Getting Started on FreeBSD (remastered) | From Start to Finish

[Music] before we start if this is your first time to the channel and you would like to learn more about FreeBSD and the journey to a better desktop and server then please hit subscribe and hit the Bell so you don't miss [Music] out unlike another Unix like OS free BST has roots all the way back to the creation of Unix itself Ken Thompson and Dennis Richie along with RH Canada created their own OS which was to become Unix on a DEC PDP 7 at Bell laabs fast forward to 1992 and Lyn and William jolet both worked to part the 4.3 BSD to the Intel 80386 at the University of California net BSD branched off this in 1993 as did FreeBSD a little bit later netbsd and freeb bstd although no longer containing any code directly connected with the original bstd release are regarded as being true descendants of the original BSD FreeBSD is a complete operating system which again unlike other units like os's contains not just the kernel but the tools userland and even the documentation currently there are over 33,000 packages available that are created and distributed by hundreds of FreeBSD developers and thousands of FreeBSD cont contributors because FreeBSD is used by some of the biggest companies in the world there is a good chance that you've used it without even knowing a lot of people will tell you that FreeBSD is a fantastic server OS only but I will tell you that FreeBSD is a fantastic server OS and a fantastic desktop OS in fact I've been using it for such for the past 13 years as a desktop and server and on this channel advocating it as such for nearly 4 [Music] years you using a browser of your choice in this case Firefox open up your favorite search engine and type FreeBSD if you are using Google you will see the results as you do on the screen you will see the main link to the FreeBSD site with subsections underneath if you want to go straight to the download section then you can we will in this instance go to the main front page or the FreeBSD site just so you can be familiar with its layout in the middle of the screen you will see a big yellow box that's where you click to go to the download section to either 13.0 12.3 or the 12.2 release depending on your requirement clicking on the 13.0 or the current release you will see some brief information and advice on the dis images available and that in the FreeBSD 13 section there are many different supporter platforms from the expected amd64 to the more specialized risk 5 you can choose ISO virtual machine images SD card images for machine such as the Raspberry Pi and importantly documentation as we saw earlier which is part of the complete OS itself for this video we will be selecting the amd64 architecture and installing it to a new computer if you are installing to a virtual machine choose the image that best suits you or the ISO file that can be used with virtual box we will select the IMG file the image file which can be written to an SD card or USB stick if you require the full Suite of software that can be installed without an internet connection this would require the larger DVD file with DVD in the name the other choices are the CD ROM sized images which are labeled dis one these are of a similar build to the SD card or USB images uh which is a light install that contains the bare minimum in terms of packages and assumes you have a working internet connection so we'll select the amd64 mstick file as we right into a USB storage device and it's optimized for that which will bring up the save dialogue save to the location you want and remember this location as you will need it later when we begin the writing to USB process once the download has been completed change to the folder where it was downloaded or find the folder through the dialogue in your app of [Music] choice for Windows users you can write the image file to the USB stick using Belen eter win32 dis imager or Roofus for Unix like operating systems you can use the DD or dis dup utility to do the work using the syntax you can see on the screen there are subtle differences between each OS and how to format The Command MAC users can also use bin etcher in this particular case we are using a FreeBSD machine to do the writing so we will be using the FreeBSD command format once that is done remove the USB stick and put it in the computer you want to install on making sure we can boot from the USB stick we'll reboot the machine the speed of the install really does depend on the speed of your Hardware in particular the USB stick and whether it's USB 1 USB 2 or USB 3 you may experience USB one speeds if there's a problem with your virtual box or USB 2 speeds if you've got an older computer like I'm using for the test machine which is an Optiplex 780 on machines with a USB 3 plus it will be a quicker experience a few moments later you will be greeted with a standard FreeBSD boot menu and a whole lot of menu options not to worry once you learn what these do because it doesn't change very often you'll be good to go one boot into the system normally which is the default Behavior two boot into a single user or maintenance mode three allows setting or unsetting of loader variables four restart the machine five enable selection of desired Graphics device so you have a machine with both AMD or Nvidia you can choose which one six select kernel if there's more than one seven change boot options for this boot session only and eight this option will appear if you're using a boot environment manager such as B eadm pressing enter will boot into the multi-user mode which happens to be the default you won't really need to worry about the other options unless your Hardware or system requires intervention either pre or post install during the boot process you will see lots of text scrolling up the screen this is normal and over operating systems do this as well but it's often hidden behind Splash screens or other graphics the first menu you will see is the welcome screen where you will be asked if you want to begin the installation or use the live CD the latter is not what you may think it is in the traditional sense of Live CD there is no guy or desktop think of it as a rescue option that will take you to a command line invironment to start the install process press enter or return depending on what your keyboard shows we will then be presented with a keymap screen at the top is the option to continue with the default which is the US keyboard map and straight underneath is the testing option just to make sure you've selected the correct key map in our case because we're in the United Kingdom we will have to scroll down of course you choose your own depending on where you are when you have selected your option testing is a good idea although not essential if you're happy then select the continue option next we need to set the horse name you can choose an appropriate name here I tend to call the test machine well test I have a few machines here so really it's for my benefit next is the distribution selection screen but it isn't the same as a Linux distribution selection no this is where we can choose what should be installed into our system note that this isn't the userland application such as Libra office Etc but debugging files 32-bit libraries and Source trees Etc because we installing a desktop orientated FreeBSD based system we can unselect the debuging options and keep the 32-bit compatibility libraries just in case we need them down the road we don't need the ports tree unless we will be installing from ports rather than pre-compile packages next is partition partioning this next bit is down to personal choice I suppose if you want Total Control then you could and should manually partition your drive there are tutorials out there that suggest that this should be the way it should be done I disagree the the guided options are as suggested by FreeBSD is perfectly okay and if you choose root on ZFS the suggested partitioning scheme is pretty good the options here are Auto ZFS Auto ufs manual and shell the first two determine the file system Choice ZFS being relatively new and ufs is extremely stable and welldeveloped I used to be a great ufs fan and I still am but I've shifted towards ZFS for the backup features you get with it especially the boot environment managers I find them to be invaluable the final two options are a manual partitioning option using a menu and a shell option to partition the system by hand if you saw desire because we selected guided rout on ZFS we have presented with a ZFS configuration menu much of which we can leave as default but that's not to say we should if there's any options you would like to change now is the time to do so top of the menu is the proceed with installation next is the pool type or disk menu which will allow us to Define which discs to use in the pool and which discs are present and should be used next is rescan devices and diss info to get the information on any devices already attached to the system pool name allows you to customize the zpool name you can leave this as default if you want next forse care sectors this can be toggled on or off but it's advised to leave it on as it aligns partitions to the 4K sector of the hard drive in new and larger hard drives the next option asks whether we want to encrypt the discs and it would be using gelly to encrypt the data very useful indeed and handy if using the laptop with FreeBSD and ZFS down the list and you will see a partition scheme option it's suggested to leave it as a default which is GPT swap is the next option to configure in the default configuration here it is only 2 GB which is not that much in the scheme things you can mirror the swap if you want for redundancy following that is the option to encrypt your swap again it's a personal choice but one that is included for added security going back up to the pull type dis entry pressing enter will take us to the virtual device type config menu where we can set the type of ZFS system we want you can set the stripe for a single hard drive with no redundancy you can still get the benefits of ZFS but just not the mirroring and this is fine for most Des stop systems that will perhaps only have one hard drive then there is mirror where two or more discs can be connected it provides the best performance but the least storage uh as essentially you only have access to one dries capacity so two 1 TB drives will be seen as just 1 TB rather than 2 tab I think that these two options are the best for a workstation or desktop the rest are pretty much server beneficial and specialized to a certain extent so selecting stripe because there is only one single hard drive in the test machine takes us to the select the drive menu where the hard drive is listed at the top of and the USB from which we are booting is at the bottom for FreeBSD most internal drives are labeled Ada 0 Ada a01 Ada 02 Etc and external or USB storage devices are da0 or da1 or da2 Etc so we need to select a a0 to install the FreeBSD OS on selecting our choice we have returned to the previous menu and we just need to select proceed before the actual install begins we are presented with what a last chance to back out of sorts it will look scary but really it's there to make sure that you know that the drive will be wiped and written over and we are off we'll fast forward this the next phase involves some input in order to finalize the install first is the request for an admin or root password which will allow the installation of software and other system why task you will need to remember this and not give out to other users if you are not the only user user of the system you won't see any asterisk or other signs that you are typing so you will have to be careful and this is a good thing in general as it makes it hard for someone to see how many characters are in your password and possibly guess it but it also makes it hard just in case you forget what you've typed or indeed if you haven't typed enough and this is where the retype your password comes in if you are sure you have typed it incorrect but made a small error type in the password as it should be in the second line or flag up that they don't match next is the network configuration you may get different results here different names for ethernet devices maybe some Wi-Fi devices select the one you want in this case the built in Ethernet and press enter you will next need to configure IP V4 or IP V6 in this install its ipv4 so we select yes and then do we need configure DHCP well you can of course and sometimes that's the easiest route but for this test machine I do prefer to go the manual way and select select no which will take us to the manual entry page for the IP address Etc put in the values you require then select okay then press enter again if you want to configure IPv6 you can I don't so it's a no the next part is configuring the Lan and the DNS server address you want all done for you if you chose DHCP but here it's up to you put what's appropriate for your system in the l section and the address or addresses you want for the next two next to the time config you can choose UTC or go for the more in-depth setup selecting no we can see the time zone selector and a whole list of available time zones to choose from select the region you want in this case Europe we can choose another region or country if listed and we'll select United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland confirming the abbreviated time zone we move on to setting the time and date and if all looks correct you can select skip or if there is a problem here then this is the chance to set it moving on we are now presented with the system configuration menu and we can choose which Services we will have running at boot time the services are a personal choice and you may need some and other not so much you can select or unselect these later if you change your mind you can choose local Unbound a local caching server sshd the secure shell demon if you want to get into the machine remotely Mouse D for PS2 connected mice not really needed if you have a USB mouse but it can be enabled if you want then there is ntp date and ntpd both used to sync your machine to a Time server so you have the correct time then we have power D which can be used to adjust a CPU frequency not so much aimed at desktop users but laptop users will find it very handy then finally there is dump Dev which will place kernel crash dumps in the VAR crash folder something needed for servers and Developers but perhaps not so much for desktop usage when you are happy with your selection then select okay at the bottom of the list next we have the hardening list and for a desktop system you can select all these options like the last menu if you are running a server or development machine then maybe you might want to keep some things like hidore jails and disabled DD Trace enabled it all depends now perhaps the most essential menus adding user or users to your desktop system no users is makes not for a useful desktop system so we need to add some and we need to select yes here abruptly the design of the screen changes uh to something which I wish was more of a uniform design like the earlier cursor style but it does the job and it sets the look you will get when the system finally installs first add a username it can be a shortened version of your own name or nickname I use lowercase but you don't have to just remember what you put as you w't behav to log in if you forget it then enter your full name and as you can see use a different case arrangement for your username next is user ID we can leave this as default and it would give you the first user added as 1 0001 then there is login group again we can leave it as default and it incorporates the username so it makes sense next we are invited to add the user to some other groups and here we normally add wheel operator and video logging class can be left at default and shell can be set to your own choice it depends on what you prefer I personally like the plain Bor shell home directory can be left as default as well as can home directory permissions the default yes for password based authentication is advised as is no for using an empty password you don't want a random password you might forget it selecting no will prompt you to enter a password for your user and again like the root pass password entry it's important that you enter it correctly as you won't see any input on the screen the next question is do you want to lock out the account after creation uh no to that which is Then followed by a summary of the entries you have made so far if you happy with that then type yes otherwise type no and we will start the process of adding a user again if we are happy with the details then typing yes will bring up that the user has been created and would we like to add another user if we do type yes if not then type no now we're on the second to final menu and this is an opportunity to change anything we have entered so far if all is good then select exit which will then apply the configuration and exit the installer now the Albert one final menu is a confirmation that the install has been completed and it asks you would you like to make any modifications to the terminal by hand you can drop to a shell if you do otherwise you can select no which will take you to the final screen here you can choose to reboot and then quickly remove the USB stick um or change the bios so it doesn't boot from USB or you could choose the live CD option which will allow you to enter some commands like shut down hyphen P now and then you can remove the USB stick at your leisure okay we'll choose reboot and allow the machine and Os to do their thing so here we are rebooting and the first thing you will see when the initial boot has finished is the FreeBSD boot menu screen we first started with when we began the install pressing enter will begin the boot and the usual text will fly up the screen after a little while we are presented with the login prompt it may look sparse and there are any Thrills when you uh first install FreeBSD that's for sure but that's part of the greatness about it enter the name of the user we created earlier and the password you hopefully remembered and that's it it may not be snazzy it may not have the fancy Graphics of other operating systems but it ours to create and to mold into something that's unique to us right here we are at the login prompt something that can seem a little offut in if you're used to seeing a nice and colorful login prompt well we can have that too and that's what we'll be doing hopefully in this video once we have logged in we can begin we will first update the system to make sure we are running with the latest bits and pieces as well as the latest security fixes so we'll log into rout to see what version and to check the current patch level we will use uname hyphen a something that all Unix like users are familiar with as you can see we are using FreeBSD 13.0 hyphen release and it is currently at patch set or patch level zero which is reasonable considering we've just installed it so the first thing we're going to do is to update the system system and the way we will do that is by using the FreeBSD update tool it's a great way of checking downloading and installing any available patches and updates to the core system and remember that FreeBSD separates the core system from the user land something which other os's don't do issuing the command FreeBSD update fetch will pull down any available system updates but it won't install them until we tell it to do so after the patches have been downloaded you can review what's been fetched by pressing space which will scroll a new page of details when you want to exit this press q and you will be returned to the command line again now we must install the updates and again we type FreeBSD iph update but this time we will use install at the end rather than fetch once the patches have been installed we need to reboot the system you can either use reboot or the alternative is shutdown iph R now after logging in again again if we issue the command uname Ione a we will now see that the system is up to patch level or patchet 6 okay so now that that's done we need to bootstrap or fetch the latest package list from FreeBSD repos typing in PKG update will prompt the system to ask do you want to fetch and install it now we'll type yes or Y which will install the PKG tool and bring in the latest list this test machine is sporting an Nvidia GeForce 710 GPU the search results will bring up a good list of available drivers and if you have a non- envidia card then you'll need to apply that driver more suitable for your card instead of what I will use here and that applies to a new driver if indeed you have a newer card we will have to install a slightly older driver and not the latest one which is listed at the top the one in green is the one that we will install but if you have a machine with a hybrid graphics then consider the ones underneath in Red so knowing the driver version we need we will install the graphics framework and Driver first before we configure the system for the desktop pressing y will start the install and we'll configure things a little later when it's finished if your system requires a driver for an AMD GPU an i 815 or Radeon then the DRM hyphen fpsd 13 K mod should be installed one thing you have to be aware of is that some guides have the package name listed wrong as you can see with the incorrect label being DRM hyphen fbsd 13.0 hyphen K mod when actually the label is just DRM hyphen fpsd 13 hyphen K mod there is no do zero okay so now we need to make some changes to the afc.com file so let's take a look at the install configuration file first we are looking for any Nvidia entries and there isn't any so we need to insert them using CIS RC cisc will add to the file without editing the file directly and this is safer and will help prevent mangling of this important system file but it's still not immune to spelling mistake so you have to be careful CIS RC kld Dore list will place a line in the rc.com file that will load in some kernel modules that will enable exog to work namely Linux and Nvidia mods the Nvidia hyphen mode set entry is really only needed if the latest Nvidia driver is loaded I'll put it in as an example but it's not required on this system and the Linux and Linux 64 modules are there for the NVIDIA drivers that have been compiled to use the Linux mods if you don't want to have or don't intend to use a Linux ulator or the Linux ABI then you can compile the Nvidia package yourself or compile using ports to exclude the need for the Linux ABI now checking the rc.com file again we can see that The kld Dore list entry is at the bottom the Nvidia and Linux mods will have to be loaded either now or when the system boots to use the NVIDIA drivers you can check if they're already loaded in by using kodd stat which will list all that is currently loaded and looking at this we can see that there are no Linux video modules loaded we could reboot the system to load them or issue the command kld load to do it now on the Fly kld load Linux Linux 64 Nvidia and Nvidia hyphen mod set will result in a message telling us that the Nvidia driver is loaded and by implication so is the Linux mod it also tells us that as we knew that the mode set operation is not required using kosat again we can see at the bottom the modules are are loaded so that's looking good we can proceed to install the desktop environment and for this video we'll be installing KDE plasma it's a very sliek and professional desktop that has come a long way over the past few years to reclaim some of its Glory it lost when kde4 was released kde5 KD plasma is relatively lightweight for something of its size and is very customizable if you want it to be or great to use if you just want the stock install so typing PKG install kde5 is all the commands that we need to get the ball rolling having fast forwarded a lyy install we can now start but first let's see what happens when we use start X to test the install surprisingly you will be presented with the default Window Manager for xog called twwm or Tom's Window Manager as I think it was originally called it's a great Window Manager and its own right it's highly configurable but it's not what we want right now so clicking on the largest console window on the left hand side and typ in exit will'll close the window manager down in order to start KDE via StarTex so we can test it we need to edit or rather create the xinitrc file which will then tell the system which desktop and a few other things which we'll cover in another video we want when the graphical interface starts up using your editor of choice I always use e which is e easy editor edit thex init r c and copy the line on the screen I'll put this in the description box below save it and then we'll move on to a bit more before we start the desktop something else we'll need to do before we can have the desktop started is that we'll need to have the debus demon running and we can check to see if it is which it shouldn't be using service debus status now this would normally tell you if it is or isn't but it won't yet as we need to put in another entry into the rc.com file so as before we'll use a cisc tool CIS RC debore enable equals yes will place an entry in the file as before that will allow us to start stop restart and monitor the debus service so we have exog and KDE installed we have created the xinit RC entry and now we have started the debus service STK should start KDE as desired things are looking good and yes there is the KDE logo and it's very nice indeed to see it and there it is the vanilla KDE desktop in all its Glory if we have a look at the menu you will see that all the familiar KDE apps are there which is good so now we know it works as intended and we can install the login manager and in this case it's going to be the SDM otherwise known as the simple desktop display manager which will give us that nice shiny login window we mentioned at the start to the video we now need to make an addition to the fs tab file so that the Linux ABI and therefore the Nvidia driver behaves itself when that's done will restart and it should automatically reboot into the login manager and there we are there a nice shiny login screen that takes on the themes of the KDE desktop we saw earlier in order to make sure we can log in we need to make sure that we use the option at the bottom of the screen screen of a desktop session using X11 and not whand otherwise it won't let us in so make sure that the correct one is selected and we can enter our password for the user and then we are in so that's the desktop installed we're on our way to have a great desktop and in the next video we'll get down and dirty configuring and installing software so that we can actually use the [Music] desktop KDE comes with almost everything that you want straight away you know you got multimedia office internet uh email it's all there but there are a few things that we would like to add uh say um Firefox or some office applications Etc so we're going to fire up a console just move that down a bit so we can see what's going on and zoom in and we're just going to go to Route if we issue PKG install 5ox it's as simple as that the system will then ask do you want to install proceed with it yes of course and it begins to install and finished and it's really as simple as that if you want to install a I don't know Libra office it's the same procedure and oh I just noticed at the bottom actually automatically updated the icon for Firefox which is pretty cool and it pulls down everything it needs I'm just going to speed this up cuz it is a large install and there we go and it recommends that we add these to the fs tab which we will do right now so again if we go into route so we're going to go to SLC slfs Tab and we'll just copy that what it describes there we've already got proc already uh installed from last video so we just save that issue an mount iph a mount all and there it is Dev fs and proc already there right once that's done we can have a look and there it is it's all installed very nice indeed a lot of people don't use uh full office suites anymore they prefer on online like Google Docs Etc but you know I like to have one uninstalled on a computer it just uh I don't always trust the internet for connectivity and sometimes I want to make sure that I can get things out regardless so there we go W save that and there's that done next we're going to install two essential items I need for video production that's inscape for the thumbnails Etc and Caden live obviously for the video production and we'll just uh go again fast forward and close that it's all [Music] done now that we got some of the essentials installed some useful tweaks which will make the system a bit more usable so if you do PKG install duas and edit sluser /lo SLCC and/ do.com and we're going to put these very basic um entries into it permit no pass so it will uh allow us to go into route without asking for a password you can obviously change this and so it requests a password every time if you want I'm the only person who's going to be using this computer so it's not a big deal for me and permit no passo this will allow us to essentially allow us to shut down the computer or read reboot Etc there are plenty of other um Alternatives that you can use and there's plenty of Guides Online that can help you with that if you need them now we're going to edit the boot load.com and we're going to add some entries that we want the system to uh do when it first starts one of them is to cut the amount of time that we're waiting on the main menu which I think currently is 9 seconds and we got it down to three three because then it still gives us time to intercept the menu if we need to make any changes but three is pretty Speedy so just save that and if we now edit the CIS control.com again if you need this these are essential if you want some tweaks on the system to be there when it starts the first entry we're going to make will allow us to mount and unmount external storage devices as normal users next is to change the responsiveness uh from a server to a desktop and then we're going to disable the system beep next we're going to allow chromium to access shared memory and I'm just going to do a little bit here I what I like to do when I'm making alterations to system control files I like to just add these pound signs or hash uh signs just to let you know the entries that I've made let's go back into load.com and I'm going to add something which will change the uh Graphics so at the top is the default um orb logo and we're going to change it to the beasy one at the bottom for the more traditional list out there next we're going to add the core temperature sensors if you're running Intel processors if you're running AMD then it's AMD temp now we're going to enable the inmemory file system or temp uh file a synchronous input output uh we're going to enable that save that and if we go into rc.com there's a lot of editing going on but you know it makes the system more responsive just going to change out a m spelling mistake last time so I'm going to change that to Nvidia Oops There You Go luckily it was on The Mod set which we didn't use but you always have to be careful like I said last time CIS RC will not check for bad spelling right we're going to make changes so uh they allow the time server to make 1,000 plus second alterations if uh a clock is wildly out of sync and to save [Music] that next is something which I get as a lot and that's Auto mounting and this is thanks for Maiden as well he do a fantastic blog but he also created this fantastic little application which will do the work for us right so we're just going to install Auto Mount and it will pull in a lot of extras I will go into more detail on this in another video but for now we're just going to set up for the bare bores so we're going to do as edit user local Etc autom mount.com eventually get there there we go and I don't know if there should be some entries in it but it's blank so we'll create it from scratch user Mount equals yes allows a user to mount it access time no um we'll put this in I'm not sure whether we need it but I'm going to put it in regardless and the fin manager we're going to use is dolphin you can put whichever want of course user is Robo NY or obviously your username and we're going to put the encoding as English GP obviously change it to your own local settings and I forgot to put in cast set as well so but it seems to work without [Music] it now we're going to set the local so if we edit uh Etc login.com and scroll down to the bottom there just put this little uh backslash there we go and really all we're adding is Lang but language obviously equals English GB again put your own uh local version there UTF iph 8 we'll leave it open-ended and and come out of it save it and issue oh right okay need to issue it properly that's capore make DB and then login.com that's it now we're going to make some changes X Inc and I have this in mind and it really does it it prevents uh local problems I'm just going to speed through this I'll put this in the description box down below so you can copy if you wish and turn off the automatic screen blanking if you've got it added right but now we're going to reboot the system and test it hopefully uh we haven't made any mess ups and it will reboot properly seems to be all right so [Music] far and here we are yes very nice log back in and yes nice and clean I'm just going to try a USB stick now this is formatted with uh ufs I couldn't find a Windows one and I ain't got a Windows machine to use uh to create one with so not have got a Linux box either so I'm just going to put this one in yeah that's nice a good sign he detected it and let's see if it yeah lovely that's nice so it mounts it automatically and opens a folder for it which is uh what we want unusually Keeps The Home one there that's a little bit annoying we'll see if we can alter that but yes very good it uh it mounts it and opens a little file manager for it as as we told it to okay I think we'll make some changes if we go into console I'm just going to zoom in there if we can I think there's an option in Dolphin so we can have it open in your new window I'm just going to check that uh yeah double hyen new window okay so I'm just going to edit the autom mount.com I'm just going to go down to that and put that double hyphen new window just so it stops that rather annoying multiple tab thing if you don't do that it'll just open every time you open the USB thing it'll just open it in a new tab which is not what I want so save that and I don't think we have to restart anything I'll just uh replay PL the USB in out and plug it back in and hopefully does it there we go yeah so there's the windows one fat for 32 partition recognized I'll uh unplug it again and plug it back in yeah very nice so it opens up in your new window and so it's not all cluttered that's exactly what I want [Music] mounting NTFS drives is something which I get asked quite a lot uh it's quite understandable really considering that many people have them lying around and following on from the last video when we did some Auto mounting which was really just for some uh fat 32 drives I thought that I would cover NTFS so I've plugged in a USB stick that's been formatted with NTFS and it doesn't pop up automatically so having a look at D message uh all right I need to get into uh duas and yes the actual Drive is being detected the fil Drive is being detected so I'll just clear that what we're going to do we're going to install some fuse packages now F allows you to interact with file systems Etc that's not native to your system and we do a quick search there's a few that I want to add on fuse NTFS is already installed in this uh test machine but if not then just look at the instructions on the screen it says fuse FS xat uh and all the way down to fuse FS NTFS if you haven't already got it but because I've already got installed the actual number of packages to be installed is smaller and to be honest they'll come in useful later on so once that's been installed and I'm going to restart the dev I mean I don't know if we need to do that but it's false of habit really I suppose now we're going to edit the rc.com and just at the bottom there I'm going to add fuse score enable equal yes and that will start this the uh the fuse when we first start the machine up now we're going to go into bootloader docon and we're going to add at the bottom of that fuse uncore load equal yes and that will load the kernel module I can restart again like again I don't know if you need to do this but it's uh what that I like to do and most essentially to actually use it now rather than start the machine we're just going to load the kernel module now so fuse fs and that should be it so because the USB is already plugged in I'm just going to mount it manually and yep it work that's fine just uh close that down right so that works I'm just going to pull out the USB stick and plug it back in and see if it auto mounts there that's fantastic so Auto mounted it and opened up the dolphin file manager as usual which is very nice on the NTFS Drive and that's it that's all you need to do and just have a look at the drive using Gart d z there you go there NTFS active very nice indeed and in case you're wondering yes you can actually write to it so I'm just going to mount it manually again and create a new folder there we go I I can manage to do it there you go so yes perfectly usable read and write able [Music] wonderful something else we didn't do last time and this is really to set Drive per Mission so you can access scanners printers Etc so we're going to edit forward slash etc for SL Dev fs.com and and scroll the way down to the bottom again just go on that bit Yeah and we're first going to add this little REM line just to so we don't get what it is and we're going to allow users to access Optical media so there's a lot of people that still use DVDs or even CD ROMs there's quite a few to add so I'm just going to do a few now and then we'll fast forward and finish it off one thing that is really useful there is a website called call trainer it has been updated for a while now but it's still very much pertinent really what we're doing and there's a section there cover in there are dfs.com so just basically copy all that there's some bits at the bot we're going to trim off and paste it in sa from typing it all out there's no point in doing that if if you can get around it we're just going to delete these these are for TV adapters now if you've got a DV adapter and you want to use it then keep these if not you might as well just get rid of it and there we go so the scanner permissions and external drive Etc so I'm just going to clear that and the next bit we're going to do is going to edit the devfs rules this goes hand inand really what we've just done there's nothing in this file so we're going to have to create it from scratch so devfs rules uncore common equals 7 it doesn't matter what you really call it as long as each rule set has a unique name and number so the next bit we're going to add path this really defines what we're looking out for what we want the system to look out for in this case Ada so you know we're looking out for internal drives from numbers from not to 9 means it can be mounted and same for external drives and CDs and cards and all lovely things USBS so again like before we're just going to copy this and paste it in just tidy up a bit and there we go just delete the ones we don't want and there we go and everything looks uh everything looks good this allow us to access the various things we want to plug in next we're going to edit rc.com and we're going to add that rule set that we defined there we go DFS underscore system underscore rule set and the name of the rule set we used [Music] next we're going to do a simple firewall using IPFW and this is one which has worked for me uh very well so I'm just going to use this one we go rc.com we go to the bottom and we add firewall un SC enable yes so it does when uh the system starts up next is firew wallor quiet so really we don't want uh lots of text scrolling on the screen unless you do of course in which case but no and this one because we're using a desktop it's going to use workstation because if you're using a server or you might want to an alternative or use a different type of firewall firewall uncore my services uh what you want to be able to access uh on your machine so if you want to ssh in or out or web Etc email then you need to put them there firewall allow Services we'll pull that to any and log deny you don't have to use exact ones of course you can and actually fully recommend that you look up the different options available once to suit your own machine but these ones will get you will get you set up nicely I'll leave a copy of this uh firewall rule set in the description box down below and we'll start the firewall Now using service IP FW one start you won't need to do that again if you start the machine up it just because uh we need to get it going now I'll use that and there we go firewall rules lot [Music] we're just going to change the package repository to the latest now when you install freebs it will automatically come with really the system pointing at quarterly rather than latest the difference being is quarterly usually is 3 months behind so every 3 months you know they'll update them and by that time the latest ones have moved on a little bit further so obviously the latest is meant to be the latest software and and so if you follow that particular PKG uh that package tree you will have to update more or you'll find more updates available but quarterly is meant to be more stable and therefore not updated as much it's not really out of data software but it's like I say about 3 months behind now if you're using a production machine or you don't mine this then fine just just leave it at the defaults so what we're do in this part is that I'll show you how to update the system to use to update the system to use latest rather than quarterly and we'll do a few upgrade of the packages if there are any upgrades available anyway that's the end of this video and for now now the end of getting started with FreeBSD on the desktop it's a bit more work to do it this way you could use an off-the-shelf solution say for instance ghost bstd or NAD bstd and while they fine os's in this in their own right they tailored very much to the taste of the developers themselves now if that doesn't bother you fine load one up and that's what they're really meant for but if you want to make FreeBSD something special to you then doing it in manual way doing it the oldfashioned way uh you can't beat it there's a little bit more work involved yes and you'll probably learn something about the system as you do it as well and you no doubt you'll probably mess it up too but you know you get there and you learn it and it becomes almost like second nature in the end really you know you know which files to tweak and which uh things to allow Etc and the result is a super stable operating system uh it says quick as anything that you're going to find anywhere else and whilst this guide really can't go into every single nuance and detail uh that someone may need hopefully it's provided you with the bare borns really the the skeleton in which to build your wonderful system anyway thanks for watching and I'll catch you next [Music] time

Channel: RoboNuggie

Views: 18,662

Keywords: freebsd, freebsd desktop, freebsd (operating system), bsd, freebsd 11, freebsd insecure, freebsd 12, freebsd kde, freebsd ssh, freebsd vps, free, openbsd, freebsd qemu, how to freebsd, freebsd corso, guida freebsd, freebsd que es, freebsd manual, freebsd review, freebsd update, linux vs freebsd, freebsd vs linux, freebsd install, upgrade freebsd, install freebsd, freebsd add user, freebsd systemd, tutorial freebsd, robonuggie, linux, freebsd 12.1

Id: bQKaNbarQKI

Length: 52min 21sec (3141 seconds)

Published: Sun Feb 04 2024