Global Youth Climate Training | Session 8 | Climate Policy

as you know there is also the Rules of Engagement please remember this this is very important we know we tell them every every time but it's very important to know as this keeps everything well organized and in a respectful manner so this is the agenda of today we have many speakers amazing interactions and amazing topics to handle so now that we are a little uh back in the schedule so we're gonna start by having a little game to ask you what is climate policy even for myself that I'm studying policy I forget what is climate policy and I want to know what do you think is climate policy so everybody please coach the mentee will have one minute maximum to know what everybody thinks about what climency policy is and we'll share that with you right now so please head to the multimeter and answer the question what climate policy is here's the code 338 okay we have six responses already Improvement decision making protection development power influence it can be in any language I speak I'm very fluent in Spanish Italian Portuguese as well a little bit of French so to answer will not be ignored do not worry about this we have influence we have Improvement protection regulation I like that word okay mitigation that's a very good one it's growing we'll have 30 more seconds before we will have to close it okay 25 seconds to go we see that direction and influences taking the lead ership good adaptation and mitigation correct from those economic push okay okay 10 seconds let's go everybody's going a bit of everywhere strong effort power empowerment a pathway I like that five seconds and we'll have to sadly move on very interesting decisions so very amazing questions but everybody is right and everybody is wrong at the same time because believe it or not everything that you have mentioned it is climate policy policy it's the end goal it's a bit of everything it's what makes us uh it give us the ability to create the thriving communities and inconsistence it's not just the responsibility of few but the collective actions of everybody so we hope that this session will ignite this passion about climate policy which is a very heavy topic I understand that it's not for everybody not even for me and we want to provide these information and this energy that you have showcased throughout these eight sessions in order to shape or decisions and share the policy that in your nation local Regional national International that we need to do to create transformative change so without further Ado we're gonna introduce our first expert speaker it we have the presence of Professor Thomas Hale Professor Hale is a researcher and explorer who has managed the transaction of problems effectively and fairly he seeks to explore how political institutions evolve or do not evolve you know electrophase racing problems of from globalizations and interdependence and he particularly emphasis on environmental economics and health issue he holds a PhD in politics in Princeton University and a master's degree in global politics from the London schools of Economic and an AV in public policy from the Princeton Woodrow Wilson School Professor Thomas hello welcome to the zoom and yeah the floor is yours please thank you Raul and great to be with you all thank you so much for having me today um I am going to share my screen and bring in some slides to walk you through but I'm really hoping that we can save a lot of time for question and discussion because that's obviously the core of what we're trying to do here so um our topic is climate policy as rule said that's a really big topic it could be really everything and so I'm going to focus in this segment on something called the unfccc which as you all will know is the United Nations framework convention on climate change and this is the body the UN body that brings together countries from all over the world to think about how we can solve climate change and so when you hear of the cops that means the conference of the parties that means the members of this body the UNF Triple C as it is called and if you've read your history books you'll know that in 1992 before most people on this call were with us countries promised in the unfccc to prevent dangerous changes in the earth's climate and since that time they've met 27 times and this year will meet for 28th time to try to make that promise real and so it's really important for us to think about when we think about climate policy this International element of it what can something like the unfccc do and what can't it do and how should we understand what it can do and as we're thinking in this these sessions how can we help it do more to advance this Critical Agenda so if you think about what quote unquote solving climate change it means it's a really big task of course we have to replace the energy source that we've used the past few hundred years we have to change Behavior across a massive scale we have to make new infrastructure new buildings find new energy sources find new industrial processes and deforestation improve agriculture give access to a new green economy to billions and billions of people around the world and many many many more things there's a huge huge list so how can something like a un meeting which is after all just a meeting that takes place every year in a different country where every country shows up and talks about things and makes agreements how can that kind of tool that sort of policy process actually give us traction over all these very very very important complicated numerous detailed and difficult tasks that addressing the climate crisis requires and I'm going to try to make the case to you that it actually is very important this body for doing a import for making an important contribution to this larger challenge but it's also really important to understand what it's good at and what it's not good at in order in order to understand what makes it work so in a few short minutes I just want to share with you basically two ideas and leave you with a third set of ideas as a exercise for you to take forward at home if you if you would wish to do so I want to talk about what in general International institutions like the UF Triple C can and can't do I want to try to it goes if I can a sort of sophisticated understanding of what um we should therefore expect from a cop or this cop in Dubai the next cops to come and then I want to dive deep down from the theory to the practice and think a bit about what are the current issues that are really animating the agenda in the U.S we'll see is it once we're hearing about the news and it's important to understand what's at stake and what we can do to influence a positive outcome there and then later in the slides which I won't talk through today but um feel free to look at them if you'd like I've outlined some of the major positions that different groups of countries have on the issues um so you can dig deeper into them if you'd like so that's the plan for the next few minutes um so first of all can International regimes like the universal seed do and what can't they do and by International regime we just mean the set of rules and institutions and processes around a certain area of world politics so we have the you actually see as the core of a climate change regime we have things like the World Health Organization and health space we have the UN Security Council and security space those are the kinds of larger regime complexes or different institutions around these different issues so you're probably already thinking what bodies like this can't do and in in popular imagination or in kind of news articles you sometimes get the impression that in international institution is made up of all these different countries as its members is some somehow similar to a government or maybe to a police officer who can sort of say okay here's the rule now we're going to make everyone follow the rule and if you think about it obviously that's not what international institutions do almost never do they have that kind of function it's not a government it's not a police officer it can't make countries do things really and so you might think okay well if you have to make these big changes in the economy and Society to address climate change how can this thing which doesn't have any power really drive that outcome and I want to suggest you that there are really kind of three Logics that Scholars like to think about when we think about the role that International institutions can play and they're not the role of being the police officer they're not the role of the being a government but they can often be quite important for developing and stimulating policy changes that then lead to the impacts we want to see happen to stop the climate crisis so let's unpack these three different Logics in order the first logic is and there's a bit of technical language here but let me explain it um as best as I can the first logic is to enhance credibility by altering information and incentives in a way that constrains members States the state's members of this institution so let me unpack that with an example during the Cold War in the last century there's a rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and you know it's really a danger to both of these countries as well as the world overall of an arms race with nuclear weapons to try to build more in the other and therefore making everyone worse off and everyone less safe and so one of the ways they found to address that risk was to create an international institution in this case is Arms Control treaty and the way that treaty worked is it said we won't build our more weapons if you don't build more weapons so countries where green these were superpowers of course agreeing to constrain themselves because it was worth it for them to limit the other country's action as well there's a reward to limiting yourself in other words by both Liberty their own actions they were able to achieve something that neither could achieve by themselves which was a safer environment and how do they make that credible by altering information so for example during to the Cold War to enforce these kinds of Arms Control treaties the Soviet Union would allow the United States to fly airplanes flying planes across its territory and similarly the United States would allow the Soviet Union to fly spy planes across its territory why it seems kind of crazy to allow your military rival to do this is because that kind of information allowed for credible communication and a lot of the other parties know that this constraint that they'd agreed was being enforced so here's a way of which a simple amount of information disclosure helps through an institution can help to create constraints that actually get you things you want that you can't get otherwise and it's similar in the UN climate change regime where the ideas countries make pledges on Southwest war in a second that are need to be verified and if countries are verifying each other's pledges through for example a neutral body like the UN they can maybe achieve those benefits of cooperation so it's a really important idea here because it means the power of the institution doesn't come from again sort of policeman function it comes from the ability to have credible constraints and information is one really important way to do that the second logic through which International institutions often Act is by reducing something called transaction costs so it helps states to interact efficiently with each other and to pool resources for implementation so why does this matter let me just think about something like climate change and involves every single country in the world every single person in the world every single sector every single Society it's really hard to find any kind of platform where they can get together and come up with some solutions and so something really helpful is just to provide a focal point for that and that helps reduce transaction costs transaction costs are the effort that needs to be expended or the resources that need to be expended in order to make certain kinds of Bargains possible tell me the focal point for the discussions it seems like pretty basic but it's actually really critical it's hard to imagine any kind of solution to these large selective action problems without that transaction cost problem being solved and it goes deeper than just kind of a meeting where people can talk to each other it's about finding the kinds of focal points that help to create a common framework for action and here for example even climate change regime has done a huge amount to solidify the state of climate knowledge through something called the intergovernmental panel on climate change which is a body scientific body that pools the world's information on the climate on the changes in the climate the impacts of that and what we can do about them and that kind of information Point function provides a huge ability to reduce the transaction cost of addressing this problem the third logic institutions can sometimes deploy is to shift States underlying preferences over time and that's the subtle one because preferences here means basically what they want to do or don't want to do over an issue like climate change so how can this joining something like this actually change what countries want to do and sometimes it takes a long time for this work but it actually can be maybe the most powerful mechanism over time so if you think about for example the United Nations human rights infrastructure which arose in the course of the 20th century this was a way for countries to say we believe these sorts of rights are important and we will enshrine them in international law and also follow them in our domestic laws and practices and that set of ideas by becoming agreed internationally gained additional legitimacy additional power it actually changed how we as people think about what duties and rights States owe their citizens and what citizens should experience over time doesn't mean it's perfect of course it absolutely is not perfect violations of human rights on a regular basis but think of how different that change in thinking was before these kinds of rights were put forward and and shrines and legitimulated by International institutions it's similar with climate change in many ways where the nature of our understanding of this problem has really come in many ways from the process of international and discussion around them and that change and how we think about the problem how we perceived the problem changes the preferences of interest groups publics all the kinds of actors who feed into what governments end up deciding this is a really potentially powerful way to shift over time okay so that's the theory this is actually you know actually a session happening at the University we have to talk a little bit about these mechanisms and I think it's actually really practically important to do so because it helps us think really clearly about what we should expect something like accomplices the parties deliver and what we can't expect it to so let me just then switch gears and say a little bit more about how this is looked in practice so as I mentioned in 1992 framework you mentioned was the first building block of this regime and she's promising it's a big goal of preventing dangerous changes in this climate um and this was immediately followed by the idea of having a differentiated approach where the most industrialized and Wealthy countries would go first and the country is still in development would go second so it wasn't that there was um only some had to act like I didn't have to act as they did there should be a just approach that has differentiation based on how much you've contributed the problem and how much capacity you have to address the problem so that idea is important in there one important feature though of the cop process was that this foundational moment countries couldn't agree on rules of procedure so there's no voting mechanism there's no kind of uh parliamentary system where people know here's how the order Works instead everything is done by consensus that's really important so the 190 something members means you have to get everyone to agree for anything to be agreed a second building block of this regime came under the framework of the United Nations convention in the form of the 1997 Toyota protocol just seen as a first step to try to deliver on this promise to stabilize greenhouse gases and had a sort of deal where industrialized countries called and it's one countries had to reduce emissions in a negotiated way it's a big Global deal it agreed to reduce emissions of monetary enforcement of the kind as just before and it's a pretty small step in which countries were reducing an average five percent below 990 levels but it's always seen as a first step however the care protocol killed a protocol quickly ran into some trouble there's a large estimator at the time United States never joined the treaty even though it had been important for negotiating it and so it wasn't clear it was going to have the strength and capacity to really deliver on its goal so countries decided to try again let's create a successor with Dakota protocol at something at the uh what was count 15 in Copenhagen and this was widely regarded as a failure because they tried to get a successor to get a protocol but they ended up with just a series of voluntary Pleasures they couldn't get agreement on the kind of global deal that Kyoto had said princely because there wasn't sufficient agreement between the developed countries and some of the emerging economies China India Brazil South Africa for example on how to share the responsibility for reducing emissions across them this issue of differentiation became a real stumbling block for getting a global agreement but countries didn't give up and actually in 2015 in Paris they agreed a different approach but an interesting new model where instead of having a negotiated Global deal African government says You must do this much you must do that much she must do that much they said you should instead decide for yourself through a system called nationally determined contributions how much do the current you're going to do how much you're going to cut and that those kinds of contributions would be reviewed and have ratcheted up every five years so instead of a kind of global deal model the regime shift is something you might call upsidegame View and match the model but interestingly the whole at the at the sort of um head of that system is this a new goal that the Paris agreements has said to have decarbonization of the whole economy by the second half of the century in order to reach well below two degrees or ideally 1.5 degrees and Paris also introduced a huge amount of new actors in The Mix including cities businesses investors University is giving and we think about this as a Groundswell of what are called sub non-sideactors so opening the doors to The Climate solution in the international climate space to a wider set of actors yeah so sorry to interrupt we're just um wondering if you could go a bit slower for the interpreters yes apologies for not going uh slower the negotiations continued in 2018 and in 2021 there was the first opportunity to test this idea of ratcheting up ndcs or nationally determined contributions NBCS over time at cop26 and I'll say in what in a minute what came out of that um but looking ahead at cop28 this year we have the first review of how much progress we're making on this first round of ndc's toward the goal that's been set out as long-term goal so that's what we have to look forward to at cop28 so that's two things I've shared with you a quick overview of the kinds of theories that international relations Scholars think uh give us a clear understanding of what international institutions can and cannot do and also a brief history of this core institution at the heart of the climate regime the United Nations framework convention so what I'm curious for you to think about now and I want it'd be great if you're going to spend you know a minute or two writing down for yourself what can this kind of regime do what's the value it can provide based on what we've talked about and what can't it do what are the limits to it so it's pause for a moment to give you a chance to write that down if you want to type them into the chat function or the Q a or whatever it is that's great but I think it's more just to kind of see if you can hold in your mind um this idea of what the UN can and can't do let's take a minute for that and there's no mentee for this one in case you're wondering um but as just more a chance for self-reflection so feel free to type your answers into the chat if you want to share I'm sure people are very curious to see what you're what you're thinking and you want to call them just for yourself and your infection that's also great okay well I imagine people are still uh going to want to think about this but I'm going to move on to um talk about our next block of questions not just on what the UN framework convention can and can't do but also to what the current set of issues are in the U.N negotiations um because that's where these ideas and what works and what doesn't work really get into the impact side so what are the main issues animating the discussion in the UN if you'll see today there are really many many but I want to focus here on four and they're probably the four that you've heard most about so far and they are mitigation so reducing greenhouse gas emissions adaptation adapting our economies and our societies our systems to a world of climate change they are Finance how we create the financial flows and mobilize the resources to do these things and also the important issue of loss and damage so how do we deal with those impacts of climate change that cannot be adapted to and there's many other topics humidity issues technology transfer capacity building others but I just wanted to focus on these four just in the interest of time um so let's just unpack each of these what it means and where the current state of play is on the starting mitigation so Mitigation Of course means reducing greenhouse gases so that we get ultimately to the goal of the press agreement which is a balance between sources and sync so no more is going into the atmosphere and it's coming out and that of course means Net Zero and as I said before the pair assistant creates a few mechanisms for advancing this goal first it creates these nationally determined contributions and disease so every country has to put forward a pledge for what it wants to says it's going to do and what that you probably know about that one but the one you may not have heard of is something called a long-term low emission development strategy so the NDC is typically for five or ten years of what's going to be happening before the next cycle of ndcs come forward whereas the long-term strategies are a longer term Vision to 2050 and what the country's Pathway to decarbonization would look like so those are the two kinds of pledges that countries put forward Under Paris agreement and nearly every country's put forward to NDC and the vast majority of countries have put forward these long-term strategies as well so that's the pledge part but importantly as I said before there is also some kind of review to see if these pledges are doing what we want them to do and there's actually three different kinds of review in the Paris agreement there is an individual review of that country's NBC so have they made progress on it this is not really to punish countries that are not making enough progress countries are very interested in negotiating and ensuring that this climate regime wasn't going to shame them publicly although many activists wanted it to be more shame oriented and more able to call out those people who aren't fulfilling what they said they would do that's not how they decide to make it so there's that level there's also something called the global stock take which is a five every five years a question a process for assessing how much progress we've made collectively as a world on the goals of the Paris agreement and who clear those are the goals notice that mitigation but also in finance and adaptation and other issues as well and then finally there's something called a facilitative enforced compliance mechanism and this is a word that the UN came up with to mean essentially soft enforcement so I said before this is not a kind of global police officer that's making it redo something so it doesn't have the ability to punish and instead of what it has is this kind of compliance mechanism that if you're having some difficulties in meeting your obligations under the Paris agreement says okay what are your problems and how can we work through those together so it's more of a helping you get the right outcome kind of process not of punishing you for not getting the right outcome kind of process and the final piece of the structure pledge review is ratchet so pleasure viewing ratchet are the three ideas this means that you have to submit new neces every five years and those have to be at least as ambitious as the previous ones I'll say more in a second where we got to but that's not the only part of mitigation that's now at part of this un process that's the country related part as I said before there's a lot of interest now and encouraging and supporting other kinds of actors in World politics cities states and regions provinces businesses investors universities Health institutions all sorts of different actors to also contribute to the mitigation Challenge and so there's a few different ways that happens for example is these ideas of having 20 30 breakthroughs which is a kind of sector level Target for say electric vehicle deployment or renewable energy or agriculture or forestry there's processes through something called the Marrakesh partnership which is kind of unspeak for mobilizing more action by non-state actors including some big campaigns we'll say more about in a minute and also of course a real interest in bringing together the nature side of the mitigation challenge with the climate side of this issue of decarbonizations in other words trying to build links to the role of biodiversity so how is this ratchet going this is after all the logic right if you have the ability of countries to Define for themselves what their predators are going to be we really need to see progression in those over times you know that we're bending the curve down toward where the goals say we need to get to so here's what happened in the first ratchet update at in 2021 so 151 of the 196 member states of the United Nations framework convention on climate change did submit a new or updated in NDC so that's pretty good but a lot of them didn't so uh then we need to improve that and of those that did not all of them were able to um do a uh up an NDC with really strong New Missions so there's a lot more work to be done there um and other countries that said they're going to do it we had to see what where it's um how much they're going to actually do so some progress there it still means that we have a pretty big gap between where the pledges are and where action is to get to so if it depends what exactly you mean by pledge to see how much of the Gap that is we'd like obviously to be on this bottom green line here where the kinds of actions we're seeing are bringing us down to 1.5 consistent pathway instead we're in a world where the current actions we've seen are up here on this blue chart which is a 2.5 to 2.9 degree problem if you said look at not just the actions have been taken but the promises for 2030 you say okay if the countries actually live with those promises will be on a better pathway more like 2.4 and if you begin to employ include notice the promises for 2030 as the NBCS but also some of the other pledges and targets we've seen for example the sexual initiatives and all kinds of things you actually get closer to two Okay getting better and if you squint really hard and also take into account the longer term decarbonization strategies the long-term strategies they mentioned the Net Zero targets for 2050 2060 you actually get to a much more optimistic scenario of 1.8 degrees C so depending on which kind of policy you're talking about is clearly uh the Gap is bigger or smaller the key point I want to leave you with here though is that um these targets and Paul and uh are important building blocks to get to the things that climate actually responds to which is actual concrete action policy and this is the um about building up a system that's going to push us more and more toward the green line over time um if you're curious there's more information you can find about different country Pathways we have a Tracker here at Oxford called The Net Zero tracker which provides some information which I refer to you uh to check that if you'd like um this is also a way to check out some of the more pledges we've seen from non-state actors so cities and businesses and investors now those those are organized through the global campaigns that we see listed here um and as I mentioned there's a ton of sexual initiatives in areas like energy nature steel cement Aviation shipping uh cars Etc and those are also part of the package so important to look at the whole effect here because we add up all those policies it's a final graph I'll show you a mitigation the potential here is really big and um I'm going to do you guys this might take a bit too much time to explain but I can refer you to this um uh publication so you can see a bit more um so some homework to consider have a look at what your country or your state or your city or your region is doing on mitigation and think about what aspects of that commitment you think are strong and which aspects you think are less strong there's some resources linked here that can help you explore that the second big issue on the table in the usual seat at the moment is adaptation so how do we build resilience and reduce vulnerability to the effects and impacts of climate change now this is something that really comes down to the local level in many cases adaptation is something we all need to work on in a very specialized and localized and specific context but the international Global process is trying to support that through basically an information exchange and the mobilization of resources for it and so analogous to the ndcs is a few different committees and work programs listed here that help countries to formulate National adaptation plans called naps and other kinds of similar measures there's also a very small Global fund called the adaptation fund to try to support um financially countries efforts on adaptation so it's a really important area but I think it's fair to say that the international regime has less powerful resources it brings to bear on them which is an interest testing Gap so one effort to try to fill that Gap is countries have called for a new Global goal on adaptation something like the Net Zero goal as a kind of core priority to emphasizing to help bring Vigor and energy to the issue area of adaptation and that's kind of negotiation now it's a little piece of homework for you is to think about what is the state of adaptation planning in your country or in a country you're interested in um so important to have a look at those resources as well um I know Tom is ticking on so I'm going to quickly jumped through the next one which is probably a really key one on finance so to do mitigation do adaptation to any of these things we need of course to find ways to mobilize more resources particularly for those countries that have least access to private Capital markets and that money comes from both donations from more wealthy countries bilaterally it also comes from multilateral funds so Group International organizations like the World Bank or the regional development Banks and also it comes through the private investment flows which are the biggest and perhaps most important source of these different pots of money um and we know there's a kind of global goal you probably have heard about this to mobilize 100 billion US Dollars by the 2020 that was now three years ago and the data comes in quite a bit later so you'll find it um is not yet there for 20 20. um but we're likely to only get to that goal now a few years later and again it's good to look at this and see what kind of uh contributions countries you're in or working on would like to make on this important goal the final thing I'll say and I'll end with this is the issue of loss and damage it really rocketed up on the calendar and the agenda of the international process in recent years so what is Lawson damage as I said it's about giving people and places and communities who have had a damage or a loss caused by climate change that you can't adapt to you can't just deal with that as an actual thing that's lost it will not come back how do you help in that situation and again the international process has tried to do that mostly through technical exchange but the big breakthrough at cop27 was that countries agreed with the first time to create a fund to mobilize Financial Resources for that and this is going to be a big topic on the agenda caught 28 because even though the idea of a fund was agreed it was not yet agreed how big that fund would be who is going to pay into it who gets money from it and how and what the process would be so that's a big issue of discussion now so that's summary of what's going on in the UN after Triple C at the moment and what we can look forward to at cop28 and you've gotten your pack some more resources on the major players but I'm really looking forward to questions discussion so let's try to pick up there thank you very much fantastic Professor Tom I'm very very impressed how you pack it up such a intense content in in such a brief few minutes so now very quickly we're gonna jump into the mentee in order to have a short q a for Professor Tom we already have some pre-written questions for him in order to accelerate these so first pardon me just a little instead there okay please everybody you can input your questions so professor I have a question here that has been in my mind for a little bit especially me that I've been researching this matter I want I would like to know so do you think that at Universal uh do you think a universal framework for a policy changes to address climate change should be discussed in form in the next Global stockade it's a bit specific but what do you what is your opinion on this regard thank you I think we've seen very clearly in the process over the past three decades nearly that countries are not politically in a place where they want to sign up to one single rule that applies to everyone in the same way and so we've emerged with the more flexible system where we have a global Target a global goal and then a sort of nationally determining contributions and those people look very different from each other so for example maybe you as a real emphasis has been given to carbon pricing the tool to drive emissions reductions in the United States as a real emphasis on Industrial policy on positive incentives and Renewables for the inflation reduction out so those are very different approaches they have similar effects perhaps on the outcome we're trying to do but the idea that countries would agree to a single kind of approach I think is probably unrealistic given the very different kinds of countries we have in the world today and last question because we're running out of time is there any formal website where we can have a daily and verify information about climate policy and for us for a young person or student that wants to get the feeling about climate policy without being completely overwhelmed by it do you have any recommendation that you can share with us yes absolutely so I put some links in those slides and I think um everyone should be able to click on that to a whole range of resources for mitigation for adaptation for finance to see what I think are some really reliable and credible sources um we'd Oxford have something called The Net Zero tracker which is working on that part of the problem so I point you to that if you're interested in that topic but have a look at the slides um there's some really great resources out there which help cut through the noise perfect we will make sure to share these with everybody and now we thank you very much for your time we thank you for your time and I hope everybody enjoy your intervention as much as I did in others as well and we're gonna move to our next speaker which will be introduced by my colleague Yoko Yoko please yeah thank you for the speech Tom in the next speech the next session will be Emily event and who will be speaking um Source on the next topic so Emily fan is the next next general policy manager at the British standards Institution and the policy and engagement lead for the our 2050 World collaboration she plays a crucial role in managing the collaboration between the International Organization for standardization the UN raised General campaign in the umccc group renovation Hub commanded by the PSI the British Finance Institution has also contributed significantly as in order to The umccc Climate Champions private Point report before joining the BSI it really served as a senior policy advisor under UK natural strategy team at the UK government department for business energy and Industrial strategy with her wealth of experience and dedication to climate policy and release insights are shown to be enlightening please warmly will come Emily to our discussion please Emily thank you very much Yoko uh thank you very much to uh Professor Tom Hill for a fantastic first session which sets the scene for me perfectly to speak to you next um what we are going to be talking about today is the role of standards in climate action which really Builds on that policy landscape that Tom just spoke to you about uh so thank you for the introduction uh Yoko um I wanted to briefly give you the history of the institutions that are involved in this space that I work in so um as mentioned I'm Emily faint I work at the British standards institution which is actually the world's first and oldest national standards body that was founded in 1901 with the uh resulting International standard organization ISO as you may know uh being founded in 1947 and now has 168 National Standard bodies around the world so chances are all of you every single one of you fits in a country that have an ISO National Standard spots so I'm Keen to make sure that session really brings to life what standards can do um in your daily work and life and how you can utilize them in the context of climate policy and climate action and how as it says here we can help to rewire the real economy together so the questions that we will go through today are first what are standards and why do they matter to this discussion how can we leverage standards as a tool to set the foundation for uh Net Zero regulation and policy and build that future economy um that we are all looking to see on that basis what does the standards landscape look like now what are we currently working with what is already being done about this and what do we still need to do and then finally how can you help in building a interceptoral collaboration globally through the role of Standards together so the first question to discuss with each of you is what actually are standard and this may be something that you think you know the answer to I find that the word standard is a word that is often thrown around a lot when we talk about climate action in particular standards are often used as an umbrella term to describe policies voluntary initiatives technical standards um but I want to make sure that we're clear on what we're talking about so that we can really get the best out of this tool quite simply standards are an agreed way of doing something they are developed through Committees of a group of people with a shared challenge coming together to agree on the best way forward and the best solution so for that reason consensus is absolutely key and I'm sure many of you are already starting to notice the parallels between the policy development landscape that Tom just set out for you and I'm sure you will hear this further from our next speaker when we talk about climate negotiations in more detail standards are generally developed um to respond to a market need so traditionally an industry or a sector may have a problem and then they agree they go to a standards body and say we need to develop the standard to solve this problem so a great example in this space right now is the work going on around green steel because if we are to decarbonize uh industry to decarbonize um our energy grid to decarbonize the built environment how we can produce low carbon steel is a huge challenge that will help unlock solutions for many and so developing standards for these urgent Market needs is critical however one of the things to bear in mind about standards while there are many positives and benefits is that because like negotiations and like climate policy standards require consensus there is a risk of lower common denominator outcomes where we end up going with the minimal agreement rather than the highest ambition that we need to achieve the goals of the Paris agreement but the key takeaway for now is that standards underpin the real economy that we live and work in so putting climate aside for a moment I want all of you to think about things that you do in your daily lives so if you've traveled internationally and used a bank card you may notice that your card worked in all of the countries that you visit there is a standard behind that how do paper manufacturers know to print the same size that fits in your paper folders that you might use for your studies or for work there's a standard behind that and actually if you are watching me now on a laptop computer over 200 standards are involved to create a hardware and software that allows you to watch this session right now the standards though often invisible really shape the world that we live in but we know that we are far off track well off track to achieve the goals of the Paris agreement to reach a net zero global economy and to make sure that we have a climate resilient and just and fair transition so if our economy must transform therefore so must our standards what you're looking at now is um a concept that was developed by our very own Professor Thomas hail who you've just had been fortunate to hear speak before me which sets out a theory of change for how the global uh governance can adapt to ratchet up ambition and move from voluntary action alone on climate to National policy and regulation the real benefit of this of course is because we recognize that voluntary action alone will not generate the progress that we want to see we need to do more to align the global economy and make sure that actually the action that we need to take becomes mandatory where appropriate so what role the standards play in the well on the right hand side of your screen you can see the ambitious role of non-state actors many of whom you've heard from in your last session ambitious businesses ambitious campaigns like the race to zero these actors are generating The Innovation the ideas and the ambition and calling for more change and many of you are probably part of them however these actors do not have the ability to enforce action or to scale it in a systematic way this is where standards can help and I'm in what we need to do is to make sure that the high integrity and ambitious criteria that campaigns the ambitious businesses and voluntary initiatives are calling for are embedded into the international standards that underpin the real economy we live in standards play a really unique role in the economy because they are used by business they connect to government and Regulators as many National Standard bodies are in part of their national government they are recognized by the World Trade organizations preventing technical barriers to trade to allow the flow of goods and services to continue to function as the economy transforms but if these standards don't reflect a high ambition and the high integrity criteria that we're all calling for neither will the National policy or the regulation that will enforce it so the challenge we have is how to make sure that we are leveraging that high ambition in the voluntary space bringing it into the international standard space and scaling it across markets and effective globally to put it into the hands of climate policy makers and regulators a key thing to note is that this is not just about standards on their own standards only work if they are being followed correctly and you've heard Lots about brainwashing you've heard Lots about the challenges in the quality of Net Zero targets that the Net Zero tracker covered with you in the last session so how can standards play a role in addressing that well when a standard is created you need a group of people of checkers of Auditors who go out to organizations and check that they're actually following the standards we don't want organizations to be able to claim that they are for example Net Zero if they're not really so you need Assurance you need a group of people that will go and check that but how do you know that the checkers know what they're doing you need accredited bodies that can check the checkers so if you're still following me we need standards of one pillar we need accreditation as another pillar to make sure that people know how to check but others are compliant with the standard and we need the third party assurance that huge group of checkers who actually have the capacity to go out and check every single organization in the world if you want to have a guess and I don't actually know the answer so you won't get it wrong try and guess how many people you think the world needs to check that every organization in the world is complying with a net zero standard version numbers in um in the slack and we'll see we'll see if you end up being right so now that you've understood sort of what standards are what role they can play and how they also connect to this wider infrastructure of standard accreditation and Assurance to check the quality of action what does the climate standard landscape look like now what actually are we working with well I will be the first to say what this slide does not answer that question this is an incredibly busy and proliferating landscape the acronyms and the organizations you see on screen are just a handful of the sustainability standards organizations in the world that are working to close this Gap the good news is that as the conveyor belt model suggests we are going through a period of convergence where we've seen this explosion of funded and standard bodies but we are now starting to see more and more responded bodies converge and align and agree with each other and as you can see this is an extract from the zero tracker stock tape report you can see that actually a really positive thing that's happening in the standard space and in the voluntary initiative space is that what good looks like for Net Zero and this will be true for other areas as well that you may work on such as biodiversity and adaptation is becoming clearer and once we can agree on what something is when we can Define it we can standardize it and that makes progress that much faster so that is the good news however as you can imagine there are still a huge amount to do go what is being done what is already happening I've described the uh convergence that we're living through the merging of lots of different climate standards in the world right now another development that you may be interested to know is something called uh the also climate commitment the London declaration I described to you earlier how standards underpin the real economy from the chair that you're probably sitting in now to the device that are connecting us as I speak to you today and I so recognize this too it's not just climate standards we need to think about it's standards for everything and so with over 25 000 International standards covering everything from whiskey to the thickness of gravestones that that does exist believe me um we need to review all of them all of the standards that have ever been written and all of the ones that we are ever going to write and make sure that we have embedded climate science into all of them if our standards don't align with the Paris agreement they will not be fit for a future economy so ISO has committed to doing that as part of it uh what it calls its London declaration because it was in a commitment sign in London before cop 26 in Glasgow in the UK the second pillar of this agreement is that the standards World wants to increase and facilitate the involvement of Civil Society in those most vulnerable to climate change into the development of international standards because of many institutions are recognizing through many of the rules that have governed the world to date have been developed by those in wealthier countries and we have not sufficiently brought in the involvement and the voices of those in middle and lower income countries and those most vulnerable to climate change so this is something I really want each of you to bear in mind that standards bodies are looking for greater participation from youth but also from people of all uh countries and all levels of expertise to get involved so I want you to bear that in mind and I'll make sure that there is a link sent round to you afterwards so you can understand how that works and how that might link to your your expertise pardon Emily I will have to interrupt you on these important hide notes in order to move to or q a I think this is an excellent opportunity to transition make this fresh into everybody's mind so now we're gonna go to or q a I will have to request to you to close your screen sharing so I may share the mentee for everybody yes absolutely can I put one thing on screen very quickly is that if you and you're able to scan you'll receive a link to a website that will give you all of the information on how to get involved with standard bodies in your country if you can't scan this I'll make sure a link is included and sent round to all of you but thank you very much for your time no thank you for your time for these so now very quickly we're gonna jump onto the mentee if you have any questions especially those friends regarding the the financing question between developed in developing nations and the ISO the iso contributions I for example have a very interesting question because it reminds me of an interaction that I have with some politicians in Mexico back in cop27 uh and I want to ask you uh do you have for example any experience or example regarding youth Collective Collective or individual action that has shaped the iso or the standards of environmental or climate policy the great question so more broadly in climate policy I think the obvious answer is of course the incredibly successful Fridays for future new campaign um there's almost no one single policy to point out but the real um surgery to use activism around the world uh particularly in 2019 and 2020 I think has triggered a real Tipping Point in the ambition and pace of policy uh around climate in different countries you can see it in um Germany Australia you can see it in the UK many other countries around the world that I'm sure under the getting to mention and it's really brought the role and voice of Youth onto the policy scene I think forever and uh at clock 27 I saw the first other Houston um child Pavilion which really just shows the recognition on the international policy phase that you have such a critical voice that they should be listened to um as seriously as any other demographic of people around the world there is no truer words than that sadly due to odd timing uh constringents will have to move into or break we really we will forward you some questions if that's okay with you and so we can share it to the audience we thank you very much and now we will go to a brief five minute break we will come back here at 5 13 exactly to have or guest speaker so we'll see you all very soon thank you everyone thank you Emily thank you please go get yourself a cup of water or or a coffee I would say I will get myself a cup of chocolate because it's been a long day and we still have a lot to go through so I will see you all in five minutes thank you [Music] [Music] thank you thank you [Music] follow me [Music] remember [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] tell me [Music] foreign [Music] Acosta our next speaker a special guest are prominent youth climate activities from Brazil our former youth advisor to the U.N Secretary General she's now a legal advisor at Instituto social and being told advocating for social environmental rights including increasing climate and Indigenous communities Paloma co-founded the synchromatous project and activity supports the useless organizations we are so happy to have you here please uh yeah parama hi hello everyone hope you are listening to me well yes yeah we can hear you great Paloma thank you oh thank you thank you so much for introducing me Yoko and thank you so much for the team of the global audio of Coalition I think it's amazing having an initiative as this one where you can and where we can exchange knowledge about occupying our Democratic place as also the seizure makers and holders of our own future and present thank you so much for having me here um I am so sorry if you hear some noise it's happening different stuffs here in my house but I will try to be brief and share a little bit on what I came to share here with you today my name is Paloma Costa I'm in coordinating the um the working group on climate of a yo flood organization called ingasha Mundo which is the biggest youth LED organization in Brazil and and it was there weekly talking with around 200 young people from Brazil that I started to occupy spaces such as cop climate conferences and so on so the first thing I want to share is that we do have impact and we can find impact when we work as a community that's why I wanted to to mention that um I'm also like a legal advisor at an organization that is called Institute as Yoko said and that is where I had and started My Relations for example with the indigenous and traditional communities back in Brazil giving legal support and supporting on strategizing upon these International level right because we are all um let's say masters of our what is happening at the local level but when it comes to International dialogues International police we have to have a strategy that is um together we have to act as we are one as the glamori of Coalition um and yes I being part of the first youth advisor group to the Secretary of General of the United Nations and this helped me support and understand how the UN system works and how these different groups that I was interacting with they could have an upscale their impacts so this is a little bit about me and now like I think like there is different solutions when it comes to accelerating to implement climate policies and that's why I'm happy to share before I start that this week we are gonna launch day of climate Justice fund which is the first fund made by youth to youth to finance climate Justice initiatives by young people and this all come from that experience to understand that even though we have public policies that are available when it comes to a structure that is so much unsustainable as the structure that we live in with governments at National local and international levels that we also try to fight the other way bringing back the money directly for those for us who are standing with the forests that are standing so that's it um so starting a little bit like when I um started um at corpse I was there in this position to bring an allegation of 26 young Brazilian and this was back in 2018 in the cup that happened in katowitza uh in Poland and there uh to organize our group from ingasha Mundo uh in a moment that if you see like this time passing you understand how much improvement we had for the participation and four young people inside climate conference to do a real impact back in 2018 if you find like a hundred you present in a climate conference this was a lot and nowadays we had like for example just on the cop in Glasgow 75 Brazilians present we have more than 200 young Latinos present in the conference and these numbers are increasing and because we understood the power of organizing and the power of strategizing so what was a little bit on our strategy so you can understand um we always dedicated our um delegations into three thematics communication so we keep a contact with people back home because it's for this that we are fighting for right um lobbying and advocacy advocacy is to lead actions to build and to to bring attention to what is happening in the negotiations but the real work was this work that you we were able to lead inside God but more specifically into a local and National level by bringing up and building climate policies especially in a country and in A Moment Like Mine on that in Brazil we were under an undemocratic presidential Administration so we had to work together with different organizations across Brazil in a big coalition and with young people putting the vibe uh on bringing action on upscaling this part of action in a sense of putting people to act and one a little bit on the on the strategies that we went through it was to focus for example on campaigning on mobilizing our communities through social media through spaces like this where we can exchange knowledge because I don't think every time people understand what is attached what does it mean different um things that are written in bills and so on and I know all of us we want to see structural changes and it is so difficult that people who are the ones responsible for the collapse the climate collapse to change themselves they've been discussing climate policies for the past 30 years they won't change for a day-to-day to the other that's why we need to understand and start celebrating a little much more our local changes because if I might say to you like the power of organizing and work together bringing knowledge on access and visibility it was how we were able to save and hold democracy in Brazil it was it was how we were able to save um territories to make sure that the Amazon rainforest was still standing it was by working together bringing information uh making sure that views that were crazy they will not pass and these articulate in an international level bringing this outside and inside so the message that I want to say here because I seen the shot that I don't have much more time uh is that if I might leave a message right now inside the spaces like cop we have so many ways that young people can Network and articulate to another and I know we are experienced on our on our local level on the things that are happening in our ground where we are and so on so if you can understand these spaces and use a climate conferences cup to bring up networking to bring up coalition to bring up Community I'm sure we can build back and fight back for our territories for a better world thank you okay thank you perfect timing then thank you for your wonderful speech Panama then we will pass to the the last speaker of the day and we have inside of Dr George romocoya who is an estimate esteemed team leader of African group of negotiations Express support and Elite negotiator and agriculture Dr wamukoya play a crucial role in the comprehensive African agricultural development program support program of African Union's new partnership for Africa's Department leading Africans countries in Access assessing climate Finance from the green climate fund and other sources he has been instrumental in establishing the climate change unit at the common market for eastern and southern Africa where he served as a dedicated climate advisor for over six years his expertise and dedication have made a significant impact on criminal initiatives in the region and hello and please are very welcome to Dr Jones from mccoya yeah thanks and thanks to all colleagues who have spoken before me a very very useful [Music] um insights on on the various aspects of of climate policy here as has been indicated uh I lead the African group of negotiators expert support these are Express technical people that support the the designated negotiators for the Africa and and I also lead the the g77 and China the 134 countries or in the agriculture negotiations in in the in the unfcc process now I was asked to speak a little bit about uh what what what is coming up in cop28 and Professor Thomas already highlighted a number of them and what is the role or the youth can play now flowing from what uh Professor Tom did indicate is that we have a number of agenda items that are critical uh for for the globe and and for climate and and just starting to re-emphasize what he said is the whole question of mitigation and it showed you the the the pledges or what we call commitments by countries which as they stand now we are in the trajectory of 2.4 to 2.9 which is way way far above the the the the the target of 1.5 and and for those of you from Africa when we talk about two degree or or three degree we're talking about four five six degree because of the geographic location and so you can imagine at present uh if the temperature was to increase by 2 degree or three degrees or 5 degrees in in the Sahel or in the Horn of Africa which which are already experiencing uh extreme temperature uh and and droughts the implications from the level of the people there and the ecosystem so it's it's there so in mitigation the key question there is how can we raise ambition because under the Paris agreement we have a collective responsibility to do whatever we can through our nationally determined contributions to ensure that we get to 1.5 degree or or less but as science is showing we are already at 1.2 and and there's a likelihood that we may reach 1.5 very soon and and therefore we need to start preparing what we do with 1.5 and and and and having considered that Target and so the key question at the cop28 will be how do we raise ambition and and I think the youth needs to have that in mind because that will determine how it will look like in the future and and and therefore compromising the quality of life that you have to live in those extreme temperatures the the second issue that is important is the whole question of adaptation because if you look at the way the the the the the Paris agreement was structured and I was privileged to be among the 11 facilitators of the Paris agreement I was dealing with the the Preamble Article 2 and article 3 is that we wanted to have parity between adaptation and mitigation and that's why if you look at Article 2 paragraph one B it talks about increasing the ability to adapt to a adverse impacts of climate change and refostering resilience and a low emission development and that was intended to link the adaptation resilience and mitigation and it's on that basis that in a kofor we have the national determined contribution which is mitigation Centric and then you have the global goal on adaptation established in at course 7 and and the intention is the whatever actions you take in adaptation must be in the context of the temperature goal that is in this case 1.5 that we are aiming at and then those become very very important because the current work that is being done is trying to clarify what does a global goal on adaptation mean and looking at article 7.2 what are these dimensions of of uh of adaptation from local sub-national National Regional and international look like and how do we achieve that and the question then arises how do we know we are making progress in adaptation and that raises the question of the adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation efforts and the challenge we have is that we don't have a framework of metrics on how to measure or how to track the the adaptation and under the global golden adaptation that was established the two-year framework that was establish in Glasgow at Corp 26 which is supposed to end this year is to one of the things is to identify how do we track the the adaptation efforts in a manner that we are able to aggregate to show that in fact as we're doing this mitigation we are also correspondingly improving on the on the other end building resilience in in this case and then the other important aspect that is important is the loss and damage which is simply refers to the residual impacts that will remain or be experienced even after the adaptation and and I think that is becoming more clear with increased intensity and magnitude of of the extreme weather events for example tropical Cyclones hurricanes the droughts and those and they leave a lot of impacts and and affect a lot of people differently of course because of the the Adaptive capacity and and so when need to be interested to know what do we do and now that we have established a loss and damage fund as Professor Tom did indicate how do we mobilize resources to fit into that fund and who's eligible in terms of accessing and how do we trigger those resources and already a transitional committee has been established it is supposed to be finalizing its work at cop28 and the likelihood is that we'll have a decision to establish the governing framework the governance framework for for loss and damage the same way we did for the the green climate Fund in Cancun in Mexico in 2010 so again the whole question of funding becomes important and then of course the finance which the the intention is that by this year by cop28 who should be hearing that we have we have achieved the the 100 billion and and true is that we we have started negotiating on the the new quantifiable Finance targets which we should be able to agree in 2025 and the reason why that became important and the wording is because there was no basis of the time of the of the figure 100 billion it's a figure that President Obama and and our leaders came up with and and and they became a rallying a rallying point for for all of us in in terms of putting a figure that aims to to facilitate a climate action and and of course with that then it means that we need to look at innovative ways of of getting more resources because Public Funding is shrinking and how do we crowd in the private sector how do we how do we incentivize the the the other actors to to play their role now with that space what it would be important what I want to emphasize is that the negotiations is primarily government that's the nature of Bachelor tourism it's government to government negotiations although over the years it has opened the non-state actors to to to participate to attend the meetings but largely the negotiations are done between governments and so for the Youth in order to have an impact and I'm happy uh our colleague from from Brazil has spoken how do you influence is that you need to start from home and and because countries come with their country positions before they go to to the cup it I encourage I usually encourage the young people to ensure that they are linked to their National focal point and they engage in the country positioning of the agenda and what they would like to get out of the of the meetings and that means then you have two options one you can be included as a are used as part of the national delegation which means therefore you'll be able to attend even the closed meetings so that you are able to understand what is happening but also contribute in the sense that because you're part of the national delegation and you can speak to your head of Delegation and say this is this could be important for our youth can can we take the flow and and say something about it the other way of course is that there's a lot of emphasis on encouraging and state actors as observers and the youth are now being given a lot of space and and from Shaman Sheikh we had a big delegation of Youth and has been increasing and we have also been promised by the the incoming co-presidency that the youth and children are going to be a focus for for cop 28 you there's efforts to support many of the delegations to attend but what is important is the messaging what message do you have that you would like the negotiators those governments delegates who have been designated to negotiate on behalf of the government to take into account when they are negotiating on the various agenda items so it's always important that you look at what is the agenda and then you see how do we get the youth issues captured into that and then you craft a messaging around that which then you can share through various platforms with the different uh delegations and and usually you'll find that they do listen but also you are encouraged to form those coalitions that our colleague from Brazil has talked about during the cup because then you are normally given Utah normally given an opportunity during the plenary opening plenary but also the the contact groups to to make statements and and through those statements you can highlight the key areas that are important for the Youth in which will be important to consideration during that that session and then finally it's also important certain that the youth you you get to know and understand the the process because if you don't understand if you don't take time to understand or you are not exposed to the how the the multilateral unfcc process works then you realize that you may not be able to align your advocacy with the the messaging that is required for that intended uh purpose because negotiators like very precise message that they will check whether it will be in the interest of their country or not or in their group because as we negotiate as a group as Africa or we negotiate as g77 or ldc's or ilac or else is therefore in the case of Island States and and many and many others and therefore it's important that you you get one to understand what the agenda is and number two is uh you need to understand the process and usually decisions are made at the country level before the delegates leave for the cup they usually have their meetings where they prepare the country position and so youth you need to engage at the national level so that some of your issues are already covered at the national level and then you are unable to magnify them when you come to the court but if you wait at the cup it is sometimes very difficult because once the the capitals have signed off the the message and the key the key messages in the case of Africa once the ministers have signed end of and heads of state have signed off it becomes very difficult even if you talk to us at the cop to change that position because it requires us to seek guidance from the ministers and and and from the the head of states in that respect but what I want to emphasize is that there is increasing space for the Youth and would encourage the youth to really play a critical role by engaging at the national level being part of the national delegations and I'm happy to to indicate that our organization runs a leadership program and and we have now trained over 700 African Experts of which 75 percent are youth and and many of them I was happy to see many of them in Bond as part of national delegations and and that already sends a signal at that the training is positioning the youth to be able to be to occupy that space that is critical for that we plan since we're having the Africa climate Summit in in early first week of September we planning to have a training for about 40 youths that have been selected uh who will then attend the the youth assembly that that will precede the the African climate Summit so just to re-emphasize that youths have been identified as a critical uh team and player in the in the multilateralism they are being given a lot of space to engage but you need to claim that space by one understanding the the the issues and the discussions and crafting messages that speak to influence those uh extremes of negotiations but number two you ought to be inside the room where negotiations are happening by being part of the national delegations and I can assure you with the current interest in the youth the Affairs your government should be able to include you in their National delegations thank you very much thank you so much very insightful in pretty simple index for you we will have a q a session for you we will open right now or mentee so please everybody that has a question for Dr bomokoya please share it on the mentee perfect please show me on the mentee two starters I there's something that takes that stacking my mind which was you said that you has a lot of potential to enact change however we have seen that it has been growing into the climate debate especially in cop 27 as you mentioned but we want to know how can we take it to the next level so how can for example enact a local change so you mentioned that defining what is adaptation and Global adaptation is very complicated but we think our local reality let's say how can we the youth can put forward a certain definition or a certain agenda into the local and then transform that local agenda into a national one do you have any idea recommendations or any suggestions on how can we the jute move this needle towards a positive transformative transformation and change yeah thanks uh for that question I think the if you look at many many of our national determined contributions which have been submitted by countries uh and especially from developing countries you'll find that a lot of focus is on adaptation and two is that there are opportunities for Innovation innovative ways of of of dealing with the challenge posed by by a climate change whether it's drought or or flooding or or different different extreme weather events and and therefore what what I would challenge the youth would be is to come up with ideas on how to solve a problem being felt by a local community and out of that then you'll be able to test the idea and see a building on the indigenous and and traditional knowledge and be able to see what is working what's not working and see the extent to which the public policy is an enabler for that for that Innovation and invariably will find that the existing policy may not be appropriate and that can actually trigger a change in the in the policy by uh by by just that new innovation which needs to be brought to scale and and therefore for me is let us not wait for somebody to do anything let us be Innovative in whatever way we are doing work with the communities identify local Solutions see how we we can further refine those local Solutions with the best available science and Indigenous knowledge and and with that then we may create a new way of doing things which then can be brought to scale and shift the public policy both at the local level National level and even at International level there are occasions where we have requested case studies from countries and and we put out a call for submissions to to to unfcc and we don't get any and that already disadvantages because then we are not able to share what our people are doing which could be brought to to International scale and mobilize a support to help our community so yes the the opportunities let us not wait to be told what to do let us attacked this Challenge and and find innovative ways of dealing with it building on the local knowledge but also the best available science that's really really good doctor I have another question would be for from your opinion especially coming from the global South I asked to come from the global cell from South America which is a we have some struggles regarding adaptation and financial ecological in terms of manpower to either implement it we sign it or track it what would be the best mechanism to do so especially for those that are envelope or confined within the climate uh the climate problems that they will face uh into so how can how can we track the adaptation how can we avoid Mal adaptation yeah a very very important there are two things there one is that we need to look at the actions that are that are being designed and the extent to which they they are going to provide or to deliver the desired objectives and we need to be able to track uh us to whether the policy or the actions that you have designed and being implementing uh uh are meeting the assumptions that you've made and and therefore delivering the objective and quite often you'll find that when you make certain assumptions you you you assume it will be a stable system and therefore things will move in the right in the in the manner that you're proposed but in reality you'll find that a different policy actions may be received differently by different people communities and and therefore you need to keep on checking your assumptions so that you avoid a an intended consequences which may in fact lead to maladaptation and the other one which which results in manual adaptation is the designing of a project where you are looking at only your locality or the country and forgetting that you can do an adaptation action in one country and and it becomes a maladaptation or contributes to maladaptation in a contiguous country or a neighboring country especially countries where they they there is a transhumans people moving from from one country to another based on for example in in the home of Africa because of the Pastoral nature of our people at a particular time they are in one country then they move to another country in search of pasture or or water that's that's fasting and so you need to have a robust M and E framework and and I think there are more proxy indicators although we don't have uh an agreed m d framework for adaptation but at least there are proxy indicators that you can actually use in order to track progress but the other aspect from the global South which which we have discussed also at at International level is the level of technical capacity to develop what we call bankable proposals and and in Africa we we're trying to address that by establishing teams and working with teams in countries so that we are able to work with them because they challenge many of our colleagues have is a hobby putting across the what we call climate rational because for you to get climate Finance you need to demonstrate the climate angle or that you are trying to deal with and that becomes a challenge because in invariably we don't have Baseline information and and as a consequence it becomes difficult to frame uh the the the climate rationale and and therefore we need to build capacities of our our Nationals so that we avoid Australian we just fly in fly out Consultants who do the work and then they go and then we have our people who are not able to implement because they were not involved and they don't understand the underlying reasons or bases upon which certain actions have been have been put out and so that that capacity building in terms of project development and climate rationale so that you are able to leverage the climate right now is is is very very important over two thank you very much we have here a question that is addressed for Paloma Paloma Costa um so they're asking here from your experience Paloma what will be the best way to create a ripple effect impact a cop in a later on and at the local level as well how can you repeat sorry yes of course so they're asking you from your experience within the the field the climate the climate space and the climate debate how can what is the best way for us I assume it's us the dude but I will assume it's everybody as well to create a ripple effect that can impact cop and also or local governments and or national governments and so on thank you well I think um across this we developed like different strategies to do that right and we got off from streets to Kurds um I am one of the authors from my legal action here in Brazil together with my friends that we asked to research withdraw the last NDC that we presented and now we are starting a national um procedure to review our NDC but also like Street impact makes the impact uh during uh less Administration we went through the street with different artists with people here from Brazil that were well known and we asked for some bills to not go forward we talked directly with policy makers in National and international levels so I think like the power comes in articulating and in community because when you go representing a group like the youth but also with a coalition with organizations with the diversity from our world from our countries then the impact is much bigger than just coming for that and just doing so content for that in community and with affection hope it ends up thank you yeah yeah it's been very informative I think a lot of people will be very pleased with this uh so now we have to go to the sad part of the session which is the ending I know a lot of us have a lot of questions and a lot of things that we want to ask but I would like to First mention about our next session which will be on August 23 and we will be tackling the very important topic but not very spoken topic about indigenous rights and climate change we will have the speakers mentioned throughout this week in our social media so please do not miss it it will be highly interested second we I want to share this little um this little I would say it's an interactive game that we're gonna post on the message this is the end roads uh the climate interactive developed by the MIT management this is a heavily interactive way to understand how climate policy Works uh in terms of many different sectors such as energy transport agriculture carbon removal grow Etc and it tells you how complicated is to create a global climate policy that allows us to reach net a low or negative Greenhouse emissions so I highly recommend you all to interact with it play take a screenshot a screenshot share it with us by tagginess in order to see what is the perfect climate policy scenario for you in order to have a sustainable future second uh a reminder about or Terra partnership or Terra as you may know is a or partner that provides us with a additional educative content for you all for free thanks to their partnership and their uh their help you have may have already received an email regarding Tara so please do psych nap use your email the same one that you use to register these to this training in order to access to it and I highly emphasized you to do it and encourage you to do it as this will be up only until the end of our training which will be around October so please if you want to delve deeper into the matter and learn more please do so I sign up to Terra then again please also join us like so you can interact with other members and put your ideas there in the slack so there can be forever in the slide and we can always keep up with them so please join our Slack and last but not least a huge thanks and a profound to your Founders and contributors the Oxford University Net Zero the Smith School of enterprising and the environment the Palm Hutton fund as well as our partners with Echo interpreters that have provided us with the amazing translation work that you are hearing right now so thank you very much to all they have made this project from a dream to a reality so at last as always in the end we have the attendance form you have until the 22 the 23 about this to fill this form in order to fill your attendance so he have the here is the QR code as well as the link that will be Post in the chat do not forget to do so as this is relevant for your uh for us to tracking your attendance as well as your receiving the um I I forgot the word the the it's not a diploma but you know what I mean I have completely forgot the word so thank you so much for all for your timing to our speakers a very warm thank you for all for the time and consideration as well as all the participants that have take the time to join us today thank you so much please do get involved as Emily spontaneous get involved in the climate standards connecting linking connect with each other and let's let's work together towards a sustainable Equitable and fair future for all thank you so much everybody and a warm a warm good night good evening and good morning to you all

Channel: OxfordSmithSchool

Views: 2,122

Keywords: climate goals, climate policy

Id: utLPatu6QX4

Length: 111min 50sec (6710 seconds)

Published: Wed Aug 09 2023