Hello welcome to the Agro Tecnologia tropical.com's channel, today we are going to watch the second video of
fertilization course in fruit trees you are welcome.
In the first video we made a introduction on we did a review
of the different points that will be treated in this course
now we have to deal with the point about when fertilizing crops, for
decide when to fertilize the first important aspect that we should
consider is the phenology of the crop this sounds a
word really a bit complicated but basically it refers to the state of
fruit tree development the fruit plants go through several
phenological stages the first stage is the juvenile phase that
is when the plant is growing in a young plant,
another phenological phase in the adult phase which is when the plant comes of age
reproductive is to say that it starts to produce fruits
and finally we could say that there is senile phase that is when the plant
she is old and she really is every time reducing the amount
of production that makes in time also throughout the year
the plant has several stadiums phenological in the case of fruit trees
a phenological phase is when issuing new sheets and that is in
vegetative development at this moment the tree is dedicated to
produce new leaves, then we have the flowering phase in
this phenological phase or as its name what indicates the plant is emitting flowers,
then we have the phase of the fructification, in the phase of
fruiting the plant is emitting or is filling the fruits or is it
are producing the fruits already occurred flowering and it is expected that the
fruits finally there is the vegetative resting phase
here the harvest has passed and the plant is as well as standby
waiting for the phase to occur again vegetative, the flowering phase, the phase
of fruiting and again the harvest that in is not a phenological phase, but is a
determined point and then comes again again the vegetative rest phase.
At that time the plant does not emit leaf it's like quiet , that can be
associated with different conditions climatic:
for example the vegetative rest phase coincides in temperate zones with
winter phase when there is winter and very cold the plant is on standby
this stop, in fact for example the peaches have lost all their leaves
The apples the plant is as well as waiting for the
spring, the beginning of spring
generates the vegetative phase ,
in the case of the peach first comes the bloom and then the development comes
vegetative, because the plant flowered and then produces the leaves in a
in a very close time but that's the order in the case of peach. If
of the lemon tree the new leaves and immediately after the
flowering. In the case of mango, which we have behind
from me at this moment this the plant is now at
vegetative rest is not emitting leaves comes a flowering, it keeps that
bloom for a while and then comes the vegetative phase
the reproductive phase is usually associated with the onset of rainfall in
tropical zones in the case of the area it is tempered
associated with spring in many of those cases flowering and
fruiting come together in the case of mango is different flowers plant
in the middle of the dry season In fact, water stress is one of the
things that induces flowering in the mango,
just like in the avocado, then then the filling phase of
fruits of course follows immediately after flowering, which has if
you want two its phases one when the fruits are growing or three little to
little that grow very slowly there is occurring the fruit set and
any nutritional alteration can produce fruit fall, then when
the fruits have set and are growing slowly, then we could
mention another phase where the fruit is growing at an accelerated rate and
then there is another phase where the fruit slows down its growth rate
and is ready to ripen. Each of these stages in the
fructification of the avocado fruit trees in general will determine the
fertilization strategy then that is with respect to the
phenology then we have mentioned a lot of reference
to the climate we already talk about the four seasons in the zones
tempered and we talk about the zones tropical we could say that there are two
seasons in the dry season and the rainy season there are plants whose
Flowering occurs when there is stress water, as in the case of avocado and
mango and there are others that induces the flowering with the drought as the case of
citrus fruits but flowering properly said happens when the
plant starts to rain or starts to see water availability, then the
behavior in the dry season is a thing and in the rainy season than another,
On the other hand, it is very important that We consider all fertilizers
that we use, they need water to dissolve and it's in an aqueous medium that
the root manages to absorb and go to foliage to make the rest of the plant
to do their nutritional work, therefore in the dry season should
restrict the use of fertilizers and they must be applied at the time of
rain different things and available watering that is another or the next point
we were going to consider: what is the type of irrigation system that we have.
If irrigation is available we we could theoretically fertilize what
throughout the year, if we do not have irrigation,
in the dry season the fertilization is contraindicated , just like it is
contraindicated fertilize in winter and that as the leaves do not have the plants and
be naked or in generally in vegetative rest is very little
fertilizer that absorbs the plant in those phenological phases that are
associated with those climatic conditions then in winter it is little
recommendable to fertilize crops.
The type of irrigation also influences why if we have sprinkler irrigation in a
dynamic work micro jet and if We have drip irrigation or irrigation
groove the dynamics is different, even is different from the type of fertilization if
we use solid fertilizers or if we use the technique of
fertirrigation, which should have a another chapter due to the complexities
that occur in fertigation, the fertigation for those who do not know
is the mixture of water and fertilizer Same time.
Then another aspect that you have to consider is the dynamics of
nutrients in the soil we are going to make a chapter
dealing with the subject of fertilizers and the nutrients, however for example
there are very mobile nutrients in the soil like the nitrogen that can be
volatilize or you can go to the layers deep to pollute the waters
underground and we have other nutrients like phosphorus that is very little mobile in
the soil or even like calcium then the dynamics of these nutrients
do or allow your strategy to fertilization be different.
So well we had already mentioned about the type of fertilizer: if they are
water-soluble fertilizers, if they are slow release fertilizers, which are
the special fertilizers that they are producing which come with
a waxy or slightly permeable cover water, which degrades with the
time and going allowing the fertilizer will be available
little by little for the plants, this is convenient because in that way the
plant will be receiving the fertilizer little by little and its degree of
pollution will be lower finally we have the fertilizers
organic it could be the chicken manure, the pig
even composted fertilizers how could this be
organic fertilizer that has been behaved and matured. The humus
of worm could also be another type of fertilizer which have
different dynamics in their use. Let's talk about some cases then
punctual to illustrate a little this topic:
in the case of The avocado here is this
avocado plant does not have irrigation then that means that we
we will fertilize only at the time of rain,
we have a crop in soil that has some clayey loam soils the ground
clay loam retains nutrients by so many of the nutrients that
apply we will be absorbed on the ground, in a place called
cation exchange capacity and there the nutrients are going to be liberating
progressively for plants this means that in the case of this
avocado plant we can apply the fertilizer at the beginning of
the rains we can make another fertilization to the
end of the rainy period but always within the rainy period so that the
plant have capacity first since the rain
dissolves the fertilizer that the fertilizer go down on the ground towards
area where the roots are and that exists humidity so that the roots can
absorb that fertilizer and take it to the leaves or the rest of the plant for
to do their nutritional work there the one that has to be fractioned is the
nitrogen you can use a complete fertilizer
at the beginning of rain and then you can apply another nitrogenous fertilizer
later as it could be urea ammonium sulfate and towards the end of the
rainy season we could do another application of a NPK fertilizer is in the case of mango, in the case of
peach during the winter we would not do any
application if we were in the presence of acid soils we could do some
application of lime so you leave adjusting the ph in the winter
but the proper fertilization we will do it in spring
and then this one in the fruit filling phase,
we will do another fertilization with a potassium-rich fertilizer, like
that in the case of mango we we must make a fertilization rich in
potassium when they start the rain because they still
mango fruits have not been harvested for that they can finish
develop. Potassium we will see in the
part concerning the fertilizers of the nutrients is a nutrient that helps
to the filling of fruits that they have excellent flavor and have high
Brix which are important quality parameters
when talking about nutrition of the fruit trees.
In the case of the lemon tree we could mention
the nitrogen after the phase of water stress that is produced for
induce flowering, we recommend you watch our video about
induction of lemon flowering, the urea applications together with the
first watering help to feed the plant in that vegetative development
vigorous that appear after this stress and when starting again the
watering and helps the flowering be much more copious,
then as we see it is not a recipe direct there are many aspects to go
taking into account now we have mentioned a little the factors when
we are dealing with the other aspects of fertilization we will go deeper
little more about each of these aspects but what we do want is that
of this video it is clear that each fruit, each climatic zone each
type of soil, and each fruit management strategy
has implications on when we have to do the fertilization and that is
fertilization can help us produce results at a given time that we
interest in the plantation, for example in the tropics we are interested in
there is a production of fruits towards zone towards the Holy Week that
implies that in the northern hemisphere Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico, El
Salvador, Guatemala interests us that there is a flowering towards the months
of months ago from November and December, October November and December; that
we could produce it with nitrogen fertilization,
applying urea in the rainy season towards the months of September and October
accompanied with pruning, then that would be special handling of fertilization
of the lemon tree to produce lemons in a time when the lemon acquires high
prices in the market. well
so as not to lengthen the subject much when fertilize,
hoping that with this information you receive and have the concern
to continue researching on this topic and waiting for the other videos where
we'll go a little deeper information given here at this time
So far what we have done is state the factors that affect
a few practical cases in this case of mango and peach and lemon
This concludes this video of the channel agro technology tropical.com
we invite you to continue watching other videos our channel and subscribe to it
as well as to be pending of this course of fertilization in fruit trees which
we are developing for you thank you
