CRISPR Talk with Jennifer Doudna | #BIS2020

hello again everyone and welcome back to our final Q&A session as Brett mentioned we are delighted and honored today to be joined by dr. Jennifer Doudna and I'd like to give you a quick snapshot and it's a snapshot of a much longer CV but dr. Donna is the lee kai-shing Chancellor's chair and a professor in the department's of chemistry and of molecular and cell biology at UC Berkeley her co discovery of CRISPR casts nine genetic engineering technology has revolutionized human and agricultural genomics research forever and we are honored we are honored to have you here with us today Jennifer so just just to get our bearings and a little bit of the background I know that in in all of our lives there are those serendipitous moments that we look back on and say wow if that didn't happen and that didn't happen and that didn't happen I wouldn't be here now I wouldn't be the co-discoverer of CRISPR cast nine and I'd like to know and this can be from you know decisions your parents made you made as a child or as an adult education what what are those serendipitous moments that that you reflect on from time to time well first of all hi Kathy it's real pleasure it's here and yeah I I think you know the serendipitous moments are really what make life interesting yeah you know maybe maybe some of our listeners have seen back to the future with the you know the scene in there about you know taking a trip back in time and changing one little thing that just changes everything in the future and I think you know it's it is fascinating to imagine how my experience and you know it would be different if little little things had happened there and I guess when I when I imagine that I have to say that you know one of the things that really made me who I am is my upbringing in Hawaii so I grew up in a small town rural kind of a world working-class town Hilo Hawaii it's not not one of the fancy tourist destinations but it's an extraordinary place with amazing people I had the good fortune to encounter some incredible teachers in my public school education there who encouraged my interest in science and of course my parents and especially my father I think you know somebody who really loved learning and an educator itself not a scientist but loved to think about and read about science and so his encouragement I ended up you know pursuing my dream of becoming a biochemist I didn't even really know quite what that was just something cool you know I really wanted to understand the fundamental chemistry of living systems in some capacity and you know I think when I when I think about what happened all the things that happened after that that eventually led me to CRISPR I have to say that I you know I truly met extraordinary people on my path who were incredibly passionate about what they did and I kind of shared that with them so from my college biochemistry professor to my my PhD advisor and then eventually to my meeting with emmanuel sharp NCA which you know is in some ways kind of a serendipitous event but led to our collaboration to work on CRISPR together yeah that's that's exciting and now at arc we've been studying CRISPR at gene editing gene therapies generally for a while now but I'd like I'd like to hear from you how you would describe CRISPR cast nine for those who who may not have that great knowledge of it the way I like to describe CRISPR is as as in a tool for editing the code of life and what does that actually mean well it's you know it's basically a way to make very targeted changes to the DNA in cells that allow scientists to manipulate genes not going one at a time but you know multiple genes at once and do things ranging from changing a single letter in the code of the DNA of a human cell to altering twenty or thirty genes in a plant cell that allow the plant to grow under drought conditions and be resistant to pests so those are just a couple of broad ranging examples of what can be done with CRISPR and it all came from a bacterial immune system which during the current pandemic it seems particularly fitting absolutely I was there at any time a Eureka moment or were you on the hunt and you knew you're on to something big when did you understand this was transformative and what was that moment I guess what I've always loved about science is that you don't know exactly where things are going or at least I never seem to you know I always try to pick projects and problems that I find interesting and that I think only in some way two very fundamental questions about biology such as you know why are we here and get here how did life get going in the first place and why does it look away it does and you know CRISPR is is no different in the sense that I started back in okay get a little feedback there can you hear me yes yes okay yeah I started working on it back in the mid 2000s when just a few scientists around the world had noticed evidence of a possible bacterial and new system in microbes that very interesting and to me he seemed likely to shed some light on the way that organisms evolved to avoid being destroyed by viruses and so he started to work on this and and then you know fast-forwarding a few years after my thing with Emmanuelle Charpentier was you know I still remember that meetings one of these extraordinary moments in your life when you have a feeling about someone and about something like a project that you know is almost like a premonition of what's to come because you know we met in at a meeting in Puerto Rico and we walked around old San Juan Puerto Rico this lovely cobblestone streets after lunch a lunch meeting that we had and it was just the two of us and we started talking about the possibility of working together to understand the molecular function of a particular protein called Cass 9 that is part of this bacterial immune system known as CRISPR and you know in that in that conversation which I still remember it was one of those times when I just had the sense that there was something really really interesting there and so you know we started to work on it together and within not very long after starting that collaboration it was quite clear to us that this project which started as a very fundamental scientific collaboration to understand something quite quite specific about the biology of this immune system was going in a very different direction because once we understood how this caste 9 protein functions it was clear that it could be harnessed for a very different purpose namely for triggering targeted changes in the DNA of cells and did you and and because of that I mean you're a scientist so the obvious conclusion I was WOW we could cure disease we could change the course of life here for someone Wow yeah no it was you know really I think just their kind of was really where with my my co-workers in the laboratory we saw the data that we were collecting for the function of this protein and looked at each other and said you know this is just extraordinary this is a protein that can be told where to go in a DNA sequence and programmed and that can be controlled by the scientist now because we understand how it works it's incredible so and as we are embarking on this adventure and I say that from an investor from a financial point of view because it has been an adventure to learn about this and and to invest in it it's it's really interesting how you know I'll go out there saying hey this has happened and it's just like you know its eyes glaze over or disbelief just disbelief because it's never happened before so that's what's so interesting but we are you know so there's there are different flavors of CRISPR that as an investor I'm learning we've got cast 9 we've got X and 10 and 12 and 13 and May there are lots of numbers can you explain the differences here and it seems like there's been some stabilization in the short term around cast nine that's where most of the work has been done can can you describe the differences and and and where you see this gummy is cast nine fleeting in terms of its benefits or it will it be used for certain things and then others for other diseases well as you mentioned Kathy there are a number of different proteins in these crispers immune systems and bacteria that all have a you know at least at a high level of a pretty similar ability to recognize a sequence of DNA and trigger a change in that sequence in cells and you know they have different numbers associated with them but cast line you know was the first of those to be investigated and you know again back to your very first question serendipity this is one of those Serendipity's you know that a manual sharpened ta is a medical microbiologist and she was studying a particular type of bacteria that infect humans it turned out that that that bacterium uses a version of the cast nine protein the first you know protein that we started to investigate together that even today remains the best for genome editing you know who woulda thunk it right it's just one of those you know serendipitous things you shouldn't shouldn't have been true but but is and so right now what's happening is that what I see in the field is that you know there's obviously been lots of interns expanding the pool up which is what a lot of these additional cast proteins do they provide additional ways that genomes can be manipulated and you know frankly depending on the particular use of the tools some of these you know can be can be you know can be great I mean they really help to expand the kinds of things that one can do with the CRISPR technology but that being said in general you know when the average lab reaches for a genome editor to do something in general you know they reach forecasts nine because it does does the job very well that's great so in in terms of the potential for CRISPR to change medicine we've done a lot of work on monogenic diseases and you are wondering if if you think that CRISPR could be approved as a therapeutic intervention to rid us of disease to actually cure disease and if so which kinds of diseases or are we talking about all kinds of diseases the world is turning out yes I absolutely think it will be approved as a way to correct disease-causing mutations and and in principle even to cure genetic diseases that in the past were untreatable and certainly not curable this is this is truly extraordinary and it's just an incredible moment in biomedical you know history and really the history of us as humans that we now have the ability to rewrite our own or own genetic code and this is quite quite remarkable to think about and then you know you know think about what diseases are likely to be the first to be treated in that way it'll almost certainly be the diseases that are where there's a very well-known single gene that causes the disorder and frankly where the cell type that is affected in that disease is something that's pretty easy to get at and for one of the one of the categories of diseases that you know sort of check both of those boxes are diseases of the blood quite an immune system we are one can imagine using a gene to think to correct a disease-causing mutation in cells that could be taken from a patient edited and then replaced so that you avoid the whole issue having to deliver into the body and make sure that the delivery is efficient etc that's really you know still very much on the kind of the bleeding edge of technology I would say so you know I think you probably meant maybe a number of the listeners here treatments for sickle cell disease that are going to be based on genome editing and in fact there's a woman named Victoria gray who has been in the news lately sickle cell disease has apparently been cured by genome editing it's quite quite extraordinary and she needs to be in good health and you know so far so far so good and it's been a number of months that she's since she received that treatment and and the thing to appreciate is that this is truly a cure in the sense that traditional therapeutics require chronic delivery you know you make somebody else to take a pill every day or have to go and get an injection every month or something like that and the idea was you know managing is fundamentally different in the sense that this is a one and done kind of treatment where the corrective mutation is introduced into the cells where it's needed and then the editor goes away and the cells are happy and you know the person is then disease-free so it's it's really a change not only in in the technology and kind of advance really fundamentally in the way we think about genetic diseases but it's also I think an extraordinary time when we're going to see a real change in healthcare and in pharmaceutical companies and insurance companies that will have to think about how do you price a technology like that how do you price a treatment that isn't going to be delivered over the course of somebody's life for many months but is in fact a one-shot thing nonetheless it has an extraordinary impact on their life just like a chronic treatment would be so anyway you know I think that's one of the many many you know very interesting aspects of this technology that you know remains to be figured out so we we are studying the convergence of sequencing and artificial intelligence and CRISPR gene editing you know we're seeing all kinds of platforms converge here but this is probably one of the most important set of convergences is it is it wild-eyed to be thinking that as as this convergence evolves and we get deeper and deeper into understanding what's going on that we could cure most diseases is that outrageous to think or I'm just ringing mean I realized not 50 is 15 20 may be a long time away but is it a crazy thought um well I would I would it's not a crazy thought but I would modify it a little bit just just to be to be clear so I think that if we start imagining what happens in the future in the coming years and decades I think it's not unreasonable to imagine that genome editing will allow diseases that are caused by a single gene to be corrected and and cured so that is is just you know it's kind of mind-blowing to think about it and and it really does allow a very clear path to be envisioned at least for personal medicine because this is really about fine-tuning and you can take this tool and you can literally program it to make the target change that that one wants and so that can be tailored to individuals based on their DNA sequence so that's where the DNA sequencing obviously comes in but you know that being said of course there are many many diseases and conditions that result from multiple genes that are you know are the way they are and and then of course lots of diseases like you know code nineteen comes to mind that are not caused by genetics necessarily but are caused by some external you know although it's possible that you know that one could use genome editing there to help boost up the immune system of affected individuals so you know I think that there's really a lots of opportunities but my guess is that initially the targets for genome editing and biomedicine will be focused on monogenic diseases because those are the ones where it's easiest to envision how this technology okay and before before we leave that we are going to get a number of milestones from different companies this year there are lots of tests out there human tests in the United States which is very exciting and from my point of view as an investor it's no news has been good news from from some of these that that's just my I might be wrong on that but how how should we interpret the data coming out of these trials and what endpoints I know you were very focused on safety first and foremost which you've you've commented on but what end points are you really eager to see I'm just you know I'm thrilled with how things are going so far as you say it's early days but it's great to see that so far these genome editing applications in humans have been safe that's absolutely key and we've seen that now from several trial announcements it's not just one and so and different indications including for cancer patients you know t-cell therapy so I think that you know that certainly bodes well you know and you know again we're still we're talking about small numbers of patients so far but as you said I can't think no news is good news right so that's that's that's certainly encouraging and then I think what's coming down the pike is that as you as you also said you know we're gonna start to see announcements about larger numbers of patients and as these trials move ahead into the actual efficacy stage you know things to that will start to really get a sense of how well these therapies are working and we'll see what happens you know I think I think that right now there's lots of excitement in the field lots of anticipation about the outcomes of these trials and my expectation is that assuming that you know we continue to see any progress as we have that those announcements if positive will really you know encourage a lot of other people to jump on the bandwagon and get involved because they will understand that you know the opportunities are just expanding so so quickly yeah and you you mentioned kovat 19 so moving on to you know if you know anti infectious agents and and and so forth and diagnostics how is Kovac 19 changed your life and the life of your you know researchers and how has how has your focus change because of Kovac 19 is there thing you can do I know you've been working on this too to really help alleviate this situation for the long run well I I'm a faculty member at the University of California Berkeley and one of the hats I wear there is I run an institute called the innovative genomics Institute that is a partnership between UC Berkeley which is a research university and UCSF which is a obviously fantastic Medical School and when the pandemic was coming into focus here in the US you know in the early part of this year we sat down at the innovative genomics Institute and asked ourselves what could we be doing it scientists to address this this global health emergency and the very first thing that I think everybody got on board with was we needed to be doing a lot more testing and so you know it's not directly related to genome editing we thought what we need to set up a testing lab and be able to run clinical tests to let people know if they're infected with this virus and so that happened in an extraordinarily short amount of time this would be I mean you have to appreciate we did this at UC Berkeley which does not have a medical school and so to do that instead of a clinically certified lab with all of the regulatory approvals at the local state and federal levels that are necessary was no small feat so I have to really my hat goes off to my team they're just incredible that people that got this done and now we are running literally thousands of tests around the the Bay Area we we work with healthcare partners that serve primarily the underserved we're very pleased to be able to do that so we offer free code the 19 testing for people that are in homeless shelters or encampments people that are uninsured folks that are first responders that are out you know keeping our power plants running around California for example so you know these are all people that I think really have done from the regular type of you know testing that we can offer to them and in fact at the same time that we were doing that we realized that to be ultimately really impactful on opening back up the California economy and improving our local campus environment we really need to transition that test to a simpler sampling method and so what we're doing now is saliva based testing so you may know that that's not the typical way that people get tested for coded 19 they have to go and get a nasal swab or sometimes an oral swab and they have to do it in doctor's office we have now instantiated a saliva based test that we're running as an experimental study and our first testing test collection kiosk opens on the Berkeley campus tomorrow we'll see how that goes we have a whole team that's been doing this and the timing is good because it coincides with the announcement from the UC Berkeley chancellor that our campus is reopening for research and in the fall we'll be opening up a reduced capacity for undergraduate education so my hope is that you know we continue to advance the the surveillance testing and providing that as a service but on the research side you know back to and back to Chris Berg one of the things that as I mentioned early in this conversation no CRISPR is an immune system it's a way that bacteria find and destroy viruses so we thought gee wouldn't it be great if you could use CRISPR as a way to tell us if there is a virus in the sample and so this is a project that started years ago actually but you know has been now adopted by a number of companies and many academic labs that are working on CRISPR Diagnostics and so we have also a pretty large team at the innovative genomics Institute doing this work and it includes scientists on both sides of the San Francisco Bay we have people with the Gladstone Institute working on it and people are Berkeley and UCSF and and then we've got a number of corporate partners as well so my hope is that that will lead to point-of-care potentially even an at-home test it will be very fast for detection of the virus that will allow people to test themselves and ensure Public Safety through just very frequent testing thank you as an investor my another crazy question would it be crazy to think that we could eradicate viruses long-term well if you let me speculate for a moment one of the things that we talk about mostly when it's you know either late at night and you're you know you might be having a glass of something or you know you know when you're sort of speculating and fantasizing about the future is we think about the the possibility of what I call genetic vaccination imagine that it was possible to program immune cells in an individual so that they were very effective at fighting off diseases that that person might be otherwise susceptible to and I I don't think it's a totally crazy idea because I mean let's take covin 19 there's already a lot of interesting evidence out there that certain people types of people are more susceptible to this virus than others and we don't really understand the reasons for that there's a lot of you know speculation and not a lot of data quite yet it's quite early still but you can envision that some of that at least may be genetically based some of it may have to do with the way that some people's immune systems respond of the virus or even over react to the virus and so if that could be understood genetically it's possible that you know that could be also controlled genetically with a tool like CRISPR so I'm I'm I'm fascinated by it by that that idea and yeah and just to be clear I'm not saying that's coming next year but you know I do think that's the kind of thing that over the next five 10 15 20 years we're gonna see very steady progress in that direction it's great and then just quickly back to cancer you mentioned I know that there a lot of blood cancers do you think CRISPR could apply to potentially I know long-term want to be careful in saying that to solid tumors as well is there any reason it couldn't be I think that's that's a very exciting direction in the future for CRISPR I have to say because as you as you alluded to one of the challenges in the field of gene cell therapies for per cancer so the cancer immunotherapy is is exactly this challenge of how do we deal with solid tumors they typically don't have the kind of exposure to the immune system that would allow a robust immune response to develop although there are very interesting sporadic cases of people with solid tumors where they do have a spontaneous you know recovery and it that's been pinned on you know a chance thing that happens with their immune system that allows them to collect that and destroy that tumor so we know it's in principle possible it's just how do we make it possible for everybody to have that kind of reaction to cancer and so I am quite excited about this I think that there's still a lot of fundamental research to be done to understand the types of changes that would be needed an immune cells to achieve that kind of an outcome with solid tumors but you know having a tool like CRISPR is certainly an enabling step in that direction and I think that's something that we'll see real progress in are in the coming years and then on to germline I know that in in your book and so plug for your book here a crack in creation gene editing and the unthinkable power to control evolution I don't think it needs a plug but you did say that someone said someday we may consider it unethical and I know ethical is a big consideration for you may consider it unethical not to use journal line editing to alleviate human suffering so just wanted to to know what you think about germline editing now and its potential versus the ethical considerations and I'll just add here many times I get questions as an investor about this topic and and some some people want to rule out investing in the gene editing companies because of the ethical considerations and if you know we point out how strongly the focus is on that you know in order to allow the science to continue to move forward so so any thoughts on that yeah that is a very critical point I think you know you that you just made which is basically that I think that you know the vast majority of people working in this field or with this technology are 100% committed to seeing it used in a responsible fashion and ensuring that part of the motivation for that of course is as you said to protect the ability of the technology to have impacts in you know in people's lives that will be beneficial that being said you know anytime there's a new technology and it has extraordinary capabilities as CRISPR does there are some people that think that it would be interesting to do anything that's possible with that technology and that includes in the case of genome editing making changes to the germline human germline which means alterations that affect the DNA in an entire individual so rather than just you know treating blood cells in someone affected with sickle cell disease germline editing is fundamentally different in the sense that it means changing DNA and sperm or eggs or embryos such that the resulting person if they were to be you know actually born from from those those cells would have those changes in every cell and would be able to pass them on to their kids and their future generations so that's the difference with germline I think and as you said you know the companies that I'm aware that are working in genome editing whether they're in essentially any any field any aspect of using genome editing in humans are universally opposed to this they don't want to focus on that that type of editing and in fact they want to ensure that that that type of editing doesn't happen right now because it it just you know will distract from the real uses where it's going to have an impact in the immediate future in genetic disease but again you know there's always the question of well what happens in the future and I think right now there's seen a lot lots of things have happened in in the field with respect to discussions around human germline editing CRISPR babies that were actually born in China just over a year ago that had received CRISPR in his changes to their DNA with the stated purpose of protecting them from future HIV infection and all of this sort of you know concerns around that and I think that what I see right now is that I think that you know the one of the outcomes of that that whole CRISPR baby debacle frankly is that it was really a wake-up call to the global scientific community that you know we can't ignore this we can't not you know if you're if you're working in this area you cannot sort of not be involved it really really requires the global community to step up and say this is not okay it's not the time to be using it in that fashion and but I think also importantly not to bury our heads in the sand about it but to say look this is actually a potential application of the editing that in the future if it were shown to be safe and we knew enough about human genetics so those are two big X but if we did you could imagine that it could become a way to prevent genetic disease in an individual and do so in a way that would remove a disease-causing mutation from a whole family so for families that are affected by things like Huntington's these cystic fibrosis there's a number of other obviously examples of diseases that are you know caused by a single gene that runs in families and I've been being able to offer people a safe way to take that out of their you know their genealogy it might might be quite a become quite attractive but I think that's a clearly to me it still it quite a few years in the future right yes and now onto the business landscape intellectual property you know I have being invested in disruptive innovation pretty much all my life I've found two models here technology companies tend to be big on cross-licensing you know there's a lot to do let's get on with it and and you know let health care companies is a different culture I would say do you think that we're moving into a kind of a cross-licensing world or are just a few companies going to have the the patents and and we'll enjoy the royalties and and as this any is the reason you founded five companies associated with this at all the panel landscape around CRISPR is complex don't we say yeah we probably won't become non-complex for quite a while that being said again that's no different from lots of lots of industries where there's complexity around technology so the good news is that that has not stopped companies from getting founded and from moving ahead with the science the thing Neal is compelling for particular applications my reason for founding five companies is actually that there is so many different uses of crispers that you know you couldn't imagine one one company doing the ball or even it's probably gonna take 100 or more but you know I think that the my excitement about the technology really extends beyond by our medical applications to agriculture and to what we call synthetic biology being able to manipulate biological systems to do things like make green chemicals and you know make industrial products so you know those are those are all uses of CRISPR that that I think are you know kind of help indicate how just how broad based technology this really is I think that you know with regard to getting access to the intellectual property that means all of the companies in the space are going to be utilizing one you know the investors have had different approaches as you probably know some investors are very conservative and they say you know unless a company has access has you know licensed the foundational intellectual property however you wanted to find that you know we're not going to invest other investors have said we'll figure out later that's too important this is too important area we need to just get going and it'll take you know years to sort all that out and by that by that point we'll have products and once we do go back and figure out who has the appropriate licenses and and get FTO that way so I think both approaches are you know I mean they are what they are right and I think from a perspective of a scientist certainly I'm just delighted that the science is moving forward the way it is because I really want to see this technology needs to solve real problems so so thank you for that I actually love that answer and you mentioned agricultural technology this actually or agriculture period this is a personal interest as well if I understand about you farm tomatoes and my right on that you are right about that so what what what kind of besides yeah I understand when you say being able to grow with less water you know in drought conditions and so forth you know one of the the bad experiences investors have had are with GMOs and you know genetically modified organisms and you know the Monsanto now bear kind of lawsuits and everything this tech can you describe why that is not going to happen here um well I'm not sure it's not going to happen here I guess it's how what I would first say I think I hope it won't happen here and that's certainly a motivation of my own is to provide enough we hope information through you know this sort sort of venue and and others like the book and everything that folks can actually you know Frank frankenfoods and that's right thing but if it does I think it would be a real chain because what CRISPR does in a nutshell is it provides a targeted way to alter DNA in plants that's different from how plant readers work and by the way it's as I'm sure you and maybe a number of listeners here are already aware all of our food is genetically modified tomatoes are a great example if you go look at what tomatoes look like before humans started messing around with their DNA well they didn't look anything like what we have today and so thank goodness there are players out there that you know did start selecting for traits that make them big brown red juicy and and so so imagine having the ability to make targeted changes in plants that don't introduce a lot of other mutations along the way which is how current plant breeding works and could happen a lot faster I think to me that's a good thing you know and I think that that there needs to just be a clear understanding of what this technology is is really doing and what it's not doing but that being said it's a big challenge and you know probably know that today you know even in different countries different parts of the world GMO is defined differently yeah whether whether or not CRISPR is GMO plants is also defined differently same technology but different definitions it's yes a challenge to be sure so very interested but you know as you say about or as you said that somebody said in your book it would be unethical not to pursue this path right yeah that the same could be true here I have just one more question and before I ask it I want to thank our genomics analysts Ali Ehrman and Simon Burnett for helping me formulate these questions couldn't have done it without them so the last one if you were an analyst in the healthcare space in the 90s 2000s 80s 90s mm so recombinant DNA and all of that what would you need to unlearn now in terms of understanding where healthcare is going and research medicine is going and what would you recommend really embracing now in terms of you know new learnings well I guess one thought is it's going faster than you think hinges coming faster than you think it will that's really true you know I I I can't tell you how amazed I have been with and again you know CRISPR is a great example of this but it's certainly not the only example you know CRISPR the first publication about how CRISPR could work and work as a genome editing technology was in the summer 2012 that's when Emmanuel and I published our paper and now fast-forwarding we're just about 8 years from from that point we've already seen people in clinical trials coming out of those trials with apparent cures to their genetic disease I mean this is this is its turn there and you know just think about the patient that how fast that's gone and and it continues to accelerate you know we've seen literally tens of thousands of publications in the scientific literature since that original work that is all papers that are utilizing Christopher just almost anything you can imagine doing with a genome editing tool and again that continues to accelerate it's just amazing how fast it's going so that's one thing that I would certainly say another is that I think increasingly what I see is that different technologies are integrated together so in the past going and thinking back you know it really was the cases very interesting because it actually was reflected in the way I used to run my research lab as well you know people were quite siloed different projects and each student or postdoc had their own thing they were doing no longer right now everybody in my lab almost without exception is working on a team the people and why is that well it's because instead of you know one sort of approach being taken to a problem we're taking five different approaches and wishing them together and as a result the project goes faster it goes better and we can do things that we couldn't have done in the past or we wouldn't be able to do without all of those different work streams that come together so I think that and I'm not alone I mean I think that's sort of emblematic of the way a lot of research programs are running now whether it's in academia or in companies and so I would I would encourage investors really to pay attention to those opportunities to integrate different technologies a big one that's coming down the pike it hasn't quite gelled yet but I think it will is is a are a you know sort of machine learning and EM genetics right I mean that's you know that's that's it's coming for sure it's an excitement there you're some height for sure but I think some of its not nice some of it is really going to be quite transformative so I would definitely pay attention to that yeah what you're saying something that I am saying in the financial world to that research departments are going to have to reorganize in order to understand and capitalize on these amazing exponential growth opportunities and have organized that way we have so Simon and Ali work with James Wang our AI analyst I mean they're talking the same language they're just coming up with different angles so it's really it's really fun and I think really important well Jennifer you and Emanuel are changing the world so thank you so much for giving us this time because the work you're doing is so important and I know that's where you would by and large prefer to be so we do thank you because I think our world needs to understand more because we want to allocate capital to his highest and best use and there couldn't be a better one than this one so thank you so much and thank you for your contribution to this world thanks so much for inviting me today Kathy it was great to talk to you okay great thank you so much okay and with that I'll hand it back to Tom stout for our closing remarks Wow wasn't that fantastic I hope you enjoyed that as much as I did that's going to conclude our canvas Big Ideas summit 2020 volume to video conference for today a big thank you again to Kathy wood Brett Winton Jackie resis and Jennifer Doudna for providing their time and expertise and a big THANK YOU to arks fantastic marketing team for putting this together and adapting to our new digital reality most importantly thank you to you for joining us today we hope the summit provided you with trusted insights from our research ecosystem during these uncertain times and as always we encourage you to provide your feedback to us at info at arc - invest calm as a quick reminder a recording of this video will be made available on arcs YouTube page and if you want more disruptive innovation insights we invite you to visit WWF - and best calm where we post our original research on disruptive innovation or check us out on Twitter at our can best stay safe and well and on behalf of everybody at arc we look forward to seeing you next time have a great rest of your day [Music] [Music]

Channel: ARK Invest

Views: 243,208

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Keywords: CRISPR, Genomics, genetics, investing, invest, investment, innovation, market, biotech, biology, technology, Jennifer Doudna, Cathie Wood, Ark Invest, Bis2020, medicine, Nobel Prize, Chemistry

Id: dy4hfJR55W4

Length: 49min 20sec (2960 seconds)

Published: Fri Jun 26 2020

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