoilers in the tower would move changing its trajectory later versions used a wire to direct them as they would avoid radio interference this green thing is a German experimental anti-aircraft missile from World War II and was deployed in March 1945 much too late for the war effort it was Guided by an operator using a telescopic site and joystick connected to the missile via radio waves this light colored object is a German HS 293 A1 and it was an air launched and assisted by liquid fuel rockets that fired for 10 seconds and then the Bombardier would control it via a joystick and radio waves these sank several Allied ships from mid 1943 this large and brightly colored rosha R1 missile was a German two-stage anti-aircraft missile tested towards the end of the war it was one of the largest solid fuel Rockets of the war but mostly supplanted by the R3 version only 82 of these were ever launched continuing the German theme jumping across we have the V2s turbo pump this Drew propellant from the tanks and pushed them into the combustion chamber in fact around 20,000 lb of water alcohol and liquid oxygen were removed in the 60c burn and this here is that combustion chamber cut away so that you can partially see inside where the 25 tons of th was developed the heat inside here would reach around 4,900 F the next exhibit is an American Redstone Rocket engine which would be attached to the Redstone Rocket we saw a moment ago this was one of the first American liquid fuel rocket engines mass produced this was the engine used to put Alan Shepard into space for the first time and was the Forerunner of many other large engines including the space shuttle Orbiter main rocket engines this produced around 78,000 lound of thrust this is a 1 to 24 scale Navajo missile and booster designed to be an InterContinental surface to surface missile that could carry a nuclear warhead but it was canceled I show you a full scale X10 missile used during the developmental process in my US Air Force Museum from Dayton here's the engine it would use a two chambered liquid fueled rocket engine that would work as a booster until it was flying fast enough for the Ramjet engines to be used it was all incredibly complex leading to its cancellation as the cost was almost $1 billion next is a Jupiter S3 rocket engine which was a modification of the redstone engine and this powered the Jupiter missile that was the first American intermediate range ballistic missile this was modified with the addition of upper stages and redesignated the Juno 2 which became a launch vehicle for the lunar probes and satellites this is a H1 rocket engine which evolved from the Jupiter missile engine eight of these powered the first stage of of the satin 1 and 1B Rockets satin 1 B's launched Apollo 7 the first human Apollo test vehicle inter space in 1968 this two chamber engine is a Titan 1 XLR 87 powering the first stage of the Titan 1 intercontinental ballistic missile and I'll show you one of those missiles in my video filmed at the Air Force Museum in Dayton this is a full scale model Pack 2 missile used in The Patriot ground launched Interceptor system this is a standard missile 3 a three-stage US Navy ship launched Interceptor to defend against short and medium-range ballistic missiles with a range of 300 Mi and up to an altitude of over 100 m this is the r8j Taos shipped to air missile used from 1957 to 1979 it had a Ramjet main stage that fired up after the first stage rocket got it up to speed and then dropped off this is a sub Rock anti-submarine missile operated by the US Navy that was launched from underwater where it rises to the surface and flies for up to 50 Mi before ejecting its rocket motor and re-entering the water to home in on the enemy submarine they entered operation in 1965 and could carry a nuclear warhead next up and straight ahead is the aena B upper stage this was used during the 1960s as an orbital injection vehicle for Midas and other satellites it was fitted into a Thor or Atlas D launch vehicle between 1960 and 63 it was used as the corona photo reconnaissance satellite which flew under the name of the discoverer moving back towards the spatial Orbiter and we have the AGM 76 a falcon missile it was an air to ground version of the Falcon missile that was usually air to air this one has toughs of string attached to show how air would flow over it during aerodynamic testing the AGM 76 was planned to be used on the f108 and then the locked F12 although neither made it into production by the way these videos take a long time to edit and research in fact the script for this one was around 8,000 words so if you enjoyed it and want to see more of these long godded tour videos through museums then please give it a thumbs up and comment below moving on in this massive grayl looking missile is the US Navy Poseidon C3 these were submarine launched ballistic missiles used from 1971 until the early 1990s and these replaced the Polaris missiles as you can see there are two stages and these coded 14 nuclear warheads each capable of hitting separate targets these started to be replaced by the Trident C4 from 1979 the smaller missile in front is an air launched anti-satellite missile that could operate up to an altitude of 350 Mi five were tested including one launched from an F-15 fighter jet which successfully destroyed an old American satellite in 1985 but the program was eventually cancelled this is an AGM 886a which was the first US AF air launched cruise missile it could carry either a conventional or nuclear warhead and was powered by a turbo fan engine because it flew so low to the ground it was difficult for enemy Radars to detect this big white thing is a Pegasus XL air launch vehicle which is flown up to 39,000 ft on the Mother Ship such as a locked l111 where it's dropped and the rocket engine kicks in taking it up to space it's capable of carrying a 1,000 payload such as a satellite into orbit this green thing is a TM 61c Meador which was the second version of the US AF Meador cruise missile it was was launched by solid fuel Rockets before an onboard jet engine took over the rest of the journey they were replaced by the mace cruise missile in 1962 this is a p15 termit surfac to surface anti- ship missile put into service in 1958 in 1967 an Egyptian termit sunk the Israeli Destroyer elat this is a replica of a rocket that Robert Godard used for the first successful rocket test using liquid fuel in March 16th 19 26 it reached an altitude of 41 ft while covering a horizontal distance of 184 ft let's jump into the future again and look at some of these space Vehicles this larger structure with the brown head is a Vaga solar system Pro bus and Landing apparatus this flew by Venus and launched several instruments and Landers and then it flew through the tale of Haley's Comet in front of it is a full scale engineering prototype Mars pathf final Lander and so Jer Rover reaching Mars in July 1997 this entered through the thin atmosphere and was slowed by parachutes and then Rockets before bouncing a landing on inflated airbags then it unfolds revealing the sourna which drove off it to study the Martian surface it's hard to gauge the size of these things from NASA photos so it's incredible to see it in the metal and we'll see more of these in my Museum of Flight video this is a space lab subsystem igloo which was an enclosed laboratory module next is a space lab transfer tunnel juggle section which allowed for internal passage of equipment and astronauts between the space shuttle's mid deck cabin crew and the space lab in the shuttle's open payload Bay it's really fascinating seeing it in the flesh because it really highlights how large everything is this Vaga atmospheric experiment and balloon was released from the spacecraft into Venus's atmosphere under it was a gondola of instruments 42 ft long and they measured the velocity density light levels and the pressure as it floated around Venus for 2 days in this cabinet is the space suit of James Irwin which he wore on the Apollo 15 moon landing in 1971 it's an incredibly complex suit and it's completely covered in moondust which is actually very abrasive but it's great that they've kept it in the original condition this is a toilet from space which is made especially Complicated by the lack of gravity therefore the person has to be well strapped in to ensure there isn't any leakage into the rest of the cabin which sounds lovely now if you enjoy these types of videos please comment below and give the video a thumbs up it encourages YouTube to promote it so that I don't have to do product placements and promote something I'm paid to say is amazing it's obviously quite expensive flying from Australia and making these videos but enough about me let's get back to the aircraft CFT this is the Curtis sb2 C5 hell diver which was a carrier based dive bomber operated by the US Navy where it supplemented and replaced the Douglas SBD dauntless it was powered by r r 26004 cylinder airod radial engine and had onboard guns rockets and bombs stored in an internal Bombay and underwing hardpoints it could also carry Mark 13 Torpedoes it wasn't overly popular with Air Cruise due to its size weight and reduced range when compared with the SPD replaced next we jump over to the German side with the last remaining dorer do 335 Arrow which was a heavy fighter introduced in 1944 it was one of the fastest piston aircraft ever built and had a unique push and pull Arrangement providing the power of two engines but without the usual increase in drag of a widen fusel or positioning the two engines on the wings you have to look fairly closely but there is propeller right at the tail of the the plane the war ended before this entered large scale production but it certainly shows how advanced and unique German designs were next is another gy and it's the only one anywhere in the world it's the aado AR 234b Blitz this was the world's first operational jet bomber and reconnaissance aircraft and was introduced in September 1944 with a top speed of 459 mph it easily eluded Allied piston Fighters 214 were built but it arrived too late to have a meaningful influence over the war's outcome this jet was captured in Norway by the British and handed over to the Americans next is a hle h 219 which is the only Soul Survivor of its type it was a night fighter and the first German aircraft fitted with a steerable nose wheel and ejection seats those antennas on the front were what it would use to identify Allied aircraft while flying at night and then use up to eight cannons to destroy them some of the engineering coming out of Germany during World War II was pretty impressive and it's lucky that poor decisions from the leadership well other than starting the whole war of course LED them to lose probably faster than they otherwise would have I'll show you the Flying Wing Jet and the rocket Interceptor later in the video this is a wolf FW 190f which made up the backbone of the Luft waffers fighter command in addition to the BF 109 this was the only German fighter powered by a radial engine and the only fighter in the war with an electrically operated landing gear and flaps these first flew in 1939 above is a Horton Wing which probably flew as the ho3 but someone modified it by removing the seat and installing test equipment later on in the video I'll show you the incredible Horton ho229 Flying Wing Jet and also we have a Northrop flying wing too moving into some civilian aircraft and we have the yonas ju52 this German designed trans B first flew in 1930 first flying in a civilian role before the Nazis took over the company for the war effort much to the objection of Hugo yunas powered by three BMW 9 cylinder air cooled radial piston engines and 4,800 of these were built they used a corrugated Dural luminum metal skin which was Stronger but did create more drag than other similar and smoother materials this could carry 17 passengers or 3 tons of freight and were used throughout the world although during World War II they were the Luft wff's primary transporter and even served as bombers this small aircraft is a balanka CF which was the first american-built prototype for the first line of successful cabin aircraft this was unique because the passengers were all enclosed in a relatively quiet and comfortable cabin rather than exposed to the weather next is something special because it's the only one left in the world it's the Boeing 307 Strater this was derived D from the B17 Flying Fortress bomber and was the first airliner in revenu service with a pressurized cabin which with the supercharged engines allowed it to cruise over rough weather it was also significantly faster than the likes of the DC3 initially it had a capacity of 33 passengers although that eventually increased to 60 only 10 of these were ever built because there was more interest in the Douglas dc6 and locked constellation this aircraft was restored but crashed into 2002 on the delivery flight to the museum so it was restored a second time I should mention that the lockade constellation is often considered to be the airliner that introduced the world to comfortable pressurized flight and that's sort of a technicality this Boeing was actually first but with only 10 built barely anyone flew in them it was the Connie that would have been the first actual pressurized airliner that most people saw in the metal next is an airfrance Concord this supersonic airliner that first flew in 1969 which was the same year as the first 747 flight has this agal delta wing which I'll explain more in my Concord and Tu 144 videos it was powered by for turbojet engines which did come with afterburners although they weren't required for supersonic Crews thus saving the fuel it's interesting that they went with turbo Jets as everyone else was moving towards turbo fans at the time although it's because the turbo Jets were physically much smaller therefore it would create a lot less drag at supersonic speed speaking of the TU 144 again one of those versions did have turbo fans and they were noticeably much larger thus producing more drag and speaking of the constellation just before which was far more popular than the 307 this ahead of you is the locked c121c based off the the longer Super Constellation this was a military version with cargo doors and a strengthened landing gear it has a very unique and Slick shape with that long nose wheel strut lifting the whole fuselage further off the ground to ensure the huge props wouldn't hit the TAC the props themselves were spun by four huge r r 3350 18 cylinder radial engines producing around 3,400 horsepower each and originally used in the b29 TU Fortress they had a unique turbo compound system where the turbine recovers energy from the exhausting gases but instead of this dvan turbocharger that energy is directly transferred to the output shaft then at the back we have the unique triail where the surface area of a large single vertical fin was spread over three smaller ones thus allowing it to fit into a smaller hanger this setup did add additional complexity though and as we'll see shortly with the Boeing -80 the next gener eration of airliners reverted back to the single tow design and they just built bigger buildings directly above is the Virgin Atlantic Global flyer which was an all composite jet that Steve faucet used in 2005 to fly solo and non-stop around the world in 67 hours it contains 13 fuel tanks holding 2,915 gallons of fuel which makes up 83% of the whole aircraft's weight next on the left we have the first ever Sikorski yh1 19a this was the first practical single rotor utility aircraft where they solved the center of gravity issues with the previous ones by moving the engine forward and below the cockpit and putting the passenger compartment below the rotor Hub this series of helicopters went on to be used by all US military branches throughout the 1950s next is the main landing gear of an Airbus A330 and A340 and these weigh £7,500 each this was removed from an A330 that had a force Landing in 2001 and put on display because they weren't allowed to put it on any other aircraft of course and looking at the concord's nose landing gear what this doesn't show you is just how tall the Concord is the delta wing is great at high speed but at low speed it doesn't produce a lot of lift therefore the nose has to be lifted up a long way which is a high angle of attack for the landing and takeoff but because of this high angle the tail is at risk of a ground strike therefore the whole plane had to be raised up this small aircraft here is a Sikorski X2 high-speed technology demonstrator now one of the problems with increasing helicopter speed is the loss of lift on one side which limits forward speed so they've got around this problem with coaxial rotors on top of each other they encounter retreating blade stall at the same time and counteract each other in 2010 this reached a speed of 288 mph or 463 km an hour moving past the Boeing 307 we moved towards the Boeing 367-80 also known as just the -80 this was a prototype demonstrating the jet design and was modified into the KC 135 tanker for the military and the Boeing 707 civilian airliner both of whom were incredibly success successful the tanker version remains in service to this day albeit with newer turbo fan engines it was this very aircraft the Tex Johnson famously Barrel rolled in 1955 wind showing it off to the airline Executives watching from the ground it's common place now although this swept Wing design was unique for an airliner and putting the engine in pods underneath the wings unlike inside the wings as we saw with the dein comet had a number of advantages they were much easier to perform maintenance on and replace them and if there was a problem in flight they were kept well away from the wing in fact with a comment they actually had to line the engine with armor so that the wing and fuselage would be protected if there was an uncontained explosion while looking almost identical the production 707 and KC 135 were wider than this aircraft in fact the American Airlines boss told Boeing that he wouldn't buy it unless it was an inch wider than the Douglas dc8 what's also interesting is that the same nose has been used on the 727 and the 737 with minor modifications so a brand new 7378 Max has essentially the same nose as this this was originally fitted with turbo jet engines although later models were fitted with more efficient turbo fans and the VC 137 version flew as Air Force One and I'll take you on a tour through that in another video the 707 first flew in 1957 and a very small number remained in service to this day although not carrying passengers spinning around and we have the locked p38j lightning which was a single seat twin piston engine fighter used during World War II it was extremely versatile operating as a general fighter a night fighter long range escort fighter and even did some bombing itself over 10,000 of these were built and looking up we have an incredible piece of History it's anola gay the actual b29 TI Fortress that dropped the atomic bomb in August 1945 on hoshima the first ever dropped in anger in the history of the world it then flew the weather Recon flight for the second bomb's original Target kakura and while it did report clear skies when box car arrived the city was obscured by smoke so it went to Nagasaki instead after War it was involved in Atomic Testing at bikini atal but didn't actually drop the bomb after that it was returned to the USA and in 1946 it was decided to preserve her and transfer her to the Smithsonian institution the b29 itself was the most expensive single program of World War II even more so than the Manhattan Project to make the bomb and introduced a whole range of design features it was pressurized hence the unique rounded shape of the fuselage although interestingly they would depressurize it when flying over combat zones so that any minor scratch from shrapnel wouldn't cause a dramatic pressure differential that could tear the whole plane apart it had a comp remote gun turret system where a single man could control multiple turrets at the flick of a switch and there was no need for an actual person to sit inside the turret itself it was powered by four right R 3350 Cyclone turbo supercharged engines pushing it to a top speed of around 339 mph this smaller aircraft is a republic p47d Thunderbolt which is one of the main American fighters of World War II 15,000 of the these were built and they operated as high altitude Fighters and in a ground attack role armed with 8 50 k machine guns and 5in Rockets or 25,000 lb bomb load it would weigh up to 8 tons when fully loaded making it one of the heaviest fighters of the war the modern ground attack A10 Thunderbolt 2 took its name from this aircraft next is one of only three left anywhere in the world the kaishi n1k which was a Lander based fighter used by the Imperial Japanese Navy a service it was considered to be one of the best fighters of the war from either side it was extremely maneuverable and would automatically extend flaps during turns unlike the Mitsubishi A6 m0 this was able to compete well against the later Allied Fighters such as the P-51 Corsair and the f6f [Music] Hellcat this suron that's in the National airace Collection this float plan was designed to be launched from submarines and this is the only example H m6a anywhere in the world they designed a number of submarines to operate as aircraft carriers and the idea was that these would take these plants to the US Mainland and even the Panama Canal and RI Havoc these never saw combat this is the Kawasaki Ki 45 which was a night fighter version of the two seater twin engine Harry fighter originally it was a long range escort fighter although it struggled against more agile single engine Fighters so it was changed to operate as a day and nighttime Interceptor and Strike Fighter this here is a no section of a kushu j7w1 which was a Japanese prop driven prototype fighter plane with wings at the rear of the fuselage forward canards and a pusher engine it was meant to be a short-range Interceptor in response to the b29 raids and armed with four forward firing 30 mm cannons in in the nose only two prototypes were finished by the end of the war this twin engine aircraft is the only Nakajima J1 N1 left anywhere in the world and was used as a night fighter reconnaissance and in kamakazi missions this one has several search antennas fitted to the nose although others had search lights and others just installed more guns in the nose these did have some success against b-29s although they would only have a chance for one pass as the bone was much faster next we have this yellow Northrop n1m which first flew in 1940 Jack northrop's first flying wing from 1929 had it twin tail booms so this was going to be the first proper flying wing which he believed would have less drag and greater efficiency than traditional aircraft shapes this was built of plywood around a two Billet steel frame and powered by two engines its handling was average although it led to later designs including the XP 35 the YB 49 and and eventually the B2 Spirits stealth bomber and I've got a guided video around a prototype of that on my channel next is a Northrop P 61c Black Widow which was the first American plane designed from the start to be a night Fighter by moving the engines to the side it freed up the nose for the installation of a large radar thus allowing it to detect enemy aircraft in both bad weather and at night now I will mention the hton ho229 which was difficult to film as it was in between of the other aircraft and it's also been disassembled this is the only example anywhere in the world and it was a German prototype fighter bomber it was the first flying wing design powered by jet engines and first flew in 1944 it came about after hering Goring asked for a light bomber that could fly at 1,000 km hour which is 620 Mi and over a range of 1,000 km to reach those speeds the Horton Brothers believed that they need thirsty jet engines and to fly that f they' need a Sleek as shape as possible the Flying Wing could theoretically create a lot less drag hence why they built this this was the third one although it was only partially assembled when it was captured by the Americans during Operation Paperclip a secret us mission to capture German engineering information before the Soviets found it and shipped this to the USA for evaluation I really can't wait to see this properly restored and the Smithsonian have done a brilliant job of giving respect to both German and Japanese engineers is this is the British Hawker hurricane which was designed in the late 1930s when monoplanes were considered to be too advanced and unstable to be successful this was the first British monoplane fighter and the first to exceed 300 mph at level flight and played a major role in protecting the UK during the Battle of Britain next to it is a lock P38 J lightning one of the most successful twin engine fighters ever made these were fast due to two engines and freeing out the nose allowed for more guns let's move back in time and have a look at the only remaining loaning o1a San Francisco a two- seat amphibious B plane and operated by the US Navy and army airp these first flew in 1923 and were made of duralumin a copper aluminium alloy and had a wooden frame this did a Pan-American Goodwill flight in 1926 to 27 where they hoped to grow relations with Latin America and it also opened up the area to flight next is a sop with F1 camel which is one of the most significant and famous World War I aircraft these down to over 1,200 enemy aircraft which was more than any other Allied fighter in World War I they entered operational service in 1917 and over 5,000 were built they were powered by different rotary engines and had two machine guns that would fire between the prop blades spinning past this is a vesile blat 11 which was a French prewar aircraft from 1909 and was a tractor configuration monoplane with a partially covered box G of fuselage made from Ash with wire cross bracing it used Wing warping for lateral control this is a French calron G4 twin engine bomber and reconnaissance plane that first flew in 1915 over 1,400 were built and were powered by a lerone 9 cylinder airod rotary piston engines producing around 80 horsepower each while it was eventually used as a bomber its primary initial role was reconnaissance and then later on it was used as a trainer as it was relatively easy to fly this is only one of two remaining examples anywhere in the world it had a crew of two with a pilot and the Gunner and could fly up to 13,000 ft with a top speed of around 77 mph it had a single machine gun and could carry 250 lb of bombs moving back in time and we have the fet gagee B plane from 1912 it was powered by single Curtis 90 horsepower engine and used in many exhibition and passenger flights in 1913 it flew ocean to Ocean across Panama which was especially difficult as there weren't any open areas along the Route which could be used for emergency Landings let's jump back into the future and have a look at the incredible loid SR71 Blackbird longrange high altitude Mac 3 plus reconnaissance aircraft looking very sinister and slick from this angle it was introduced in 1966 and flew with the USAF until 1999 there was an Interceptor yf-12 version although it was never put into production and I'll take you on a tour through that single prototype in another video what's interesting with this is the bump here in the chines and this is a part of the missile warning and electronic countermeasure system when an enemy missile is detected by the antenna radio waves are aimed at it to deflect the missiles onboard homing system away there is only this system at the front and none further back because this flies so fast that no missile from behind is ever going to catch it under these chines was all of the photo reconnaissance equipment and in fact here's footage from the Evergreen Museum in Portland and you can see the actual extremely wide film that they would capture moving back and we have the pratton Whitney j58 turbo Jets which had the unique feature where at high speeds incoming air could bypass the compressors because the speed itself would act as the compressor thus making it function like a Ramjet these are much more efficient than standard turbo Jets and allowed it to cruise at such high speeds you can see the rear tires are silver and that's because they had aluminum inside the rubber so that they could handle the extreme heat of the wheel well Bay during supersonic Cruisers the friction generated would heat the skin so much that standard rubber would simply melt the forward landing gear has cooling air from the cockpit hence why its tires are just rubber to help reduce the heat on certain parts of the aircraft they would Pump Fuel around the plane to operate as a heat sink prior to being pumped to the engine for ignition while this wasn't considered to be a stealthy plan they did use radar absorbing materials on the skin to help reduce their chances of getting caught and back to the Germans again and we have this fascinating measure Smith me1 163 Comet which was the first an only rocket powered Interceptor and the first aircraft of any type to pass 1,000 km hour or 620 M hour in level flight it would reach altitude quickly but only had powered flight for 8 to 10 minutes thus rendering it less effective than they hoped 370 were built information was shared with their Japanese allies and they produced the mitubishi j8m although only seven were built before the war ended here's the rocket motor which would use hydrogen peroxide with hydren methanol mixture which was extremely volatile and was the first variable thrust rocket engine producing up to a maximum of 3,740 lb of thrust this museum is a 5-minute drive from deles International Airport and they have free luggage lockers for your baggage if you want to visit before your flight I hope you enjoyed the video and if so please comment below with what you found the most interesting I personally enjoy the German aircraft in part because I did know much about them prior to visiting it's really impressive how this American Museum has also given respect to the engineers from the opposing sides during the wars I have many other similar videos touring around American British Australian and German Aviation museums on my channel so please check them out thanks for watching

Channel: Paul Stewart

Views: 141,234

Keywords: air and space museum, dulles airport museum, Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, national air and space museum, paul stewart, paul stewart guided tour, space museum paul stewart, paul stewart air and space museum, washington dc museum tour, aviation, airplane, planes, aircraft, space shuttle discovery, dulles aviation museum, smithsonian air and space museum, Dulles annex, air and space museum dulles annex, udvar-hazy centre

Id: CpJiLUDwyx0

Length: 51min 49sec (3109 seconds)

Published: Sun Dec 31 2023