Doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo. Ex my... "Neither you nor your hairy-ass
friend can come to my party!" E! That's so rude. Hi. James from engVid. Today's lesson is going to be on correlative
conjunctions, or let's say conjunctive pairs to make it simple. Mr. E made a statement where he said two things
using two words to bring two statements together, two related ideas and
brought them together. In this case: "you" and
"your hairy-ass friend". I want to go to the board and I want to explain
the correlative conjunctions to you, because I know conjunctions you've heard of, but this
will be a little twist that can add to your English to make it more advanced.
Are you ready? Let's go to the board. All right, so E talked about correlative conjunctions,
and what I want to do is just go over conjunctions basically to you. Okay? So, conjunctions like: "for", "so",
"because", "and", and "or" are easy. You know, they're
everyday words. You say them regularly. "My friend and I", "You",
or "Him", or "Her". Right? And we use these to join words,
clauses, and phrases together. Right? "The people I saw and my
best friends were happy." Okay? So, a correlative conjunction is the same kind
of thing as, like, your joining statements, but they're of... Sorry. "Of", not "or". Of related information. And when they come together... When I say pairs, it's like imagine a boy and
a girl together and they're a happy couple, they work together. Okay? So, "either", "or" is one
of the first examples. You've seen "either". Right? Or you've seen "or", but what I want
to talk about is "either", "or". In "either", "or" it
gives you a choice. "Either you pay me the money
now or I break your legs." You have a choice; whether you like
that choice or not, it's a choice. The second one is also... Is: "not only", "but also". It's about surprise. In the first case we're saying: "Not only
was she happy"-there was a surprise- "but she also got married",
there's even more surprise. So, in this correlative pair we
talk about the idea of surprise. You put this plus this, there's
a surprise, plus more surprise. In our third case we
talk about negation. That's what I was talking about, Mr. E
here said: "Not you, nor your friend". A lot of students have a problem with
"neither", "nor" or "neither", "nor". By the way, they're
the same thing. You'll hear people say:
"Neither this" or "nor". My idea on that or my take on that is this: A
lot of educated people will say: "Neither", and it's more British. And Americans tend to
say: "Neither" more. Is there really a
grammatical difference? Not at all, but just keep that in mind that if
you hear someone say: "Neither" they probably have gone to university, a little bit more
educated, and "neither" is just more commonplace. It's not better, it's not worse, it's
just a preference in style. Okay? But when you say "neither"... "Neither", "nor", it means
not this and not that. It's not a choice. People confuse "either", "or"
because you have a choice. This means: This is not true and that's
not true, so both are not true anymore. Cool? Keep that in mind. It makes everything negative. And finally: "both", "and"
is inclusive or including. You know: "Both my brother and
my father love baseball." So I'm taking two, right? "Both", my brother, I am saying there are two
parts, and the secondary part is included with the first part, so
it's an including. Cool? Now, we've got the
basic lesson down. We're going to go to the board, of course you
know I'm going to give you a bit of a quiz. I hope you understand. I'll go over it quickly for
you once again just in case. "Either", "or" is choice; "not only", "but
also" is surprise and it's two surprises, the first case is a surprise, the second one
is even more of a surprise; "neither", "nor" is negation, meaning no, x, nothing, no; and
"both", "and" is included, so you're including this with that, both she and he were happy.
Right? Cool? All right, so once again we're
going to do our magic board. Got to do a little bit of a quiz, and I'll
give you a little bit extra on conjunctions in just a second. [Snaps] Okay, so you'll remember we were talking about,
you know, correlative conjunctions, and what I want you to do just before I got to the
quiz, because I said we were doing a quiz -which is true-I want to show
you how they work in sentences because I explained
it to you, but I think one picture is worth a thousand words,
so we're going to do, well, four pictures. Okay? So, here are some
conjunction examples. Four markers to make
it clear, okay? So: "They told me to either buy
the shoes or put them back." So in this case you can see the choice, you
can buy or put them back, but you have to do one or the other. Okay? And that's what the
"either" is indicating here. "Either buy this one
or put them back." That is your choice. Okay? Let's do the next one: "Not only did it smell",
okay just to let you know, when you say something smells in English, it's
not usually positive. We talk about a scent, someone has a
pleasant scent, not a pleasant smell. Okay? So: "Not only did it smell", that's my first part,
it's like: "It smelled. I didn't expect it to smell". "...but it also tasted funny". So, I'd give you an
example of a hamburger. I expect a hamburger to taste a certain way, but
if the hamburger had a smell I'd be surprised. It shouldn't smell like fish,
but then it tasted funny. It tasted like, I
don't know, licorice. Not only was I surprised
the first time. Remember I told you? The second one indicates
even a greater surprise. Something looked a certain way, but
tasted or felt a different way. Okay? So here we're looking at surprise and I'm showing
you how these show surprise and greater surprise. Let's look at
number three, okay? "The dog neither ate
nor slept at night." So, it neither ate... Okay? So it didn't eat. But I'm not even just saying it didn't eat,
I'm also going to say it didn't sleep. So, instead of... And let's go back to number one where you
have a choice of buying it or putting away. In this case you don't get to eat and you
don't get to sleep, neither thing is true. You don't get to do either one,
and that's why it's a negation. Okay? Both are taken away from you. Here you're offered a choice, here you show
surprise, but in this one you get nothing; you don't get this and
you don't get that. Now, finally we have: "Mr. E was both
funny and modest about his adventures." Well, we're saying the
two are together. In this case he was funny and... If I'm going to go back to, don't tell anybody,
but we'll go back to a simple conjunction "and" because you know "and"
means both things are truth. This is just saying here the inclusion
is both, meaning two things. So it's telling you right at the beginning
there are two things that are true; one is being funny, the other is being modest, and
we're including them together to make it a stronger statement. So instead of just saying: "He was
funny and this", we're saying: "He was both funny and modest", stronger
statement and it's inclusive or including. Do you like that? Cool. Now we've gone through all four sentences,
I'm going to test your knowledge because you have examples of it, you know what it means
- let's see how well you do on the quiz. Let's start with number one. "Not only"... Oops, sorry. "Not only was it"... Sorry. "Not only was it of great
quality but it was also cheap." Would it be A, B, C, or D? Okay. Before I put it on the board,
let's go to number two. "Both the man and his
dog were stupid." Sorry. I don't know where that came from,
but I liked it so I wrote it down. "Both the man and his
dog were stupid." Okay? So I want... Once again I'm going to step back, I want you to
take a look at your choices and figure out which... Where it goes. Okay? Okay, number three: "Neither the woman
nor the man were happy with the answer." Once again, which one do you
think would be the correct one? Inclusion, choice,
negation, or surprise? And finally, we have this one: "Either you watch
the program or we turn off the television." Okay, so you've had
time to think about it. Let's go to the answers and
see which one it would be. Now, number one was: "Not only was it of
great quality but it was also cheap." That sounds like a
surprise, right? "Not only was it of great quality but it
was also cheap", so that one goes here. D1 is here. Surprise, I was surprised at
the quality and the cost. Right? Now let's look at... Take a look at number two: "Both
the man and his dog were stupid." I know it's a bad sentence,
but I just kind of like it. Okay. Both. Well, it seems I'm including the
man and his dog together, right? That would be inclusion. Right? So, inclusion, so we're going
to go here with number 2. Inclusion or included. How about this one: "Neither the woman
nor the man were happy with the answer"? So not this one and not that
one, I think that would be... What do you think that would be? Yeah, I made that one easy,
here we go, 3, negation. Right? Both of them were not happy. And finally, we know the answer is
choice, let's go down to number four: "Either you watch the program
or we turn off the television." All right? Number 4. And there we have our answers. How did you do? Did you get all four correct? If not, we should go back... Go back to the beginning, watch the explanation,
and then look at the example sentences I have over here-right?-to make
sure you understand properly. Now, time for me to get going. I've got a bit of
pairing to do myself. Do you know what I mean?
[Clicks tongue]. Okay, anyway, before I go I just want to say:
Thank you very much for watching the video. Please go to engVid, because if you know,
when you go to engVid you'll notice that I actually did another video on
comma girl and I think it was... Comma girl and conjunction boy, so that's,
you know, in greater detail on that. Anyway, and we have... Also have other information from
other teachers doing the same thing. But I want to say thank you once again, and
I'm going to say go to www.engvid.com, where you can see my video and other
ones, and don't forget to subscribe; push that button, press that
screen, whatever you've got to do. All right? Have a good one.
