Discovery Dinosaurs Europe

far beneath the ruins of Europe's glorious civilizations lies an even more ancient world when dinosaurs were kings for millions of years their bones lay hidden preserved in a gloomy primeval swamp but a new age of discovery dawned that would bring dinosaurs back to life as European science gave birth to the greatest Giants to ever walk the earth Europe 70 million years ago on a steamy tropical day a dinosaur heads for the breeding ground a journey is Paris for millions of years volcanoes from a crack in the Earth's crust have been pouring lava into what is now the atlantic ocean building an underwater Ridge and creating an ocean sea level is 80 feet higher than today and swamps cover much of Europe's coastal plan the weather is hot and humid vegetation is lush and food is plenty but the dinosaur is wearing her worst nightmare is nearby stalking her a whirlwind of traveling and slashing cars bring her down in seconds this time she barely escapes her belly swollen with new life she makes her way to the nesting site the same one where she was born and her mother and her mother before here she will lay her eggs in the hope that her species will survive 70 million years later the primeval swamp would give way to vineyards and the walls of medieval castle and the South of France from the 12th century fortress one of today's foremost French paleontologists sets out to try to solve a mystery posed nearly a hundred and fifty years ago here in the Upper Valley of the ODE the river has carved its way through the foothills of the Pyrenees revealing coarse red gravel and mud deposited in prehistoric times today the valley is littered with fossils but it's the mystery surrounding the nearby village of rennes-le-chateau Butler's visitors here a century ago a poor parish priest built a lavish Citadel kindling rumors of a fabled treasure belonging to the Templar knights even now tales of hidden riches and the occult a tren'la chateau circulate on the internet but for paleontologists Eric booth toe the real treasure lies buried in the gravel just below the church the same sediments in which a local priest jean-jacques leche discovered some unusual fragments a hundred and fifty years ago the most remarkable are eggshell fragments of very great dimension twice wrote in 1859 their constant thickness between two perfectly parallel surfaces their fibrous structure and especially their regular curvature definitely suggest that they are enormous eggshells at least four times the volume of ostrich eggs oh those tiny extra fragrance are exactly similar to what jean-jacques twedge found back in the 1850s and he was due the first person ever to find and identify for selects the priest not only found the first dinosaur eggs he'd also stumbled on one of the largest nesting sites in the world the way they are there's a few things about the nesting patterns and with several layers which suggested the eggs were not just to get on the ground but let me the mother excavated some depression in the ground before she had the eggs and it moves like crocodiles for instance who built kinds of nests for their eggs of the hundreds of eggs that have been uncovered all are broken suggesting they'd hatched but no one knows what creature laid them seventy million years ago this land surrounding Carcassonne and rennes-le-chateau was populated by dinosaurs living in a tropical Delta here a primeval River laden with silt came to a sluggish halt but in times of flood it swelled catching the dinosaurs off-guard it swept them downstream to a tragic watery death and then deposited their bodies on the muddy banks today their bones are marked by green lines representing several years of accumulation the sight is spectacular dinosaurs of every kind are entombed here one on top of the other but the mystery remains what laid the eggs for different species are commonly found in the region large plant eaters called titanosaurs are so abundant they've been nicknamed the dinosaurs of the vineyard of own the most prevalent was m+ RS 30 feet tall and 50 feet long it weighed a ton but its most striking feature was an armor-plated shoulder blade another candidates truth asaurus was also armor-plated but smaller their arch rival was tarascus horas a vicious meat-eaters 16 feet long with a mouthful of jagged double-edged teeth but dinosaurs weren't the only egg-layers around 70 million years ago besides dinosaurs we also found remains of very large birds such as the pelvis here of a bird that was about the size of an ostrich of course with Birds must have we had eggs in big eggs so that makes it difficult for us at Eric's lab a technician delicately probes the fossilized contents of an egg recovered almost intact from the dig he's looking for the remains of an embryo the only way to find out which dinosaur laid the egg embryos are extremely hard to find and for Eric booth toe today is no exception Eric's wait for his first dinosaur embryo must continue but in 1988 one rocks cascaded down a hillside 800 miles away in a remote area near Hudson in central Romania it was Dan Riga rescue of Bucharest University's lucky day the landslide exposed the nest containing 16 giant eggs in prehistoric times the nest lay on the shore of a tropical wave here driven by instinct a pregnant dinosaur returned to the place where she was born to drop her clutch amazed but before her tiny offspring can hatch an unseasonal friend drowned the nest burying the eggs in the sediment that would preserve to avoid damaging the eggs grigorescu use a cat-scan to peer inside there he saw something his French colleague Eric booth toe would give his eye teeth to see the barely formed embryo of a dinosaur Herald up undisturbed for over 70 million years it was telnet asaurus a primitive plant-eater common to romania that would have grown up to 14 feet long it weighed a ton and had a set of grinding teeth but there was more riga rescue had also found the tiny remains of several infant dinosaurs while examining their thigh bones he noticed a change in the structure of their legs in the first days after hatching this suggests to us that fletchling's were kept in the nest til the bone characters developed enough to allow them to run so the mother was near the nest for all this time feeding the nestlings most modern reptiles abandon their young at birth that dinosaurs were good mothers could be one reason why they forage from east to west they roam the continent of Europe for millions of years before they went extinct two centuries ago no one could imagine that such creatures ever existed this monster skull four feet in length found in town was so famous but following the Polian victory at the Battle of mustering in 1795 he claimed it as a trophy of war and sent it to Paris to George Cuvier the most celebrated paleontologist of his day Cuvier recognized a reptile when he saw one but the fossil bore little resemblance to the bones of any living they thought it belonged to a giant seagoing lizard that lived in the remote past and no longer existed the trouble was no one in the eighteenth century had ever heard of extinction Europe is the birthplace of dinosaur science it's really where the the fundamental discoveries were made that allowed humanity to realize that animals had actually gone extinct Cuvier was the first to provide detailed evidence that creatures unlike any known to man had once lived that vanished from the face of the earth but in a world wrapped in religious dogma his ideas were heresy I'm not a lived one hundred and thirty years and begat assuming his own likeness alcohol by counting the begats in the Bible the Irish Archbishop James Ussher pronounced the earth was created in the year 4004 BC on October 26 at precisely 9:00 o'clock in the morning but a revolution was taking place in 1795 a Scotsman named James Hutton was exploring the landscape around Edinburgh when he made a stunning observation if erosion can wear down a mountain why hadn't Hadrian's Wall built by the Romans in 122 AD changed much in 16th centuries surely the earth must be more than a few thousand years old it was in Europe that people first discovered deep time that the history of the earth was layered and these layers stretch backwards into almost an abyss dinosaurs by the thousands once roamed what is now the coast of southern England these cliffs are 120 million years old but they represent only a fraction of Earth history below are layers stretching back even further into the abyss of time dinosaurs ruled during three geological time periods first was the Triassic which began 245 million years ago next came the Jurassic 205 million years ago then the Cretaceous which saw the end of the reign of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago it was the amateurs at the end of the 1700s the beginning of the 1800s the The ministers in the Anglican Church going out on weekends pounding on rocks that found the first dinosaurs filling in the dots in the history of life Gideon Mantell an English country doctor had a passion for fossils but in 1822 his wife Marianne found a tooth that would make history they showed it to a friend who happened to be studying the skeleton of a modern iguana it's teeth we're tiny compared to man tells fossil but strikingly similar in shape man tell concluded his tooth belonged to a giant reptile some 60 feet walk soon a partial skeleton was found in a slab of rock that would affectionately be christened the mantle piece this is man tells drawing of his monster reptile the first ever of a dinosaur of the time no one knew what it was he called it Iguanodon which means iguana tooth it was 30 feet long and nearly 3 times the height of a man a 5 ton plant eater roamed Europe in huge herds and was nicknamed the cow of the Cretaceous most scientists of the time thought creatures like Iguanodon were simply overgrown lizards but Richard Owen England's leading anatomist saw something different I have made them dinosauria from the Greek meaning elevated or fearfully great business in an hour celebrated address in 1841 he coined the word dinosaur to describe a new kind of reptile that lived on land stood upright and led a vigorous life thirteen years later at the new Crystal Palace park in South London they were introduced to the world oh and oversaw construction on the life-size Tonka size which can still be seen today with only a handful of bones to work with we used his imagination to fill in the gaps the Guana dawn looked like a one-horned rhinoceros with scaly skin and a long tail but the public loved it they can drove to see what one called the monsters that lived before no celebrate their success Owen hosted a dinner in the stomach of an unfinished Iguanodon but a new storm of controversy was already brewing in 1859 Charles Darwin published his landmark theory on the origin of species like a cannon it shook the foundations of the Victorian world he described the gradual transformation of life from one species into another fry process he called natural selection given enough time Darwin said an ape could turn into a man and a reptile into a bird the implications of his theory meant the world was more than four thousand years old blasphemy people crying I know that'll do it creationists roared back with Ecclesiastes chapter 3 verse 14 whatsoever god doeth it shall be forever nothing can be put to it nor anything taken from it explain the birds hostile scientists challenged did dinosaurs walk on all fours or on two legs like burns did dinosaurs develop wings and take to the air the debate would go unresolved for the next hundred years but before the century was out an astonishing discovery in Belgium would finally bring a real dinosaur laughter hundred million years ago a river swollen by seasonal rains winding its way through primeval Belgium surrounding it was a forest of tropical shrimps a mecca for prehistoric but the river was a dam here in the 19th century the tiny town of bareness south in southwestern belgium was famous for its vast deposits of coal but in 1878 miners stumbled on more than they bargained for while opening a new scene a thousand feet down they strapped something unusual it wasn't rock it wasn't wood it was a bone glistening with iron pyrite commonly known as fool's gold as a mineral it was worthless as a fossil it was the mother lode the first complete skeleton of an Iguanodon ever found in time 39 skeletons would emerge from the mine virtually intact never had so many dinosaurs of the same kind been found in one place trapped by the swollen river they drowned and their bodies were deposited on a muddy bank the tragedy was a godsend for early paleontologists for the first time they finally had enough bones to see what an Iguanodon looked like assembled by famed French anatomist Louis dolo they were mounted up right as if grazing on trees using their tails for support today's curator Pierre bolt tink is sceptical of the way they were put together so in this mounting of the guano dome the tail is bound and if you are looking closer you can see that in bending the tail some vertebrae have been broken Tolo envision Iguanodon perched on two legs like a kangaroo he rejected the four legged rhinoceros Richard Owen had introduced the Crystal Palace exhibit 25 years earlier dolo also showed that Owens nose horn was really a giant thumb claw wanna Don had one of the most extraordinary hands of any creature dead or alive the first finger equivalent to a human thumb had a very short palm bone which was welded into the wrist making it very strong in life it was covered by a long sharp spike which stuck out at a right angle useless gripping but a lethal weapon and self-defence the fifth finger was flexible and may have been used for stripping vegetation from a tree the three middle fingers end in broad hoof shaped claws designed as specialized walking toes later when footprints were discovered belonging to Iguanodon they showed that dolo and owen were both right sometimes they walked on four legs sometimes on two they also lived in vast herds and migrated throughout Europe but how they communicated remains a mystery some scientists claim they rode some think they hissed others believe they moved like cows we'll probably never know today their remains are found in only a few places curiously one is the tiny Isle of Wight five miles off the south coast of England for a fleeting moment 120 million years ago iguanodons passed this way left their footprints as steve part of the local museum discovered here's a landscape full of footprints these are tracked ways left by many iguanodons millions of years ago they're falling out of the rock and then come to rest here on the beach and it has a real beauty in front of me the footprint belongs to a creature some 30 feet long that weighed up to 3 big dinosaurs on a little island may seem strange but during the early cretaceous in the Isle of Wight didn't exist it was part of a huge floodplain geologists called the wheel which stretched across the english channel into northern france and built just what was this place like 120 million years ago when dinosaurs lived here well it was certainly nothing like we have it today there was no sea just a few yards away from me no sandy beach and no terrific cliff then it was a floodplain and it was miles and miles and miles an extent and it smelt the high heavens with dead trees rotting vegetation and stinking dinosaur carcasses it was a wonderful place to be a meat-eating going John inch is an amateur fossil hunter but his bull terrier Jake is a pro with over a dozen bones to his crown today it's a toe bone from a sauropod but in 1994 you found an unusual bone from the spine of an Iguanodon particularly jokes it's been deformed at the top we think possibly from a bite from a large carnivorous dinosaur several of the killer's teeth were found nearby and you can see from the marks here where the teeth may have gone in here here and again up in here 120 million years ago on the mudflats of the Isle of Wight a shadowy creature with a lust for blood stalked the hapless iguana the killer was well armed and dangerous but its identity is a mystery what wasn't Steve had on a team from the Isle of Wight Museum have found another tantalizing clue we may have the killer the killer of the iguana Dean here I've got a wonderful to think look at the preservation of this tooth is squashed it's cracked that's the pressure of these rocks thousands of tons of rocks over millions of years but if I just clean it a bit wet it it comes up beautifully you can see these serrations on the back and on the front called neova name the new hunter it was 26 feet long and weighed 3/4 of a ton an awesome predator it had teeth that could slice through flesh like a steak knife the first for the Isle of Wight it introduced the world to a new breed of predator this near venator tooth fits the grooving in the bits of the spine of the Iguanodon which was was so badly scarred and of course it's probably the major predator here it's a brilliant candidate for doing the killing this is an Iguanodon worst there I am minding my own business eating plant food suddenly the nightmare appeals and is coming now I'm the big one I'm about four or five tons and perhaps I shouldn't be afraid but thing comes online doesn't matter how big you are it's frightening you know it's trouble so you panic and you do silly things I've almost mashing it leaping across the Wilton bug Club and then bang it's on me and I guess it doesn't kill with this it kills the dish core and sharpey it disembowels me keeps the guts out then maybe while I'm still alive it goes in with this head and just snuggles around in my guts the windswept cliffs of the Isle of Wight are among the most prolific bone beds in Europe in layers spanning 25 million years dinosaurs of every kind of buried here but digging them out isn't easy Hut is 40 feet up on a vertical rock face with no safety analyst footing is tenuous and the ground could give way at any moment but for Steve HUD the risk is worth it he's found another killer the newest one is the most exciting one really for me to date because this is a new meat-eating dinosaur we have a thin animal we have a long legged animal we have a sharp long face with a broad blunt nose and since we've still got a lot of these bones trapped in the original rock which is just like concrete it's taken an awful long time to get the bones out we try chemicals and we try mechanical ways of shifting this rock off the bone but it's a slow slow delicate process excavated in April 1998 it has yet to be named but already it bears an eerie resemblance to velociraptor only twice as big a graceful hunter it stood five feet tall and with 16 feet long its arms had a 3-foot reach and it's hands or monstrous claws to cling to its prey or rip it apart and skin it alive a tiny Isle of white dinosaurs were larger than life but on another island in Eastern Europe they were stranger than fiction when dinosaurs ruled Europe the earth as we know it was far different all the continents were joined together in a giant landmass called Pangaea during the Jurassic period it began to break up by the Cretaceous 142 million years ago Europe was moving into its present position but it was just a hodgepodge of islands the Atlantic Ocean was only a thousand miles wide a land bridge linked North America to the British Isles but most of Europe lay underwater a vast shallow sea called ah--this only a few isolated peaks hinted at the continent to come as a supercontinent Pangea broke up into all these different parts the various animals and plants living on those land masses became isolated from other parts in doing so they started to evolve in their own independent trajectories often weird and strange animals evolved that didn't evolve anywhere else so the effects of isolation are - evolution has the chance to run off in varying directions in central Eastern Europe and what is now Romania an ancient island called heartsick was cut off from the rest of the world today it's Transylvania the legendary birthplace of vampires but long ago it spawned some equally strange dinosaurs instead of a Titans that roamed large continents these monsters were Dwarfs and they were really joining a team of Romanian scientists as paleontologists Mike Benton of Bristol University in England are exploring a quarry looking for signs of life on high sea during the Cretaceous when you come up here above the quarry site you can see the shape of the land there are mountains around and we have to imagine what it was like when the dinosaurs were here as the sea of tethers steadily rose dinosaurs that once roamed the continent were now marooned on tiny lines to survive they had no place to go but retro this is a fiber of a dinosaur called tail motto Saurus it's the same bone as in my leg here here's the knee joint and this is the upper joint that fits into the hip bones and this shows that this dinosaur is only 5 or 6 feet tall which is amazing because normally these kinds of dinosaurs in big plant eating dinosaurs have got a thigh bone which is this law telemeter Cyrus was a duck-billed dinosaur common in Europe and North America 70 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous normally they were 30 feet long and weighed one and a half the Romanian version is no taller than a man and one-tenth the size of its larger cousin the island of Hudson may have been small but the landscape wasn't overshadowed by monstrous ferns Telemachus ours proudly forged on the forest floor at 80 feet long Diplodocus was one of the largest dinosaurs but not in Transylvania as Dave advice sample from John Hopkins University discovered and what I have in my hand is the arm bone the humerus of a similar sort of dinosaur that lived in Romania some 65 million years ago and the reason that this is important and a little bizarre in fact is because this is a full-size dinosaur this is a grown-up this is an adult dinosaur called Magyar asaurus a sauropod like this one but it's clearly dwarf dwarf ism was only one response to isolation in another part of Europe the dinosaurs didn't scale down they just grew weird in 1983 an amateur collector uncovered the first complete fossil of a carnivore ever found in and the first from the Late Cretaceous anywhere in the world called Baryonyx meaning heavy claw it roamed the area around London 125 million years ago up to 30 feet long and weighing over a ton it vaguely resembled t-rex but this was no ordinary dinosaur it had the skull of a crocodile filled with 128 jagged teeth twice as many as any other land-based two-footed predator unlike most killers of its kind its claw a lethal 12 inches long was on its hands not its feet scientists now think Baryonyx was a fish eater that stalked a low-lying swamp that existed where London stands today on powerful hind legs a hungry Baryonyx waves through water swarming with armored fish the size of salmon and small sharks the size of catfish eight spies meal and lunges swiping a fish with its Johnny ball like a fisherman wielding a gaff a hundred and twenty five million years later Baryonyx his last meal is found stuck to its ribs the scales of the fish still invisible Baryonyx was a swamp killer that destroyed all that lay in its path but 600 miles away in the shadow of the Alps in the out moon valley of bavaria the killer was a lagoon and its prey a creature found nowhere else on earth it's discovery would fuel the ongoing debate over the theory of evolution in 1859 Darwin proposed the birds evolved from reptiles through a series of small changes his critics charged where are the missing links England's brilliant zoologist Thomas Huxley was convinced Darwin was right to prove it he argued the chickens leg stripped to the bone was identical to a dinosaurs you couldn't tell the two apart in 1860 one year after Darwin published his controversial theory an extraordinary find was made in a limestone quarry in southern chairman a single beautifully preserved feather dating back 150 million years to the late jurassic then from the same quarry kale is astounding fossil the rarest of all creatures a burned called Archaeopteryx meaning ancient wing it looked like a reptile but on its wings were feathers Archaeopteryx appeared during the juris a hundred and fifty million years ago the world's oldest known bird that weighed three pounds and had a wingspan of two feet about the size of a crow if Archaeopteryx was a bird that looked like a reptile another creature found in the same quarry was a reptile that looked like a bird Compsognathus was a small meat-eating dinosaur no bigger than a chicken but side by side with Archaeopteryx and their skeletons look remarkably similar both have long slender necks a long bony reptilian tail delicate hind limbs and feet a reversed first toe and small skulls with sharp serrated teeth the resemblance convinced Huxley that Archaeopteryx was Darwin's missing even in death Archaeopteryx looks as if it's taken flight seemingly half dinosaur and half bird it has been called a fossil caught in the act of evolution 30 million years later in las hoyas Spain Nature was experimenting with a dinosaur that could be another missing link this hot dusty plane was once an island off the coast of Europe the climate was subtropical and the vegetation lush lizards salamanders and frogs sought shelter beneath ferns and the first flowering plants while giant sauropods and iguanodons raised in the trees but another more bizarre creature called Pelican - was lurking near the shore Jose Suns leads a team that's been looking for it in a limestone quarry near las hoyas today he's found its arm it could be the one missing piece he's been searching for back at his laboratory at the University of Madrid he reunites the arm with the rest of the body Sanz calls it Pelican Oh - because of the pouch under its beak Pelikan of mine has lived a hundred and fifteen million years ago during the Cretaceous a two-legged meat-eater it was seven feet long two and a half feet tall and weighed 65 pounds it showed a remarkable resemblance to a modern Falcon but what's intriguing are its teeth Pelican omaima's had 220 so tightly packed together there's barely a space between them the result was a fine cutting edge similar to the beak of a modern bird the pouch is a puzzle an inflatable membrane it was probably used for fishing but it could have been used for sexual display if birds evolved from dinosaurs one of the great mysteries was how they learn to fly was it from the ground up or the trees down no one knows for certain but soaring overhead at La Hoya's was a tiny creature called AO Alou la vez its skeleton discovered in 1994 revealed a tantalizing clue to the origin on its wing was a tiny bone bearing a small tuft of feathers called an alula or bastard wing and alula allows bird to increase the angle on its way so it can slow down and land the bone had its origin in a dinosaur when its arm was evolving into a wing the equivalent of its thumb grew feathers creating the Illuma the discovery of Yalu lavas would prove a vital link in the chain of evolution from dinosaurs to modern Birds the discoveries in Europe have actually shown dinosaurs to be in many ways more bird-like than reptile like so the finds from Europe have helped us in terms of shaping our early views on dinosaurs and now they're being slaughtered in to the more bird-like view of dinosaur and evolution engulfed by time and distance Europe's dinosaurs would plot their own unique course of evolution but did they really take to the skies and how did their massive bodies function in a limestone bed and even the discovery of the century may finally resolve these age-old debate there's an old proverb si Naples and die but there's more to it than meets the eye Larkin in the background is Mount Vesuvius the harbinger of death volcanoes that shaped the earth when dinosaurs ruled wreak their havoc in our time the most famous remains in Europe may be those of the ancient Romans who died in Pompeii during an eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD the greatest natural disaster of Roman times but a spectacular new find north of Naples would take the scientific world by storm 113 million years ago another tragedy was about to unfold a baby dinosaur greets the world but flash it's brief encounter with life is over when the baby died almost all of Italy was submerged under the sea chalice and the climate was a tropical summer all year round the dinosaur fell into a lagoon and was quickly buried oxygen levels were low halting the growth of bacteria which eats away soft tissue and very lei for over a hundred million years today the ancient lagoon has been preserved in the Peoria limestone bends just north of Naples a magnet for fossil hunters Pietro Roya is famous for its beautifully preserved fish but in 1980 Giovanni Tedesco and his wife Giovanna stumbled on something different while chipping away at the rock Giovanni uncovered a fossil he'd never seen before Bhuvana you brushing away the dirt revealed the outline of a tiny animal only 9 inches long but it wasn't a fish first they thought it was a bird then they saw the film Jurassic Park and thought looked like a velociraptor paleontologist marco senior a of bristol university confirmed it was a dinosaur the first ever found in deadly they named it chippy onyx after a ruthless Roman soldier famous for defeating Hannibal a two-legged flesh eater chippy onyx had long arms and legs and a snout full of razor-sharp teeth fully grown it would have stood up to 6 feet tall and probably hunted in packs today the site is fenced on like Fort Knox but shippi onyx is more than a national treasure for paleontologists it may be the most important discovery of the 20th century turned out to be a very important discovery of the soft parts of a dinosaur unique in all the world these mountains have witnessed some of the greatest upheavals in human civilization but it's a fossil that predates humans which will guarantee the area's place in history okay today the find is more than a first it's hoped that shippi onyx will finally solve a mystery that has puzzled scientists for over a century we're dinosaurs sluggish cold-blooded creatures like modern reptiles or vigorous warm-blooded animals like mammals and birds Saturday we Denisova hominin is in doing this you know pasta that I saw they also did the image of a dinosaur is big slow and ponderous but some were swift agile and ready to pounce on a moment's notice suggesting their metabolism was high did they have the mechanism to produce energy without internal organs there was no way to know then came the discovery of shippi onyx it's internal organs are so well preserved even its intestines are visible the red stain is the liver indicating its size and position it is only shipping onyx among all the dinosaur fossils that have ever been found that shows us the kind of detail that we need in terms of its capacity to be active lightly on blood of animals we have two important features which may shed light into the darkness of breathing in dinosaurs first it's the diaphragm which is very developed and second is the very big liver which were used as in crocodiles as a pump by helping the lungs in intake and outtake of alien warm-blooded animals like birds have large hearts and lungs to pump oxygen into their blood but how dinosaurs breathed scientists could only guess the position of ship yonyx is : along its backbone and its liver are more like those of a reptile than a bird but they also suggest shippi onyx had a unique super efficient system of powering itself seen here under ultraviolet light its gut is short and deep which means its intestines absorbed energy from food quickly it's liver is exceptionally large and pressing against the diaphragm it acts like a powerful second pump both things coupled the diaphragm at the light deliver seem to have given it like a turbo boost when he was in activity was may be called bloated it was slow but when he was activated in example during a hunt he could use his breathing more appropriately he could use every bit of energy head so he could be a very efficient country it's tremendously significant first of all it tells us that meat-eating dinosaurs were in many regards Satan physiologically unlike any group of living vertebrates but it also might help explain why meat-eating dinosaurs were so enormous ly successful four hundred and fifty million years two centuries ago Europe unveiled a wondrous creature no one could ever have dreamed existed the discovery shook the civilized world and launched mankind on a remarkable journey back in time to when dinosaurs ruled here

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Length: 52min 5sec (3125 seconds)

Published: Tue Mar 24 2015