Dr Kat and Lady Margaret Pole

hello and welcome back to the channel if you're new here hi you're very welcome this is reading the past and I'm doctor cat and today's video broadly speaking follows on from video that I made earlier on Richard the third was he framed or wasn't he and if so by whom I'll be sure to leave that video linked in a card up here in that video I of course talked about the prince in the tower who were missing presumed dead perhaps murdered during their uncle's reign but I also talked about the fact that they were not the only boys in England with as good if not better acclaimed the throne of England than which the third himself had there was another and yet this boy was not targeted for assassination his name was Edward Plantagenet he was Earl of Warwick the son of George Duke of Clarence George Duke of Clarence was the younger brother of King Edward the fourth however most importantly he was the elder brother of King Richard the third and because of the fact that he was the elder brother there were many in England who believed that his children would have a better claim for the throne than which the third himself did which the third countered this by saying that because George Cukor crowns have been attainted for treason he and his entire bloodline had been barred from inheriting the throne nevertheless this was a rival claimant in England but Richard does not move against him this boy survived Richards reign and lives in to Henry the seventh ring where he is publicly executed for treason but we weren't talking about him today today I want to talk about his sister a woman who survives the upheavals and violence of the Wars of the Roses who makes a good marriage and also makes her way for the most part successfully at the Tudor Court that was until something went catastrophic ly wrong she ends up in the tower and she is executed on the orders of Henry the eighth in one of the most brutal and barbaric executions in our entire history her name was Lady Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury and we're going to talk about her today [Music] [Music] margit was born on the 14th of august 1473 to George Duke of Clarence and his wife Isabel Neville she was the eldest daughter of Richard Neville Earl of Warwick and Salisbury known to history most commonly as Warwick the kingmaker on her father's side as I mentioned her uncle's were Edward the fourth and the future which the third this meant that her first cousins were the prince in the tower little edward and richard and their elder sister Elizabeth of York who would become the wife of Henry Tudor King Henry the seventh Margaret was just three years younger than her cousin the future ill-fated Edward the fifth and three days older than his younger brother Richard Duke of York when her uncle Edward the fourth passed away it was of course assumed that her cousin would become King and that is how it was announced however as we know he never made his coronation and before long his uncle Richard had become Richard the third as I mentioned Richard the third claimed that Margaret's father's act of attainder barred his children from any claim to the throne equally he disinherited the children of Edward the fourth and Elizabeth of York by claiming that their marriage had never been valid as unsettling as we might imagine that this upheaval would have been for Margaret it was not the first time that she would have known distress she was already an orphan her father had died in 1478 allegedly executed in secret in the Tower of London by being drowned in a vat of momsie wine while her mother had pre deceased him by two years dying in 1476 in September 1493 King reached the third cent Margaret and her brother Edward these two orphaned siblings to live at sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire therefore by the time she was 10 Margaret arguably had experienced more unrest and upheaval than most of us will experience in a lifetime but it was not over yet two years later on the 22nd of October 1485 the Battle of Bosworth took place Henry Tudor defeats which the third to become Henry the seventh he chose to date his rule from the 21st of August the day before the battle Henry the seventh claimed the throne was tenuous the prince in the tower were missing thus edward and margaret could easily be set up as rival claimants of the Yorkist throne it is perhaps for this reason that in the aftermath of his victory at Bosworth Henry the seventh made the decision to move Margaret's brother Edward to the Tower of London by fortune 87 false rumours had begun to circulate that Edward Plantagenet Earl of Warwick had died in the tower upon hearing these rumors they set up a pretender Lambert Simnel to pose as Edward his supporters had him crowned in Dublin on the 24th of May 1487 and they provided him with a military force in an attempt to claim the throne in his name his forces were defeated at Stoke Field on the 16th of June 1487 through the setting up of this pretender and the fact that his supporters mount an invasion of England to try and take the throne from him Henry the seventh was reminded of the powerful position that Edward and Margaret held in England to minimize her threat Henry married margaret to richard pol who was the son of his mother's half-sister Edith Richard pol was not as highborn as Margaret but then of course few were but he was certainly not lowborn Richard became one of the most crucial members of Henry's regime he was granted various high-profile positions and titles he was Lord Chamberlain to Prince Arthur from 1493 and in April 1499 he officiated at the proxy wedding of Prince Arthur Henry the seventh eldest son to Catherine of Aragon he was elected to the Order of the Garter in the same year he was also given the honour and responsibility of escorting Princess Margaret to Scotland for her to be married to James the fourth in 1503 Margaret and Richard had five children that would survive into adulthood Henry who would become the future Lord Montague ass Ursula Reginald and Jeffrey on the 21st of November 1499 Margaret would experience a personal familial tragedy however on this dates her brother Edward was executed for treason on Tower Hill it was alleged that he had plotted to escape with another Pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck Margaret would not be able to at the grief of this event consume her however because just over two years later in December 1501 she was sent to serve Cathal ameri-ghen as Princess of Wales and she stayed in this role until the death of Prince Arthur in 1502 the death of Arthur parted the women but as history will show Margaret's friendship and loyalty to Katherine would be strong and enduring it would not be long before Margaret like Kathy Aragon was herself a widow Sir Richard pol died in October 1504 and his death left Margaret struggling financially because of her financial trouble she was forced to give up her son Reginald to the church it would seem that in later life Reginald saw this as a total abandonment and when in 1536 his mother Margaret wrote to him to reprimand him for refusing to recognize Henry the eighth's royal supremacy he responded resentfully quote you never took any care to provide for my living nor otherwise as you did for other in 1509 King Henry the seventh passed away and his seventeen year old son ascended the throne as Henry the eighth at once he took us his wife his brother's widow Catherine of Aragon the pair were crowned together and Margaret immediately became a member of Queen Catherine's chamber her role would be a prominent one and would earn her ample reward as a testament of the enduring nature of the friendship between these two women in February 1512 Henry restored Margaret to the earldom of Salisbury with that came all the lands which her brother Edward had held at the time of his death historians have read this act as quote a tacit recognition of the injustice of his execution Margaret paid just 5,000 marks for her restoration but by 1518 some of the lands were in question and had been read possessed the King making a claim to ownership of them Margaret unfortunately showed herself to be stubborn over this claim this stubbornness is seen by many historians as a misstep on her part perhaps the first mistake of many that would lead eventually to the complete rift between her and her King Henry the eighth nevertheless as Countess of Salisbury Margaret Pole was the first and apart from Anne Boleyn the only woman in 16th century England to hold a peerage title in her own right by 1538 Margaret's gross annual income was two thousand three hundred and eleven pounds making her among the top five wealthiest peers in her generation and potentially one of the most influential women in England as a mark of her prominence in may 15 20 market was appointed governess to the Princess Mary however she was removed from this position in July 1521 when her sons came under suspicion of being involved with the Duke of Buckingham stream indeed her daughter Ursula was married to buckingham son henry nevertheless she was reappointed governess in 1525 by this point margaret attempted to dispute with her king over parcels of land she also now seemingly had ties to traitors but that was not all relations between margaret and king henry the eighth were damaged because of his great matter margaret showed open support for katham aragon and the princess mary following Henry's decision to annul his marriage in 1533 she took the great risk of refusing Henry's request to surrender the princess's jewels and plate and when Mary's household was dissolved in December 15 33 Margaret offered to serve the princess at her own expense the offer was firmly refused in another disaster Margaret was connected with Elizabeth Barton known as the holy maid of Kent a young woman who claimed to have visions from God in these visions she said that God warned King Henry against marrying and Berlin in fact she said that if he did so he would not be king for even one month more and that dogs would lick his blood this was treason predict seeing the King's death speaking of the King's death even thinking of the King's death was an act against him and Lady Margaret poll was being tied to this woman and her treasonous prophesies additionally it was found that she had tried to prevent the appointment of Cromwell's nominee as prior of Bishop not only was she making Henry the eighth into an enemy but she was also making his leading councillor Cromwell into one as well for evidence of how far Lady Margaret pols relationship with King Henry the Eighth had broken down we need to look at an exchange from 1535 the Spanish ambassador shap we asked that the now Lady Mary should again be placed under Margaret's care Henry the eighth exploded describing the countess as quote a fool of no experience after amber Lynn's execution on the 19th of May 1536 Lady Margaret Pole returned to the Royal Court there she had the potential to regain King Henry the eighth's trust and favor however events unconnected to Margaret's own activities would mean that it would not be an easy journey back because 1536 as I mentioned previously was the year that her son Reginald announced his opposition to the royal supremacy and he did so in a letter in defence of ecclesiastical unity which arrived before Henry the eighth in that same year of 1536 Margaret's son safe in Italy had placed her in man speak ibly dangerous position it is believed by many that Henry the eighth was absolutely furious with Reginald Pole with his denial of the royal supremacy and more than that that he wanted vengeance but he couldn't get access to Reginald Pole as I mentioned he was safely tucked away in Italy so instead he would resort to wreaking that vengeance on the family Aboriginal Pole in August 15 38 Lady Margaret poles other son Reginald brother Geoffrey was arrested following the discovery that he had been in communication with his brother Reginald with this the whole family could be implicated on the 12th of November 15:38 it was the turn of Lady Margaret pole herself on this date she was arrested and taken for inter by all accounts she defended herself and confessed to nothing in May 15:39 without a trial perhaps because during her interrogation she had defended herself so well margaret was attainted for treason in Parliament the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry on lady margaret poll talks about this event and asserts the following quote in order to facilitate the endorsement of her attained in the lords cromwell produced a tunic allegedly found in one of her coffers which symbolized reginald pols intention to marry marry and restore papal authority in england in all likelihood this tunic was fabricated by Cromwell as warbling t'en and the countess's coffers had been thoroughly searched at her arrest in november 1538 and it is hard to believe that it had not come to light until six months later by november 1539 lady margaret pol had been moved from the home of William Fitzwilliam Earl of Southampton in Cowdray to the Tower of London at the Tower of London Lady Margaret Pole lived in fine style she was kept lavishly as befitted her station in life Henry the eighth's paid for her to have access to good food a waiting woman and new clothing in March 1541 the Queen's own tailor was paid 11 pounds sixteen shillings and fourpence as a reimbursement for apparel bought and made for Margaret pole and a month later a further 66 shillings and eight pence were spent on necessaries for her nevertheless just one month after Henry the eighth's purse had made this expenditure for necessaries for Lady Margaret pole at seven o'clock on the morning of the 27th of May 15:41 Lady Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury was taken from her rooms to a scaffold erected within the tower for the purpose accounts assert that she only learnt she was to die on the same morning after commending her soul to God asking the small group present to pray for the royal family and requesting to be remembered to Princess Mary she suffered at the hands of quote a wretched and blundering youth who literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces in the most pitiful manner lady margaret pol Countess of Salisbury was 67 years old at the time of her execution and this fact coupled with the details of the brutality of her execution continued to strike horror in the minds of those who learn of it Lady Margaret poles body was laid to rest in the Chapel of st. Peter at vinculum at the Tower of London it was there that her remains were discovered in 1876 ten years after the rediscovery of her remains Lady Margaret Pole in 1886 was beatified by Pope Leo the 13th so I'd love to know what you think of this video what you think of the life death and legacy of Lady Margaret pole Countess of Salisbury do you agree with some historians who assert that by looking at the facts of her imprisonment and execution we can see that by this point at least King Henry the eighth is more tyrant than King let me know in the comment section down below or come and find me over on my social media as always I'll be leaving the links to my Instagram and Twitter in the description box so you can follow me there and we can continue this conversation I do hope you've enjoyed this video and found it useful if you did then please let me know by hitting the thumbs up please also subscribe to this channel and while you're there why not hit the bell icon next subscribe button so that YouTube tells you and I've next uploaded I hope you're gonna have a great day whatever you're doing and I look forward to speaking to you all in my next video take care of yourselves bye bye for now [Music] you [Music]

Channel: undefined

Views: 85,491

Rating: 4.9794154 out of 5

Keywords: Lady Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, Reginald Pole, Henry VIII, Tudor, Tower of London, Execution, Great Matter, Katherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Wars of the Roses, Education, Literature, Culture, History, Early Modern, Renaissance

Id: qvL05eQV1S8

Length: 17min 28sec (1048 seconds)

Published: Fri Jan 10 2020