Grounded Theory

have you ever created your own theory about something no well that's exactly what you would do if you would conduct a qualitative grounded Theory study come on let's go on a journey learn more about grounded theory da da da welcome to another journey with Chris where we will obtain new levels of knowledge and awesome nurse hello scholars today we're going to journey through grounded theory on a journey we're going to cover what is grounded theory grounded theory methods and the limitations of grounded theory so what is grounded theory grounded theory is a form of qualitative research that studies people's experience with some kind of process and then generates a theory or an explanation of how that process works it's important to note here that the theory that's created in grounded theory is generated only from the data that's collected in the study the theory does not come from other sources like other theories or textbooks or the researchers own opinions or so on that's why grounded theory is called grounded theory because the theory is founded in or grounded in the data collected in the study the first step of conducting a grounded theory is to determine if grounded Theory will answer your research question grounded theory is good to use when there are no existing theories regarding the process that's of interest to the researcher or there's a theory or theories that exist but they were created from assert for a certain group of people that the research researcher is interested in for example let's say that there's no theory that exists in terms of the process of becoming a regular smoker while attending high school or college a researcher could think hmm what theoretical model could describe the process of becoming a smoker in high school or college the next step is recruitment the researcher then recruits participants who have gone through or are going through the process of interest this is known as theoretical sampling finding a sample of participants who have experienced the process and can help develop a well-rounded theory so in our example maybe it would be good to recruit smokers and former smokers from high schools and colleges and recruit people from a wide range of racist ethnicities social economic backgrounds and so on and next up is data collection and the main type of data collected in grounded theory is interview data although other forms of data can also be used for triangulation the main day that comes from interviews and interviews are conducted until such racing is reached which usually ranges anywhere from 20 to 30 or even more interviews interview questions are open-ended as always and are based on the following questions what was the process so which is known as the core phenomenon so you're going to ask questions that address the core phenomenon the process that you're interested in what influenced the core phenomenon to occur these are known as causal conditions what actions were taken by the person in response to the core phenomenon note these are known as strategies and what were the outcomes or effects of those strategies and this is known as Consequences so for our example a researcher might ask the following questions during the interviews what was the process you went through to become a regular smoker what influenced that process to occur what actions did you take in response to the process of becoming a regular smoker what outcomes or effects happened as a result of those actions all of these types of interview questions address the core phenomenon causal conditions the strategies and consequences all important for creating a good solid theory the next is data analysis and there's three stages of analysis open coding actual coding and selective coding open coding is the first stage of analysis and this is when the researcher reads the transcripts and determines different kinds of categories or themes that are found in the data think of open coding as having an open mind being open to what the participants are saying and open to the different types of categories that you're seeing in the data coding is when you circle a chunk of text and write down the name of the category you've come up with next to that chunk of text there you just coded that data during open coding researchers are also conducting constant comparative analysis which is when researchers constantly compare the data to the categories to see if you're being consistent in how you're coding the data in each category if a new chunk of data doesn't fit into a particular category maybe you need to create a new category during open coding researchers also conduct memo Eng which is when the researchers make memos to themselves throughout open coding regarding how the categories are beginning to explain the prior and how those categories can be formed into a theoretical model open coding is finished when you feel that you've you have compared the data and categories to each other over and over and over that constant comparative analysis and you feel like there are no new categories coming from the data you've read the transcript so many times you feel like you have found each major theme and there's no more things that can be made so you're done open coding and researchers would say that their data at this point has been coded axial coding is the next stage this is when the researcher uses the codes and memos and thinks about how each of the categories relate to each other this is the part of the analysis that actually develops and forms the theory the researcher looks for categories that may be the core phenomenon causal condition strategies and consequences and the researchers researcher thinks how these categories connect to each other researchers show these relationships these connections through a coding paradigm or a logic diagram diagram same thing which is a a visual model that shows the categories with lines and arrows to show an explanation of how the process works finally selective coding is when the researchers write a storyline about how the theory explains the core process how all of the categories are related it's an overall explanation of the theory and finally discriminant sampling this is the final step of grounded theory and it's when researchers recruit a whole new group of participants who are similar to the original participants and the researchers conduct the same interviews with these new participants and the point of this is to determine if the new participants experience with the process of interest will be similar to the theory that was already created this helps to test and verify if the theory is accurate or not there are some limitations with grounded theory it can be hard to recruit participants depending on the process of interest it can take a lot of time to gather data to analyze data come up with your model and so on and analysis can be difficult it can be difficult to categorize and code all of that data and there may be researcher bias in terms of the study and what the categories are and so on also small samples of missa pants because of that can we really say that their experience with that process is what's been felt by others although discriminant analysis helps to verify the model if we're only dealing with a small number of participants in a particular area of the country I'm not sure if we can really say that they're experienced with a certain process can really be pictured in a model and apply that to everyone else in the world so in conclusion grounded theory is a form of qualitative research that studies people's experience with some kind of process and then generates a theory and explanation of how that process works there are some key practices key words that are associated with grounded theory including theoretical sampling core phenomenon causal condition strategies consequences open coding constant comparative analysis memo Exel coding selective coding discriminant analysis and that the theory is grounded in the data and grounded theory has its limitations thanks for a great journey and I'll see you in class

Channel: ChrisFlipp

Views: 263,456

Rating: 4.8859081 out of 5

Keywords: research, grounded theory, qualitative, axial, open, coding, selective, constant, comparitive, analysis, saturation

Id: M2DyB-hGX-Q

Length: 7min 41sec (461 seconds)

Published: Sun Feb 16 2014