FDR (1982 ABC documentary on president Franklin D. Roosevelt, pt. 2)

from our country and away from our people we must be the great arsenal of democracy we shall send in ever increasing numbers ships tanks guns that is our purpose and our pledge fdr's decision to make america the arsenal of democracy was another step out of isolation he trounced wilkie five to one in the election and saw his victory as a mandate for action the key to it was lend lease we would provide goods uh the the weapons and the uh the economic goods which they would use to pursue the war because implied in that was the recognition which the american people came gradually to understand that we had a vital interest in the war because if europe were completely overrun then we would be isolated and in very bad shape now uncomposed against that was a very vociferously urgent settlement by people like charles lindbergh it is now obvious that england is losing war i believe charles lindbergh was a leading spokesman for the america first committee and i have been forced to the conclusion that we cannot win this war for england regardless of how much assistance we set if uh roosevelt had not pushed lease lend through congress uh in the spring of 1941 britain would simply not have been able to continue to fight at all we were dead flat broke churchill said that he thought that glenn lease was perhaps the most generous act ever uh performed by one sovereign state towards another sovereign state he was enormously moved by this act of generosity in august winston churchill was on the deck of the battleship prince of wales somewhere in the north atlantic about to meet franklin roosevelt for the first time it was the meeting the president and the prime minister had long anticipated roosevelt and churchill were probably the two greatest prima donnas in modern world history they each had a healthy sense of their own ability and importance but they each was very curious about the other but more than that this conference was an occasion to bring together the diplomatic and possibly the military activities of the two nations and particularly to work out the economic aid that was so important for britain the atlantic conference succeeded beyond churchill's fondest hopes fdr his friend in need became his friend indeed it was a relationship that lasted until fdr's death there is a french saying which i'm sure you know that in any relationship there is always one person who kisses and the other who allows himself or herself to be kissed um in that relationship it was churchill that did the kissing it was roosevelt that allowed himself to be kissed churchill focused upon roosevelt as the prime necessity to ensure that britain survived [Music] as early as spring of 1941 after a series of british defeats fdr had become convinced the country would eventually be drawn into the fighting by mid-summer the united states navy was convoying supplies across hostile waters for britain america was in fact involved in an undeclared war in the north atlantic what was going on in the north atlantic in effect was that american naval vessels were tracking german u-boats and letting the british navy know where those u-boats were that was a very belligerent act on the part of fdr we know now from british documents which were open to historians the nineteen hundred and seventies that at the atlantic conference roosevelt made clear to churchill that he wanted to bring the united states into the war he told churchill at that meeting that all he needed was an incident or an episode for the united states to become involved in the fighting the information was found in minutes of the british war cabinet meetings churchill held after the atlantic conference in 1941 the war in europe was seen as the big threat to america not the war in asia but in washington secretary of state hull knew differently he was at loggerheads with japanese diplomats over the question of china the united states wanted japan to end its war against china japan refused the negotiations broke down we interrupt this program to bring you a special news bulletin the japanese have attacked pearl harbor hawaii by air president roosevelt has just announced john mccloy was assistant secretary of war he went to the office that sunday because he had a hunch i didn't have the faintest idea it was going to be at pearl harbor but i knew i felt that it was going to be something so i went down early sunday morning just to be on the deck because i'd seen the previous cables and intercepts and something was going to happen in the pacific all of a sudden we've realized that our whole battle fleet was destroyed in a couple of hours the japanese diplomatic code had been deciphered and it was known an attack was imminent the military code had not been broken so the site of the attack remained a mystery america's loss was staggering meanwhile winston churchill and john wyant the american ambassador were having dinner in england there was an animated conversation going on around the table and um there was just the news coming through and it uh it said that uh japanese aircraft had that morning uh bombed the american fleet at pearl harbor and there was a bit of a delayed action because churchill and one of them they both stopped talking what did that say pearl harbor and wine and said well that means war whereupon churchill and wine and got up and more or less danced around the room together i asked that the congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by japan on sunday december 7th 1941 a state of war has existed between the united states and the japanese empire congress voted for war 33 minutes later there was only one nay the great debate was over the isolationists were silenced america was at war three days later germany and italy declared war on the united states fdr will continue [Music] he took the stamps back and forth between here and the white house his son james recalls that on the afternoon of the attack on pearl harbor he went to the white house to find his father absorbed with his stamps the president said to him i'm trying to stay calm i'm trying to remember that i must be the picture of calm he wanted to set an example for the american people in an extreme national emergency we'll look at the war years next abc news continues with a special program on franklin delano roosevelt including interviews with the four living presidents it was in these two chairs here in the hyde park house that roosevelt sat with churchill to plan a strategy to win the war fdr the president had become the commander-in-chief in four years under fdr's leadership the united states had become a world superpower which was quite a change for people who never wanted to get mixed up in all those foreign wars anyway but in the beginning the outlet was not very bright the news from the war front stunned america after pearl harbor there was one japanese victory after another in the pacific [Music] for the first time in more than a century the united states was suffering defeat at foreign hands we are now in this war we are all in it all the way every single man woman and child is a partner in the most tremendous undertaking of our american history familiar [Music] we shall produce 120 000 airplanes 45 000 tanks 10 million tons of shipping the united states was the last hope for the free world fdr as its president had to act he faced tremendous challenges the anti-axis forces were in disarray and america itself was ill-prepared facing the biggest crisis of his life he turned all his energies toward coordinating the allied effort and mobilizing the military and industrial might of the country this production of ours in the united states must be raised far above present levels even though it will mean the dislocation of the lives and occupations of millions of our own people we must raise our sights all along the production line let no man say it cannot be done it must be done and we have undertaken to do it he was a man who learned by experience who reacted to experience and he did have the essential quality of being able to persuade the people and bring them along which was vital and you can have a man who might have had a much more uh much wiser man in the white house in terms of his aerodiction and his learning in a sense uh woodrow wilson was that but he wasn't the leader he wasn't the leader in the same sense and what we needed desperately was a leader not only for the united states but for the world because it was the ability to bring europe back to uh have gained their confidence during the war which could carry over into the post-war period which was essential in 1942 america and its allies were fighting fierce battles against the japanese in the south pacific against the italians and germans in north africa meanwhile russian troops were locked in battle with the nazis from stalingrad to leningrad losing 10 000 men a day stalin pleaded for a second battlefront in europe against the germans roosevelt and churchill wanted to oblige but they needed time a big three conference was called in casablanca to explain the delay to stalin but stalin refused to attend roosevelt and churchill met without him casablanca was one of a series of conferences held by the allied leaders to discuss both military and long-range political strategies roosevelt viewed these conferences as opportunities to use his political savvy and persuasive style with other leaders roosevelt always felt that he could do almost anything if he could just talk to somebody he had tremendous confidence in his charm and in his knowledge of other people and their problems so he had a natural bent toward personal diplomacy also he liked people he liked to talk to people he liked to meet people while in north africa fdr visited american soldiers fighting there not only to boost the morale of the troops but also to boost morale back home where newsreel showed him as the war leader surrounded by his generals firmly and confidently in command [Music] at home fdr's war efforts were in full swing [Music] scrap drives were organized and americans were asked to make many sacrifices let's push the axe to the axis and let them know that their show is all through oh let's put the axe [Music] we'll fight because we know we're right and then again the future will be bright so let's [Music] by mid-1943 allied forces under the command of general eisenhower had defeated the germans in north africa the nazis were in retreat in europe too the japanese were losing ground island by island but the road to allied victory would still be long with many casualties throughout 1943 fdr kept pressing for a meeting with stalin the russian leader finally agreed to meet at tehran in november to plan the details of the long-awaited second front but roosevelt had another purpose establishing a personal relationship with stalin he believed that if peace were to be maintained after the war soviet cooperation was imperative roosevelt saw the conference as a great success i may say that i got along fine with marshall sterling he is a man who combines a tremendous relentless determination with a stalwart good humor i believe that he is truly representative of the heart and soul of russia and i believe that we are going to get along with him and the russian people very very well there's no doubt that roosevelt was ludicrously optimistic about his ability to get on with the russians there was a enormous element of wishful thinking in his handling of stalin he saw stalin as just another political boss uh and if he pressed the flesh and twisted the arm and rolled the logs and did all all that then he could manage stalin as he managed anybody else he'd encountered in his political life he thought he could influence darwin charm him and get him to to be more cooperative and even uh have the system if he understood that that their objectives were the same even though their methods were different that we could come to a much closer understanding he was a little bit naive i would say about that he never fully understood communism or the philosophy of communism he thought of it as sort of an extension of the new deal while fdr was planning for post-war peace at los alamos new mexico scientists were feverishly working on the development of an atomic bomb a decision made by the president and one that would change the nature of war forever the project was carried out in the utmost secrecy i think uh his most important piece of deception if you want to call it that was not telling the russians about the progress of the atomic bomb of course the russians knew anyway and that in turn led them to attack roosevelt as himself being unwilling to share secrets with their with the american ally that is russia i would suspect that he probably did not think through the what a nuclear age meant most of roosevelt's thinking about the a-bomb was focused on its utility in defeating germany and japan and not about the consequences afterwards and probably he also engaged in the american nostalgia that our monopoly would last a lot longer to the american people fdr seemed to be everywhere if not at wartime conferences he was rallying the forces at home i have just returned from a two weeks tour of inspection on which i saw our men being trained we're pouring into the worldwide conflict everything that we have our young men and the vast resources of our nation the american people have accomplished a miracle the miracle paid off in 1944 with the greatest invasion in military history 300 000 allied troops stormed the normandy coast of france the second front was finally open two months later the glorious liberation of paris [Music] on the other side of the world naval and jungle warfare were pushing back the japanese riding the crest of military success fdr went off to hawaii to confer with general macarthur and his other pacific commanders his stature as commander-in-chief and as international diplomat had never been greater and that was just what he wanted after all he was campaigning for his fourth term as president and he got it handily defeating thomasin jewish roosevelt was now the most powerful man on earth hoping to use that power to shape the world that would follow the war he went off to one last summit conference to meet churchill and stalin at a health spa on the black sea yorta what happened at the conference was to become the most controversial issue of fdr's foreign policy this is how the war map of europe looked when the big three met at the yalta conference it influenced what was decided there americans and british racing across liberated belgium and france toward germany the russians marching through eastern europe including poland at the time of the although soviet troops were already deep in poland and were certain to get deep into into germany there was no effective means at that time to oppose their forward movement when the war was still going on and it was therefore highly probable that the soviet union would exercise an important political role in eastern europe that reality was on fdr's mind when he arrived at yalta for what was to be his last chance to achieve his post-war aims he looked tired and haggard later on it was said his condition impaired his dealings with stalin but by most accounts fdr's mind was as clear and quick as always and at no time during the conference did he give any indication of being unable to give his full bigger intelligence strength to the issues before them roosevelt and stalin and churchill met for eight days fdr was convinced he got what he came for for one stalin promised that russia would enter the war against the japanese he wanted above all at yalta i think to be sure that the russians not only would come in against japan but would come in early enough to take some of the brunt of the conquest of japan which was expected to take about a million american casualties stalin also agreed to keep russia in the united nations after the war roosevelt firmly believed that soviet american cooperation in the u.n was the only way to maintain post-war peace in addition the big three committed to free elections and democratic governments in the eastern european nations averill harriman was at yalta with fdr and he remembers he got stalin to assure the independence of eastern europe and three countries agreed that they should be able to hold free and unfettered elections the people should be and that the people should have their independence and a complete right of individual control of their country i hope that you will pardon me for an unusual posture of sitting down during the presentation of what i want to say i know that you'll realize that it makes it a lot easier for me in not having to carry about 10 pounds of steel round on the bottom of my legs and also because of the fact that i have just completed a 14 000 mile trip there were two main purposes in this crimea conference the first is to bring defeat to germany with the greatest possible speed with the smallest possible loss of added man the second purpose was to continue to build the foundation for an international accord that will bring order and security after the chaos of the war in public he was the idealist who assumed eastern europe would be free and independent outside the soviet sphere privately he knew better after the conference he announced to the american congress that the altar meeting meant the end of spheres of influence but in fact in private he repeatedly said that spheres of influence were a reality of international life which the country could not do away with the name yota even today is associated with diplomatic failure nothing in roosevelt's record as a statesman has aroused more controversy more second guessing than his dealings at yalta critics accuse him of giving away eastern europe the accusation that at yalta we gave away east europe implies that east europe was ours to give away which it simply was not unless uh the west was prepared to walk straight from world war ii against germany and world war iii against the soviet union we had to accept the power structure which was established by soviet military strength i think it's from one point of view unfair to blame roosevelt for what happened to eastern europe one can blame him more i think for not realizing sooner than he did that is practically within days of his death that he was dealing with a man in stalin who could not be trusted i have always believed that in the immediate post-war period after roosevelt died a perhaps more assertive american diplomacy strangely enough using the altar agreements as a basis might have prevented the establishment of satellite regimes it might have caused the soviets to content themselves with establishing finland type situations in eastern europe but that the soviet union would be politically dominant in eastern europe was inherently in the strategy of the war not in the diplomacy of you although and i am confident that the congress and the american people will accept the results of this conference as the beginnings our permanent structure of peace upon which we can begin to build under god that better world in which our children and grandchildren yours and mine the children and grandchildren of the whole world must live and can live when he came to office america was isolated economically crippled militarily weak he led the way as we won a war we could have lost winning it quickly and with a minimum of american casualties our isolationism ended forever we became a superpower economically and militarily the strongest nation in the history of the world [Music] fdr will continue very victory also a moral victory evil had been crushed by the good guys and we were the good guys but maybe not that good early in the war roosevelt allowed the roundup of some 120 000 japanese americans who were put in internment camps on the west coast they were presumed to be traitorous and disloyal on grounds of race while german americans and italian americans whites never were subjected to anything like this the aclu calls it the worst breach of civil liberty in american history roosevelt also ordered wiretapping and the opening of mail for national security he said he did so without a court order and the idea was to keep a close watch on aliens just how far the fbi went is uncertain but there seems little doubt it was an extraordinary expression of presidential power recently discovered in 1940 roosevelt had a recording machine in the white house and a microphone at his desk some visiting senators had gone out and misquoted him and he demanded accurate transcripts of what he had said well there's not much in the recordings [Music] there was talk of publicizing the fact his opponent wendell wilkie had a mistress even though roosevelt did too but nothing happened and after a few weeks the machine was never used something else not related was the holocaust millions of european jews were murdered in nazi death camps roosevelt knew something about what was going on lots of people did diplomats journalists winston churchill jews around the world but mostly they didn't believe it because genocide on such a scale was incomprehensible unprecedented and perhaps even physically impossible fdr was pained by what he knew about the concentration camps but neither he nor any other allied leader grasped the magnitude of it and rather than diverting army forces to rescue the victims he went ahead with the allied strategy of winning the war as fast as possible fdr will continue with a look at the world beyond the altar one day a world the war ended in the summer of 1945. it ended in europe when the germans surrendered it ended in japan when the atomic bomb was dropped on two japanese cities causing the most horrible devastation roosevelt ordered the atomic bomb built but did not live to see it used well now with peter jennings we will turn again to our four presidents and ask them what has happened in foreign policy since and because of what roosevelt foresaw [Music] we've seen our civilization in deadly peril successfully we have met the challenge we owe it to our prosperity we owe it to our heritage of freedom we owe it to our god to devote the rest of our lives and all of our capabilities to the building of a solid durable structure of world peace it's been 37 years since the end of world war ii they have not brought the peace which fdr had prayed for the united nations which he helped create was intended to stand on the rock of unity between the great powers the greatest division in the post-war world has been that between the two greatest powers once allies in the war against hitler fdr had wanted a world in which the united states and the soviet union would cooperate as the american delegation left the altar there was genuine hope not long after the war those hopes began to disintegrate from stephen in the baltic to trieste in the adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent as the west sought the russians betrayed agreements made at yalta there were no free elections in poland there were to be none anywhere in eastern europe as stalin saw it yalta and the soviet war effort had made eastern europe a soviet sphere of influence in which moscow would have the final say soviet domination very often by force of arms has been a major source of continuing east west tension fdr successors have been unable to stop the soviets whenever they decided to crush even limited experiments with democracy it is ironic in the winter of 1981 the independent polish union was suppressed in part for trying to implement those free elections agreed at yalta 37 years ago did fdr give away too much at yalta while most historians conclude he did not among fdr's living successors there continue to be different assessments they literally turned over eastern europe to the soviet union as a sphere of influence and interest but they did insist on provisions of the things that uh stalin had agreed that he would do churchill as we know took a different viewpoint from roosevelt churchill was saw stalin's vulnerabilities or what have you long before others did but he was unable to convince roosevelt on that and he said that he was shocked by roosevelt's appearance he said he was not himself uh he he said had he been well the whole course of history would have been different i think we gave away too much at yalta whether a more adamant position by churchill and roosevelt could have prevailed i really do not know but uh if there was a serious mistake made by roosevelt in the conduct of foreign affairs it was being too generous to stalin do you think at yalta he really had any choice realistically he probably didn't from a negotiator's point of view it would have been pretty much impossible to get stalin to move all those russian troops out of those occupied areas eight presidents since fdr have negotiated with the soviet government they've only been fleeting embraces the american perception of soviet behavior has always been conditioned by the lingering suspicion they could not be trusted do you think the russians can be trusted to keep an agreement now well let me say knowing their philosophy that morality is that which further socialism that i would not believe that any of the negotiations for example in arms reductions that were engaged in uh should be concluded without provision for verification for both sides to make sure that each side is eliminating the weapons that it has promised to eliminate in most of the cases i believe they have kept their word in others they have shaded their actions they're always pushing to the to the deadline so to speak to go beyond it go beyond what they have agreed to [Music] they're they're aggressive they are seeking to do what they believe is in their best interest we have to be tough in the negotiations but we have to be just as tough in insisting that they live up to whatever they have previously agreed to you made probably the most serious effort of any president since roosevelt to work out some kind of accommodation with the soviet union do you think it is possible now i i think that what we have to realize is that there is a way to deal with the russians now they may be wrong and they may be evil and all that sort of thing and i have made that case but on the other hand they are not stupid and they do not want to destroy themselves and destroy the world they want the world but they do not want war because after war the world wouldn't be worth having i would talk to them i would try to negotiate limitations on nuclear arms i would certainly trade with them on the right kind of a basis and also to influence them by simply pointing out that if they misbehave by attempting to expand their influence over areas that are vital to us that we have ways to react at the end of world war two fdr left the united states tall and strong amid the ashes only the u s and the soviet union could really lay claim to being global powers world conflict since then has been shaped by their competing interests the american reaction to the soviet union has caused the united states to expand its military commitments far beyond what fdr thought they should be we must take immediate and resolute action in 1947 came the truman doctrine the united states drew firm lines around the western world and declared that soviet influence should go no further should we fail to eat greece and turkey in this faithful hour the effect will be far-reaching to the west as well as to the east the cold war had begun a year later a soviet-sponsored coup in czechoslovakia finalized soviet domination of eastern europe by then fdr's policy of cooperation had given way to containment of what america perceived to be soviet expansion what the russians still see today as a policy of american encirclement american soviet relations since then have been a vicious circle of mutual suspicion for every president since fdr anti-communism has been a central factor in his foreign policy wherever communism was perceived to be active the united states moved to meet it communist activity in asia especially the korean war in which the north was supported by moscow and peking led the united states in search of asian anti-communist allies in the late 1950s in the name of anti-communism the eisenhower doctrine was an attempt to defend western interests in the middle east american troops and military aid were offered to virtually anyone who said they were resisting international communism let every nation know john f kennedy maintained the policy minutes after becoming president he told the world how far the united states would go to implement it that we shall pay any price bear any burden support any friend any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty by the mid 60s the us was something of a godfather and had military alliances with 42 other nations and then there was vietnam for the communist aggressors to win in vietnam they would know that they can accomplish through so-called wars of national liberation what they could not accomplish through naked aggression in korea the united states believed it was helping resist soviet and chinese expansion the vietnamese communists had been fighting since before the second world war to rid themselves of foreign domination they saw the united states as just another imperial power ironically perhaps roosevelt was committed to the notion that colonies like vietnam should be allowed to rule themselves vietnam is the only war the united states has ever lost the failure in vietnam led to the most critical re-examination of american global responsibility since fdr's death our power is not unlimited as the vietnam experience tends to to indicate but on the other hand as we look at the situations in the persian gulf in africa which has all of the mineral resources and so forth so essential to our friends in europe and japan as well as ourselves and all the industrial countries we have got to see to it that our mineral resources and our oral resources are not cut off that is what what i think is the great foreign policy uh challenge for the united states in this period the war that we are likely to lose is one that we're not going to fight it will be in this third world area which the soviet is going after very effectively in the world since fdr events have tended more and more to escape the will of the oval office for one thing american economic power has declined before the end of world war ii the united states was largely self-sufficient in natural resources but now some emerging nations control the oil and other resources the west needs to survive they have a power they never had before to hold the american economy hostage the rising demand of developing nations to share either the world's resources or political power has played havoc with presidential policy the actions of some both rich and poor pose the possibility of worldwide economic chaos american military power has not declined although the dangers of using it have increased and american influence alone is not always enough president carter faced a rising tide of islamic nationalism iran held his diplomats hostage for 444 days trying to maintain roosevelt's image of an american-inspired world order is now virtually impossible the iranian revolution the capture of our hostages was an event that uh i think controlled me instead of the other way around i had to protect our nation's interest and its integrity and try to bring those hostages home safely it was an ever-present concern of mine and i felt very frustrated at my own impotence in accomplishing that rapidly on the other hand there were things where i felt we could control events we had a great influence in extending america's relationships with the emerging countries of the world and trying to enhance human rights and bringing siddharth and began together to form the first step toward a comprehensive mideast peace in a time of crisis a president has much greater control of events and when there's no crisis imminent partisanship intrudes and the president's influence becomes less well i don't think you control uh all events i think you can control some things but you can't control the events that have happened in poland you can't control uh the some of the things in the middle east but even there you can make up your mind that you're going to do your utmost uh to help find a solution well i suppose the major event of my presidency uh particularly in the first term uh was of course the war in vietnam now i could not control that event but i think one of our major achievements is that despite the fact that we did have the war that at that time we still did were able to go forward on some foreign policy initiatives the china initiative we undertook and did not allow the war totally to obsess us so that we didn't go forward in other areas it's very important that a president not allow the event of the moment to blind his vision of the future the years since fdr have been darkened above all else by the shadow of nuclear weapons when franklin roosevelt died the bomb that was to end the war and change the world had not even been tested but the bomb of course has has changed foreign policy altogether there was a time when war or the threat of war could be justified as an instrument of national policy i don't think that i think that time is gone now uh if it's rather an empty threat to say we're going to start a nuclear war if unless you quit doing something which we don't like someplace in the world it's horrifying there would be no escape if it happened and i have to say but in my own mind and in this position i'm going to do everything i can to see if we cannot reduce if not totally eliminate those weapons to the point that the world no longer will have to live under the threat of incineration [Music] but while nuclear weapons have become the most powerful restraining influence on the superpowers the nuclear club has expanded and other nations further threatened the world stability by being on the nuclear threshold we live today in a more dangerous world more so because of the nuclear weapons which roosevelt commissioned on the day before he died roosevelt wrote a speech containing advice more relevant now than when it was written today he wrote science has brought all the quarters of the globe so close together that it is impossible to isolate them from one another today wrote fdr we are faced with the preeminent fact that if civilization is to survive we must cultivate the science of human relations the ability of all people of all kinds to live together and work together in the same world at peace fdr a final note in a moment he was there when the country was in danger first at home and then abroad and he dealt with both not perfectly by any means the war left eastern europe in trouble as it still is and the new government role he created has now become so expensive the people cannot afford it but that happened after he died and it goes on the records of those in office since roosevelt and those of us who elected them his legacy was a changed country in a changed world because his influence still lives franklin roosevelt is himself still a part of our living history and when he was our president it was almost impossible for those who knew him to imagine that he would ever not be president the poet archibald mcleish who wrote for fdr recalls the last time he saw him alive and realized that his life was nearly over it was twilight he was facing what little light there was and he looked up and looked at the window and i've never seen [Music] such anguish in the human face and it suddenly came over me it had not come over me once prior to that time it suddenly came over me that he was going to die and that afternoon hour was in my mind when when the news came a press association has just announced that president roosevelt is dead the president died of a cerebral hemorrhage all we know so far is that the president died at warm springs in georgia [Music] the drums are wrapped in black crepe they're muffled as you can hear the pace of the musicians is so slow behind them these are navy boys and now just coming past the treasury i can see the horses drawing the case on and most generally folks having a tougher time as i am and behind us is the car bearing the man on whose shoulders now was the terrific burdens and responsibilities that were handled so well by the man to whose body we're paying our last respects now god bless him returning out of the studio the people stood there and cried i did too it was [Music] it was a great sorrow because part of the country was dying too i mean part of the country that one wanted to keep alive me [Applause] foreign [Music] uh oh this way now [Music] hey you

Channel: pannoni14

Views: 13,621

Keywords: Franklin D. Roosevelt, documentary, history, President, 1980s, vintage, World War II, Great Depression, New Deal

Id: yT9bW5bU2Bw

Length: 53min 30sec (3210 seconds)

Published: Mon Jul 06 2020