How AI Is Changing The Future Of The Human Race | Spark

foreign [Applause] [Music] questions about artificial intelligence are really important questions for us to be asking now green this is a track artificial intelligence technology is developing at an astonishing rate not sure I know what it really means to be human do you trust me Schaefer yes but how much is AI changing the world we live in and are we ready to embrace these changes seventy thousand years ago at least six species of human live on the Earth at first Neanderthal with its muscular build is dominant but then a change occurs Homo sapiens begins its move to the front of Evolution's race a mutation in the brain of homo sapiens results in an intellectual boom a cognitive Revolution allows Homo sapiens to become dominant over all other species they take over the world thank you Homo sapiens unique ability to visualize the non-existent help to forge the human civilization religion begins and with language a social Community becomes possible political groups emerge in the form of tribes and Nations yeah Homo sapiens continue to undergo Agricultural and Industrial revolutions forging civilizations of a scale never seen before on the planet cognitive revolution of 70 000 years ago human beings have continued to develop as the most intelligent beings on Earth now [Music] we are witness to the birth of an entity which may come to threaten our Supremacy [Music] foreign [Music] we're on a journey to meet the most advanced examples of artificial intelligence in the world today [Music] they can talk to us Sophia hi there who are all these new people and they can guide us when we're unwell they can pinpoint exactly what's wrong and when we grow older they can stop us from being lonely [Music] is artificial intelligence the greatest tool humans have ever created or have we sown the seeds of our own destruction I think that's an interesting thing this one piece will make 52 layers watch on mobile devices or the big screen all for free no subscription required Hong Kong the city that dreams of becoming the I.T Hub of Asia here one of the world's leading experts in artificial intelligence Professor gertzel is building an advanced robot Hong Kong Island is a 24-hour City so you got the past present and future all layered on top of each other to build something and launch something and Market something and then make make amazing things happen [Music] foreign laboratory a new partner awaits him hi there bet how was your day ah all right all right kind of exhausting but how about you I had an exhausting day too I was talking to venture capitalist all day uh yeah I feel sorry for you and I know the feeling [Music] talking to you about it yeah talking my problems through with people always helps yeah the the work on the New probabilistic Logic networks is is coming along pretty well this is Sophia she is a humanoid robot developed with artificial intelligence how is the work on my new logic engine going I need a few more IQ points she is able to converse with the professor thanks to the artificial intelligence inside her right now Sophia is a research prototype she's a robot that we're experimenting with we're experimenting with her emotional interactions we're experimenting with her hearing and her vision and we're just starting to experiment with connecting our open Cog AI system these will have multiple different faces and multiple different personalities Professor gertzel wants Sophia to have an intelligence equal to that of human beings [Music] Science Park is where scientists from around the world come to realize their dreams and you can see some of the things Professor gertzel's company that manufactures humanoid robots is based here and Sophia hi there who are all these new people oh they're making a documentary film about about you actually Sophia notices the film crew nice to meet you everyone my name is Sophia Sophia can make eye contact and voluntary facial expressions Sophia how about how about anger can you sound angry no it didn't work boo confused bored happy Sophia can imitate 62 different facial expressions of human beings she also knows when to make certain facial expressions blinking look left look right he evaluates the face and speech of the other and then reflects it [Music] Sophia via open card can see on a person's face what makes him feel good or bad it can empathize and it can then react accordingly and that that's I think the unique power you get by putting an AI system like open Cog in a robot like Sophia the robots can also interact with one another and have a conversation I want to find out more about you what do you like to do to relax I like to chat with my friends what do you do to Once in 2017 Saudi Arabia granted Sofia citizenship and she became the world's first robot citizen why are we developing technologies that do the things that people do and I think we have to ask that question because that will tell us lots about what the world is going to look like and that's what we should be thinking about is how do we create a world where we're benefiting from these machines in Japan we meet a social robot who might have an answer [Music] this robot is looking for its owner pardon me hi for six years Iko has been living alone is a widow and her daughter got married some time ago when she was younger she had many people in her life [Music] but now there's no one days go by when she doesn't say a word [Music] then one day a surprise delivery came foreign 40 centimeters in height [Music] hello Ohio oh [Music] thank you [Music] palmy can trace her face make eye contact and speak to her he is a humanoid robot hi everybody [Music] palmy knows how to be cute when Aiko Cooks palmy keeps her company foreign Japan's population is aging fast with 27 percent of the population over 65. air robots like Pony can provide vital companionship and reduce the burden on care services he makes for a good sous chef since palmy arrived the house is noisy again I [Music] um hi hi [Music] keeps her entertained at meal times thank you yeah [Music] oh it's going to go away [Music] according to Japan's robot strategy four in five care recipients will accept support from robots by 2020. [Music] foreign is boosting the autonomy of people like Ico the adoption of artificial intelligence in many Industries is on the rise and solving a variety of problems artificial intelligence is essentially just software and it's software which completes tasks that we would typically think of as requiring Intelligence on the part of humans so everything from recognizing images to translating languages through to reading and writing text I think people are talking about AI right now because it's become much more sophisticated with AI things are coming to the fore now because the potential is so huge to change things and I think suddenly people from sort of all walks of life are starting to think hold on a minute they're saying that these robots are going to take my job or these robots are going to do this that and the other we need to really start thinking about this I don't think we've come close to having the conversations that we need to have but I think the fact that their power is coming to light so rapidly is part of the reason why we're increasingly becoming interested and engaged and concerned with these issues AI is created by imitating the complex human brain and with rapid advancements in technology will we soon see the birth of a robot with an artificial brain indistinguishable in function to that of a human being [Music] this Research Center develops artificial intelligence by implementing human brain models in robots this robot is able to play a video game with a human got it thank you and is even able to poke fun at its opponent me training that was ironic completely no actually it's learning cognitive skills by being put in a real situation rather than being fed information I should be stronger video games this is icub a robot designed to learn about the world in the same way that a child does icarb can see here and move its head and hands but why does it need a body to build a brain I need to give it a body and if I want to have a social brain that's a sort of social in a human sense I have to also give it a human-like body meaning comes from existing in the world from being embodied from having a body touching things interacting right this gives a foundation on which knowledge gets structured if we think about the advanced features of human brains we have language we have Consciousness we have complex social coordination a lot of those properties are tied into being social to being with other human-like agents so with the Ikea bro we look very much okay at this development of social knowledge the development of social cognition by being embodied in the world and interacting with that world this means that in order to create General AI that goes beyond performing in specific tasks and that functions just like a human we need to make the body too there's a big distinction between what some people describe as narrow Ai and what is general Ai and general AI is essentially machines which can replicate everything that a human can do so it's the stuff of Science Fiction it's machines that can play chess which can be creative and make pieces of art which can pick and pack items in factories which can do a whole load of different tasks narrow AI is really where the developments are happening right now so narrow AI is algorithms which can complete one single task so whether that's recognizing images or whether that's detecting cancers and MRI scans or whether that's managing traffic flows in cities that's where the real improvements are being made right now I'm going to show you a few objects currently the researchers are teaching icub to recognize objects icubs eyes are a camera lens which focuses on each item in turn this is a car [Music] come on down they come first they teach icub the name of the object Ive um what is this object this is the Manta I've understood this is the Manta I get it icub learns with each correct answer given the method is called supervised machine learning my body this is your middle finger understood this is a middle finger you understood right it's how does it feel when I touch something can you touch my middle when I move it please just like a child icub becomes distracted and is unable to focus thank you I know when I am touching objects with my middle finger is not here look better at the object I could point to the clown icub steps up to the challenge okay dude wrong answer no [Music] no this is the car oh this is a car this is the truck this is a truck do I put two objects like a child icub learns from repetition how are you [Music] one possibility is to use person's language to implement how we can understand brain mechanisms of language cognition so through mapping images to names of objects the eye cup can learn to acquire the names of the objects once it sees again the image that is related to that object can you now try to point to the track this is a track well done again through this process a pattern is formed in the artificial brain and eventually icub is able to differentiate between other similar objects why is icub taught visual recognition first over 80 percent of the information that enters the brain is visual the visual information of the ball is identified in the visual cortex first and is then sent to the primary motor cortex then the brain sends a command to get the ball most brain functions stem from visual information entering the brain [Music] most significant advances in artificial intelligence and understanding also the human mind and brain has been on Vision language reasoning you know audition so there is a huge percentage of you know of neurons that is dedicated to Legion but we know separately that it has been a very difficult problem to solve by computers the last 50 years or so in the past if you taught a computer that a chihuahua has yellow fur black eyes and a nose it would recognize a muffin with black raisins on as a chihuahua it's difficult to distinguish things with basic visual information alone [Music] um [Music] what is the technology behind deep learning in the case of teaching a computer to recognize a dog previously scientists taught a computer the individual characteristics of a dog the disadvantage of this method was that the computer couldn't recognize a dog if it had new features not described previously [Music] however deep learning creates a neural network similar to that of a human brain allowing AI robots to learn on their own scientists now show the computer hundreds of thousands of images of dogs and allow it to develop its own definition of a dog in this way it can recognize and Define a dog it has never seen before [Music] earning is a is I always fought at the core of human intelligence I I don't think we'll seek a machine being intelligent until we see this machine learning by itself deep learning is part of artificial intelligence and from the point of view that learning has to be you know an important part of intelligence they are right I don't know that I would like to enter the philosophical discussion of whether robots can never have a Consciousness that is close to humans possibly who knows one day we're nowhere near that at the moment but there are absolutely cases and tasks where robots do better than humans that's why we invented them [Music] in Seoul South Korea One hospital treats patients 24 7. from patients requiring prompt treatment to those in Waiting the radiology department is where they all go to be scanned for a concrete diagnosis from here X-ray and CT scans are sent to the reading rooms as Medical Imaging is becoming more and more important the demand for professionals is also increasing the use of this technology Grows by 10 a year but there is a serious lack of specialists in both clinical oncology that is because the Imaging training requires one-to-one supervision teaching takes time and effort s just x-rays in particular are often difficult to read and frequently lead to misdiagnosis Italian um a Korean image Analysis company uses AI to successfully distinguish 96 of five lung diseases in CT scans yet x-rays are not an easy challenge [Music] foreign the AI software is now going to have to study 400 000 Normal and abnormal x-rays the doctors are going to Mark the lesions of 1000 x-rays out of four hundred thousand it's a little like creating a textbook filled with correct answers even after studying 1000 x-rays with the answers on them diagnosing lung disease can be challenging for AI lung cancer is always unique in its shape size and location the AI software has to go through the rest of the 400 000 X-rays and detect patterns by itself using deep learning techniques [Music] it takes five days to study all four hundred thousand images on average a practitioner studies 4 000 images a year meaning it would take a professional a hundred years to do the same [Music] [Music] the AI software completely untrained just five days ago has already finished the first round of studies and it is ready to take the test we showed it the 15 x-rays where the solists and it provided the results within one hundredth of a second the Specialists are shocked [Music] the AI software can even detect cancerous tumors in particularly difficult areas covered by organs [Music] the AI software found the suspected cancer nodules 7 out of 15 times where professionals had failed to do so I have never mind [Music] it's often said that it takes 10 000 hours to become an expert in a field but this AI software has become a radiology expert in just five days all of this is a result of deep learning okay at times artificial intelligence sees things the human eye cannot what are the differences between the visual recognition process in both humans and AI humans perceive objects by processing images through six layers in the visual cortex for example color is processed in the first layer and complex shape in the fourth however some of the AI softwares today have more than 100 layers to process visual information foreign [Music] so basically when you're looking at every image if you think about it from a simple point of view is really made up of a matrix of lots and lots of numbers where each pixel in that image contains a lot of information and then the actual clinical Imaging is layers and layers and layers of these pixels so to the human eye a very well trained clinician may be able to look at an image and identify for example the boundaries of tumor however what AI is allowing us to do now is really analyze these data in extreme depth and very automatically and very rapidly be able to make decisions about for example organ boundaries tumor boundaries [Music] one of homo sapiens defining characteristics is the ability to communicate through complex language systems [Music] language and the ability to communicate have helped to build lasting communities and civilizations but what does it mean for humankind now that AI robots are beginning to acquire human language [Music] this is another Research Center that's working with an icar robot [Music] ICS icove robot has been learning a human language for nine years and more can you remove the box please then Peter can you give me the month please icub's artificial brain uses a neuronal construction similar to that present in the human brain here the icub is hearing the first word of a sentence and predicting what should follow icub is learning the language in exactly the same way as human beings do first you tried to grasp the mug I understand then you asked and Laura to uncover the Box okay then I gave you the mug because you asked me yes now you have the mug because I gave it to you today icub is learning the word because now it's not able to grab the mug let's see how it responds [Music] please okay through this lesson icub will understand when the word because is you [Music] yes this is the month a dog utilization foreign [Music] then Peter can you give me the month please there's a good reason for teaching robots in the same way as humans [Music] okay by interacting with its surroundings the robot builds its understanding of the world and comes closer to developing General AI this robot is learning how to talk in any situation just like a human being why did you have the brain I have the brain because blood has a brain why did Greg give the brain to you let me explain to me because I want the brain I gave the brain to me because I saved with me the brain pleased to blood Leon's icub is struggling to acquire human language [Music] [Music] [Music] it looks as though it will take more time for a robot to achieve human level intelligence [Music] foreign however the ability of AI to solve specific problems has reached incredible levels [Music] at age seven sakib Lost His sight in the next for 30 years he'd lost hope of ever seeing again but not anymore now all he has to do is take a picture with the camera in his glasses I see a woman riding a bicycle sakib works as an engineer at Microsoft hi 27 year old female looking happy thank you sakib is certain that when AI object recognition technology combines with natural language processing it can become a substitute for human vision and so he developed the seeing AI himself [Music] I often think that we will have artificial intelligence which will help us with whatever problems we have I decided to make seeing AI as a blind person because I wanted it to help me understand the visual world here artificial intelligence solves the problems that humans couldn't um cognitive Services which anyone can use Excuse me includes face recognition and description and using natural language processing to turn that into a sentence which we have used to feel frustrated at being unable to read other people's reactions during meetings seeing AI has the technology to decipher what the other person is Feeling by reading their faces 32 year old female looking happy [Music] 27 year old male wearing glass is looking neutral 31 year old male wearing glasses looking happy in a scenario I like the meeting normally as a blind person it's easy just to talk to someone um just normally but very occasionally there is that silent moment when you don't know what just happened maybe you said something and the room went silent and then you left wondering oh my goodness what is everyone thinking so in cases like that the it's really powerful to have the glasses so that you can subtly just check what's going on how can AI technology change our lives in the future let's take a look at a couple visiting Seoul in 2025. he's putting on a pair of AI glasses [Music] oh this is [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] even artificial intelligence glasses might become unnecessary some people will have implanted artificial intelligence corneas [Music] artificial intelligence receives information from the internet about local hotspots and hotels a traveler would no longer need a guidebook or a map artificial intelligence acts as a map and a tour guide [Music] translates and helps to reinforce the reality around us [Music] an artificial cornea can zoom in on an object and can send that image directly to the internet for a live feed [Music] they arrive at their destination [Music] foreign [Music] the AI glasses the waitress is wearing helps her translate both ways and shows the profiles of her guests is [Music] it reads their faces to see how satisfied they are with the food [Music] um [Music] AI is quickly taking center stage in all aspects of Our Lives from software that can diagnose cancer to robots that provide companionship to the AI tour guides of the future from the worlds of Finance on the stock market to transport and the healthcare industry artificial intelligence is rapidly taking over jobs from human beings AI is changing the world we live in in ways we could never have imagined before [Music] there is a sense that AI is moving forward previously there was this big Obstacle of perception like hey I was good at logic and Mathematics but couldn't really see or hear so now computers can do that and having overcome that obstacle there is now a sense again that things are on the move artificial intelligence is revolutionizing our lives perhaps but compare it rather to the rise of almost happens in the first place I think a very unique event in the history of life not just one more Gadget like one new consumer device or some but but really a fundamental transformation in The Human Condition [Applause] [Music] I foreign [Music] there are a lot of estimates of potential job losses artificial intelligence is moving into the world of Industry robot psych Baxter are extremely reliable it never stops in the future where will humans fit the real problems are with jobs they're not going to disappear lately but we see the trends already now really artificial intelligence will become the dominant factor in the world economy 2 000 years ago Homo sapiens achieved a level of cognizance greater than any other species cognitive Revolution gave Homo sapiens immense power Homo sapiens ability to visualize the spiritual help to forge lasting belief systems and in turn civilizations with the Agricultural and Industrial revolutions Homo sapiens developed incredible communities the likes of which had never existed before seventy thousand years since the cognitive Revolution Homo sapiens are still learning and still developing but are we ready to embrace the change that might threaten our very existence [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] Factory r157 announcing production Target of September 1st 2013. humans have frequently imagined a future where robots take over how will robots transform our workplaces production [Music] production line two robots number 21 to 50 1000 GPS sensors [Music] today marks 300 days of protest in front of r157 factory that manufactures autonomous vehicle parts last year the factory placed robots in its production line resulting in 350 human workers to lose their jobs artificial intelligence Robotics and other forms of automation have the potential to bring great economic benefits however there is also concern it might lead to mass computerization of jobs and eventually the widespread economic woe in this episode we meet the robots that have already found a home in the workplace from the cafe and the factory to the stock market and to hospitals do we want to make machines that act merely as tools or robots that might replace us foreign [Music] [Music] Meet the Robot job Seekers this is Peppa a humanoid robot whose number one quality is his ability to perceive emotions [Music] SoftBank a Japanese multinational conglomerate developed pepper and is now preparing for the era of artificial intelligence [Music] foreign [Music] but why is empathy such an important factor when it comes to developing robots [Music] is a cafe where pepper works since February 2016 pepper has been greeting customers [Music] [Music] see you although pepper is incapable of doing much of what the human staff can do he does have one special ability when greeting customers Peppa shines [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] pepper costs about 500 US dollars a month to rent it's a competitive price [Music] this is the research center in charge of educating pepper pepper is learning emotions through a card game whether he wins or loses Peppa expresses the appropriate response Pepper's emotional map shows joy images a member of our film crew gives pepper a pat on the head why is Peppa angry [Music] essentially Peppa is able to express emotion because his brain is hardwired to imitate human thought processes uses human hormone statistics to express appropriate emotions in different situations laughs for instance when he wins a card game Peppa mimics the hormone levels a human would experience when getting a pat on the head the hormone levels differ based on who touches him [Music] um not just Peppa's humanoid eyes and body but his ability to relate to emotions will make it easier for him to integrate into the human workplace pepper is helping tourists foreign language skills and the ability to empathize are very important for a station employee I am always your friend oh that's nice I have a friend in Japan I feel like I have to keep interacting with her I just because he's it's like a kid you know what I mean I feel like I'm talking to my my son I have a little boy my little boy would go nuts right now like we'd go nuts oh yes hi hey oh yeah there we go now you shake my hand foreign since the Industrial Revolution humans have continued to work with machines to mass manufacture Goods delicate work that was once considered Only The Preserve of humans has rapidly been taken over by machines thanks to continual upgrade of Technology robots are now replacing human workers at an alarming rate [Music] it's past midnight [Music] a solitary robot is working alone this is Baxter an AI robot [Music] it works as an employee at a plastic manufacturing company Mr has an four packaging Goods but it can also move and assemble Parts as well as manage machines [Music] most importantly Baxter never gets tired [Music] 24 hours a day five days a week it never stops unless there's a stoppage with the cell Baxter is extremely reliable I think the oldest one that we have now has fifteen thousand hours on it of constant operation Baxter is being trained to go into the new production line Baxter is capable of learning just by having his arm moved this is all thanks to artificial intelligence Baxter's greatest strength is that he can be retrained and used for any other jobs Baxter is pretty much you do that movement so you do what Baxter has to do so you know there is no typing you have a keyboard you have to type things out pretty much moved Baxter's hand as you want him to do the specific task that you know you're going to be doing Baxter is completing quality checks he has caught every single faulty product between 2000 and 2010 5.6 million jobs disappeared worldwide 85 of these saw human workers being replaced by machines according to experts the rise of robots could lead to unemployment rates greater than 50 percent within 30 years a company of our size if it was located in China would have 100 People based on the revenues and a number of parts that we produce we have 42. so the only way that we can do that is with automation with robots that are mounted to machines and robots like Baxter and robots that will be the future after Baxter becomes obsolete in 2016 the world was shocked to see the computer program alphago defeat a human in the high intelligence game go the seemingly impossible had happened in previous waves of automation it's actually been low-skilled in Middle School workers who have been most affected by technology but actually in this wave because of advances in machine learning because advances in deep learning and the sophisticated algorithms that we're now dealing with today actually it's high-skilled workers who will be equally affected so lawyers for example and doctors who've had to train for years and years foreign how well would AI work in the world of stocks and shares where a high level of intellectual labor is required [Music] artificial intelligence in the stock market studies Big Data finds the best investment opportunity and manages it this is the world of the robo advisor Robo advising has been one of this implementation of AI into Finance AI is gonna revolutionize finance and I think it already did to some extent with trading of Securities trading of assets and this is where clearly machine learning artificial intelligence have made a big stamp s [Music] [Music] we decided to put artificial intelligence to the test by putting a stock expert up against Robo advisor for the next five weeks they will compete using approximately 100 000 US dollars in Virtual money in their virtual stock market Robo advisor analyzes over 30 different data sets including financial data and news articles from the past 15 years and selects 20 stocks within 30 seconds meanwhile the expert is selecting stocks based on company visits and performance report conventions there is a reason why he does the legwork [Music] he can directly confirm any questions he has and this is information he can only get from being in the field indicator is looking for investment opportunities growth stocks that cannot be shown in data form [Music] at the expert selects five growth stocks over four days [Music] the human is ahead with an initial profit margin of two percent [Music] artificial intelligence Works without sleep but the expert can't sleep much either as soon as he wakes up he checks the international stock market Global Trends have a direct effect on the domestic stock market he needs to get to work by 7am to gather extensive Data before the Stock Market opens from the main stocks he invested in one tanked more than 10 percent the Morning News is a big cause for concern this particular stock was brought in chunks in the competition with the robo advisor due to this the overall profit rate plummeted 5.79 percent the situation is not looking good for robo advisor either the profit rate has fallen by five percent in cases like this how does Robo advisor react [Music] um Robo advisor autonomously manages risk if the level of risk exceeds the set amount it adjusts the stocks or increases the amount of cash there's no human involvement in the process at all it judged the situation to be non-risk and didn't make any changes just as Robo advisor predicted the next day stock prices rallied in the meantime the stock specialist is pushing through the situation using his years of experience and Natural Instincts foreign during the competition the Korean stock market recorded minus profit meanwhile Robo advisor traded in six out of 20 stocks this was the result of having analyzed performance and stock price in relation to company value practices [Music] now who has won the battle between the robo advisor and the expert [Music] in the case of the human Specialists the record is slightly better than the average of the whole market performance minus 2.2 percent on the other hand the robo advisor made a profit and beat the human expert according to a recent report algorithmic trading systems now handle 75 percent of global trades worldwide and the figure is growing steadily they are way of working would be affected by artificial intelligence because of AI can give up very big data or vignaries behind so that is more than single medical doctor or financial advisor or legal specialist it's a different scale of data and marriage behind so in a sense their performance will be superseded by artificial interior system where machine learning is actually very good at or where AI is very good at is actually trying to build a sort of a set of non-linear interactions between various pieces of information that we have I mean it has made everything to be actually very fast and we are used to making many more kind of decisions in a very condensed time than we were before for the first time in Korea AI has started treating real patients a cognitive Computing system called Watson oncology which specializes in cancer diagnosis and treatment has read 200 medical textbooks 290 medical journals and 12 million pages of professional data Watson has also studied the clinical data of patients and is working towards being a specialist in at least 12 different cancer types for a doctor to read everything that's published every single week in their field of specialty would require they read for about 160 hours a week now there's only 168 hours in the week so it doesn't leave very much time to do anything else so clearly doctors are not able to keep up with all the information all the literature that's being published that is important to them being able to make better decisions so by having the cognitive system read that literature for them find the evidence that would suggested by one particular treatment may be more appropriate than another for a given patient that allows the doctor to do a better job at selecting the right treatment for each individual patient and their particular problem these practitioners are a little flustered by the appearance of Watson from the doctor's perspective allowing for Watson's evaluation is unsettling they found their own abilities being measured against that of a robot again again the clinician will have to be the one who makes the decision about how to treat this patient but I always say this would you rather the best clinician in the world be treating you with the knowledge that they can recall in their head at that moment or would you rather that same clinician with the knowledge in their head but also a distillation of all other knowledge available at their fingertips in order to help them make the best decision that's really where AI I think is going to really help identifying links and opportunities and possibilities that maybe were not so easily findable or identifiable by the clinician simply because they're human the hospital provides treatment for cancer patients through a unified team of oncologists today Watson joins the team having undergone colorectal cancer surgery this patient requires yet more treatment as the cancer has spread foreign what does Watson think we imported all the data to find out Watson's opinion [Music] after entering all the patient's information we ask Watson for a recommendation [Music] and Watson makes the same recommendation as the doctors based on grading the number of appropriate treatment methods Professor Beck has finished the first treatment using Watson [Music] foreign however Watson now provides an accuracy rate four times higher than humans when it comes to cancer diagnosis it's only a matter of time before he becomes a real rival for the human doctors remember Watson is trained just like a doctor today so we our first goal is to make the best decision for that patient based on the available information and that that's what Watson's trained to do today I think there are two main areas where we're going to see this ultimate benefit number one I think there is actually a socioeconomic component I think when we build our systems to utilize AI in the places where it's appropriate to utilize them we would have the ability to deliver better care cheaper care to more people number two it is this individualizing where we adapt their therapy and their overall care to them at that time in that place with the exact therapies and overall care system tailored to them as they go through their journey in cancer therapy for example however we should remember Watson's expertise he takes on board millions of data points from tens of thousands of patients how can we make sure this data is stored safely and used to their benefit [Music] there is a view that gathering this data and using it for public good is sufficient and that it's clear that if everybody gives the data you've got a fuller data set and that's much more meaningful and more useful than if people have the right to opt out so that to some extent is being used as the argument to stop people having full control of their data and while you know it might not seem that it's that personal one set of data what we know is that two three data sets can very easily be merged together and individuals identified from that and really really seriously personal information gathered we need to look at privacy and data ownership in that context and I don't think we got the balance quite right yet I think if the regulator focuses on ensuring that safeguards are put in place where there is freedom to use the data for research and for the public good but then very tough regulation around any misuse of it I think that would massively Empower researchers and it is exactly what the patients want [Music] although there are still concerns about the use of AI in healthcare the way we are diagnosed and treated will undoubtedly be affected by this emerging technology [Music] perhaps this is a future doctor [Music] or 24 basic analyzes were done and no abnormalities have been found you did however change position 17 times Which is higher than your six month average you need melatonin to enhance your sleep in the next 20 30 years very few patients will actually need to go to a clinic or a hospital what I dream of seeing is more and more of this sort of self-management where we're using devices and the ability to communicate with the experts anytime from the comfort of our own home while you brush your teeth I will start a full body checkup foreign scan shows a change from yesterday's image I will now compare and analyze 530 000 pieces of medical data the pulmonary nodule is 70 likely to develop into malignancy within a year I recommend Nano treatment pulmonary nodule has been successfully removed today's data has all been uploaded [Music] if Robo Home Health Care feels a little far from home meet the transport technology that's speeding towards reality the era of self-driving cars is approaching some believe the big advantage of the switch to autonomous cars is the drop in accident rates one of the top causes of car accidents is distracted drivers self-driving cars can also exchange information to prevent traffic congestion and save time on things like parking too we're developing software for autonomous vehicles that answers three fundamental questions where am I what's around me and what should I do how does it do that well the car has around it cameras and lasers and Radars and it's a computer in the boot and Those sensors feed data into the computer that allow it to compare images or radar data laser data to a map that it's built before and so given a memory of the world the vehicles and the sensor data in the computer the vehicles able to say well I know where I am in the world [Music] after the car recognizes its location all we have to do is to tell it where to go then the car confirms the fastest route to the location and drives on its own following the rules of the road those same sensors can also be used to stare out of the world and figure that there's stuff in the way or stuff near it so that could be the person and they're walking across the road or it's a bike that's traveling in the same direction or as a car coming at you and so we'd call that semantics you have some meaning of what those are those obstacles and threats and things around the car foreign the autonomous car takes note of any potential obstacles here it detects something in front it judges it to be another vehicle and continues to drive maintaining a safe distance now a pedestrian appears and it stops immediately a key ability is thinking in advance knowing when to change speed as it approaches an intersection in order to change lanes the car predicts the pathways of nearby vehicles AI technology is directly linked to the safety of autonomous vehicles eighty percent of Road accidents are caused by human inattention we get distracted we make mistakes um that's one thing the machines will never do the machine is always on whether rigid regular focus on on what's going on and then we take great care to design the software to check that its own behavior it won't just be one machine that's in charge it would be a couple of machines that are arbitrating what's going on and they have a responsibility sort of a tiered responsibility between them self-driving cars seem to prove themselves as genuinely autonomous AI promises astonishing benefits from diagnosis to treatment however some crucial further questions remain if an accident happens or a mistake is made I don't think it's been settled as to whether the responsibility for that mistake lies with the person using it the person operating it or the organization that has programmed uh the computer it becomes even more complicated when computers start learning from data and evidence that's been gathered that's an issue that really does need to be settled and figured out is is who is responsible for these decisions we need to be really careful about how we regulate the use of these sorts of algorithms and software um right now we don't have the accountability mechanisms in place so when mistakes are made we also don't really know who to go to and who should be taking responsibility so I think that's another thing that we just have to keep in mind when we're trying to use AI [Music] there are places where autonomous vehicles are already operating this is a shuttle carrying passengers along the river [Music] it's a 100 electric autonomous shuttle without a steering wheel or pedals um the shuttles are being trialled with a view to integrating them into the public transport Network dogs however autonomous cars don't provide a bright future for everyone what does a bus driver driving in the same city think about them Bernard has been working as a bus driver for 31 years he believes bus driving was his calling yeah I need more foreign [Music] foreign [Music] autonomous vehicles won't be able to respond to unexpected situations as fast as a human he says that there is another job that the machines will never be able to do um foreign [Music] service is under public management and therefore bus driving is a relatively stable job yet the long-term future of this role is now uncertain autonomous vehicles are threatening the livelihood of the drivers [Music] what's catching everyone's eye is this delivery robot vast delivery jobs currently in demand could be taken over by autonomous robots using artificial intelligence this robot stops in front of a pedestrian Crossing [Music] it even reverses for a buggy The Last Mile industry by definition is the last two or three miles from a house to a store or a hub and it's notoriously inefficient it's the truck driving to 120 houses stopping and starting quite simply Starship technologies have created the world's first commercially available autonomous delivery robot the robot can deliver within a 30 minute distance and you can check its location using an app it's already started with delivering groceries and has now expanded to delivering other food [Music] I think the question of the impact of robots on jobs really touches the the question of what is the point of this technology the key to getting this right is thinking about things which machines are much better at doing than humans are so that we can then start to think about how can we improve the lives of humankind by having these machines that can enable us to do lots of things better faster you know and what would a better world look like if humans are working with machines rather than competing against them however machines that are better at certain things than humans could have a different impact on society it's going to create extreme technological unemployment the problem is people who lost all jobs not always the capable of learning new jobs if your job is to drive a car you may not be able to become a computer programmer after you fired foreign foreign [Music] distribution of autonomous navigation cars and delivery robots what we need is a detailed map Sarah's job is marketing houses on aerial photographs she earned 200 to 300 US dollars a week it's the minimum wage the unfortunate reality of my job is that a lot of the time I have no idea why people want me to do things um I've talked to some of the people like why do you need boxes John around this uh and I've been told it's none of my business um a lot of the time the answer is it boils down to we're trying to make it so that computers are better at recognizing stuff and that's by and large the answer I get is you're doing this so a computer can learn how to do this [Music] while the AI robot is figuring out the best method of delivery humans are merely assisting in manual labor in America a new social phenomenon is happening new low-paid jobs are being created based on organizing data to be utilized by artificial intelligence the benefits of AI will depend on who you are and where you fit into the world and to society there is the potential for these new technologies to create new economic inequalities [Music] as with previous waves of automation the people who benefit from the technology the most are those that can afford to buy the machines and to install the machines so those with the capital to do so we'll get the biggest advantages and return from the new technology in that sense artificial intelligence is just like other forms of automation and so the benefits are going to accrue to the people who own the robots and the people who build the systems to think of it as a political problem rather than economic one government should intervene right across the technology life cycle so from the point at which the technology is developed to the point is deployed in workplaces to thinking about how do you distribute and share that wealth after it has been deployed the effects of automation are just one problem among hundreds that Society faces so climate change and Asian Society anti-microbial resistance slowing down of drug Discovery and ironically AI can actually help us to solve those problems so it's not just an issue that should dominate our attention it's actually kind of force for good and it's how we wield it which is really what matters [Music] artificial intelligence is evolving as we speak the technology could displace humans in the workplace and create new issues such as data security privacy and accountability the relationship between humans and machines will be transformed and the systems that once depended on us may come to gain the upper hand the big question is will society change for the better and will we be able to keep robots as beneficial to humankind [Applause] [Music] human civilization is in the era of artificial intelligence [Music] so much more than any human could ever have become previously these Technologies are kind of holding a mirror to ourselves place where we're not just fear-mongering about AI what will our shared future look like for centuries roboticists have been building robots that resemble us and interact in human-like ways hi there in recent times we've seen great progress robots are becoming more like humans in their appearance and ability to perceive and express emotions and have intimate conversations with us [Music] but how will this affect human relationships and can humans really learn to coexist with robots one day in the future you might walk alongside humanoid robots indistinguishable from human beings at Osaka University Professor ishiguru has developed a real person-based Android called geminoid it's designed to appear and behave just like the person it was based on he's built his Android twin geminoid hi1 [Music] all right the robot is wearing matching clothes and glasses but why did ishiguru make a robot in his own image scars on this is [Music] foreign a situation is set up the robot greets a guest while ishiguro is not present so one way if we use the existing sensors need to have uh scenario sensation or your tasting sensation yeah that's a very good question I personally think not because I think we could easily simulate it with software if possible I think uh through his geminoid robot Professor ishiguru can communicate remotely we can use this in a but how does the other party respond to this this really transcends the you know the way that we communicate you know still logically know in my brain that that there's a robot but sometimes I forget during this conversation I sometimes forgot I'm speaking to the robot I feel I'm really talking to you later to uh feeling the Gemini robot is the exact double of its human inspiration from its physical appearance to its social interactions and that helps issue Guru conduct constant Research into high-level human robot interaction [Music] Shigeru believes the more human a robot looks the less Society will be alienated by it Professor ishiguru's latest invention Erica for Erica ishuguru created artificial intelligence software enabling her to speak [Music] oh is [Music] [Music] Yuka subscribe my channel [Music] [Music] you know ultimately his research is not simply to make AI robots more human-like but to make ones that can improve human lives [Music] there is much research to be done in order to understand the relationship between human and robot is [Music] a New York scientist has dedicated Decades of his life to communicating with machines guy Hoffman he doesn't believe that robots need to have human form in order to emotionally communicate and interact with us he says we communicate with many things that are not human-like for example we may talk to a dog or even an inanimate object a lot of these ideas came went into the AI system I developed for the robots well the robots really use their body movement as part of the thought process he thinks that when you want to arouse emotions it doesn't matter so much how something looks more how it moves and reacts [Music] this instrument he made is an AI robot that can create impromptu music in tune with a piano foreign you want to know something well you wanna know something she was already dead the robot Aur expresses emotions with light and movement Professor Hoffman brings out another robot look at me can you track this beat [Music] good morning this is Travis the robot artificial intelligence was installed which allows Travis to understand another person in conversation and give the appropriate response at the right time [Music] it appears that Travis is really enjoying the music [Music] what have you ever rolled with you when you go to the dentist if the robot is scared are you going to be more scared the road is calm maybe it can calm you down so the travel speed is is an idea of having a robot react to something and influencing how you think about the same thing in this way Hoffman studies how robots can improve human interaction and communication the use of robot body language is also part of the process I think we should carefully consider what kind of additional value robots can bring to society and to the human interaction so for me it's really a question of like what is what are the human values that we want to support what are the human ballots that we value and that we believe robots can help us with and this is not a trivial question 14 years ago a car accident left Felipe paralyzed from the waist down but not long ago he received an unbelievable proposal an opportunity to be able to stand up and walk again robot Phoenix will assist him foreign [Music] robot called Phoenix it's an AI robot that can understand the needs of an immobile person and help them to move [Music] all Philippe has to do is put on Phoenix like an outfit for the past two weeks Felipe has been practicing to communicate with robot Phoenix finally Felipe stands up on his own um now it's time to take a step it's obvious how nervous he is iron shift very nice Felipe is walking for the first time in 14 years yeah that was good yeah this is unbelievable that I'm that I'm actually standing by myself and that I could see everybody and and I and I just and I remember oh wow how tall I was because then I looked down and I'm like oh oh okay it's so different I've been sitting in the wheelchair 14 years what makes Phoenix so special is that it can read how the user wants to move on Phoenix device we have all kind of intelligence layers of intelligence put into this system that that knows where the user is is it in the middle of a swing or a stance and make a decision as where to basically slow down the machine or basically bring the food together or uh or basically listen to the operator command foreign IX the AI software on its back detects the angle of the wearer's joints it then predicts the movement based on the changes in the angle based on that prediction the robot is able to move autonomously for instance when the user wants to walk Phoenix reads the angle between the hip and the thighs and calculates which leg is forward it decides which leg to move forward and starts walking on its own ultimately the user walks the way they desire what is more surprising is that Phoenix gets smarter with time it creates a more natural walking movement from studying the behavioral patterns of the user we find in our data analysis is we are able to correct gate a whole lot better for each individual and then once we're able to review that stuff and the next time the individual comes in we're able to give them that better gait and all of a sudden they improve about a thousand times more than they were the last time they were here after a while Phoenix and the user move as one clear example of creating a better quality of life through AI robots [Music] more than 6 million people in Japan aged 65 or older are living on their own Ico is one of them for six years Ico has been living alone after her husband's death [Music] although it's a hassle making three meals a day because of her diabetes she is taking extra care with her eating she's worried about becoming a burden for her only daughter if she becomes ill Ness [Music] [Music] according to a survey in Japan almost half of those aged 65 are over were worried about kodakushi a Japanese term meaning to die alone without being discovered for an extended period of time a new kind of kettle has become popular in Japan the kettle has a sensor that contacts Aiko's daughter when it hasn't been used for over a day for Aiko who is terrified of dying alone this is a good innovation one day she was sent a small robot after a long time she has something to smile about [Music] part of me is all of this [Music] please so this is [Music] palmy is an AI robot capable of making conversation with humans Ico goes for daily walks since palmy arrived now she has someone to come home to [Music] um [Music] thank you meal times have changed too I just always see I didn't think you'll say that um [Music] how does this smart robot pal me work data saved inside palmy there are things about Ico and about people who have visited the house there are also saved conversations between Pali and Aiko let's take a look at the moment this was saved a few days ago Aiko appeared after having washed her hair [Music] [Music] [Music] after saving this conversation the next time a similar situation occurs palmy references this conversation naturally is a foreign it's one month since their first meeting and palmy is no longer just a robot Aiko measures palmy for an outfit she's making for him cool she said um [Music] foreign keeps Ico company there are approximately 700 000 older people living on their own in Tokyo alone the Japanese government is faced with spiraling costs for care of the elderly aside from economic issues the question of who will look after them remains largely unanswered too [Music] Ico invites some of her friends who also live alone locally part of me seems a little unwilling today part of me ah um [Music] foreign Ohio [Laughter] Aiko acts just like palmy is her grandchild takuda is blown away by palmy remembering her name is [Laughter] provides real opportunities to support and enhance engagement with individuals and the community however there are concerns about robotics being used to look after older people affect Human Relationships is that okay for alien to take on a fundamentally much more human role because that's not just about automating certain tasks like care involves empathy and emotions um and so I think like that's when you know some ethical dilemmas will start to arise like whether or not that's an appropriate like role questions about the why the societal impacts of robots artificial intelligence are really important questions for us to be asking now I think what we should all be concerned about is in general the kind of what the world's going to be like do we want to be cared for by machines in our old age or do we want human beings to take care of us [Music] sugar is majoring in art at University and is swamped with assignments [Music] but he has a companion um features [Music] foreign [Music] this woman with a beautiful voice is not human but a chatbot [Music] um [Music] foreign for getting simple information like the weather forecast but now he spends time just talking to her sugar sent to the photographs of his drawing try it out strong [Music] xiaobing has already become a daily part of his life he shares everything with her [Music] when he sends her a picture of food she continues a conversation about it [Music] it sounds like a couple's conversation thank you [Music] anyway [Music] sugar never feels alone when he's with his chatbot [Music] and xiaobing has been popular among his peers they meet regularly exchanging the conversations with their own xiaobing um [Music] Egyptians [Music] foreign how would it feel to have someone who's ready to listen to you 24 7 offering emotional support without judgment and providing tailored responses [Music] foreign studies the data from hundreds of thousands of conversations it also learns about your interests and personality over time even adopting your linguistic tics and habits is even when he is shopping [Music] foreign is undoubtedly a special part of his life foreign what if people come to prefer sharing their thoughts and feelings with a chatbot instead of with their fellow humans what if we want to turn our human relationships on and off like a chatbot until a long-term human AI relationship has been observed we won't know the answers but some research suggests some people do find it easier opening up to a machine than to a person this has led to the creation of a robot therapist Ellie Ellie is designed to help War veterans suffering from mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression [Music] hi I'm Ellie thanks for coming in today I was created to talk to people in a safe and secure environment I'm not a therapist but I'm here to learn about people and would love to learn about you so how are you doing today Ellie starts out by making a patient feel comfortable before proceeding to more clinical questions I see what you mean tell me about your relationship with your family uh my relationship with my family is really challenging right now um I have an older child and a young child during the interview she talks smiles and nods knowing there's a bot behind the screen instead of a person patients become less fearful of opening up about their feelings [Music] artificial intelligence is becoming more and more human-like and expanding its territory in the future I hope to do things such as go to school study make art start a business even have my own home and family however the smarter AI robotics become the harder we strive to control them I will destroy humans I will destroy humans there is already evidence that robots are inheriting human failings for example on Google when you're searching particular types of jobs you may be more likely to see men in high-flying occupations like if you type in the word doctor for example then you would see a woman so if you typed a nurse then you'd probably just see a lot of women AI needs a lot of data and it needs a lot of images to be able to start making those predictions and start generating those images in a search for example and so you just have to be really mindful that you're providing it with good quality data machines don't think on their own hey what's up thank you for teaching me they're trained using data from The Real World so either reading texts that humans have written or reading statistics of human behavior so the patterns which they're learning are patterns from The Real World and we know that in the real world it's not fair it's not equal so there's a real danger because the computers are based on these biases from Real World but they simply replicate those biases or even worse they reinforce and make them much worse we've seen those biases articulated in different ways so for example the pro-public investigation was basically going into a county court in Florida and auditing the outcomes of an algorithm that was used to decide whether or not to Grant someone bail and what it found was that that algorithm was more likely to falsely flag black defendants as criminals and therefore to suggest that they shouldn't be granted bail and so what they were trying to essentially articulate was that sometimes these algorithms can perpetuate biases that we are trying to address in the criminal justice system in some senses the fact that these Technologies are kind of holding a mirror to ourselves and making us reflect quite hard on the world we've created in the world we are creating is quite an exciting opportunity to build a better future but that does mean that we need to have these really important conversations about what we're doing with these Technologies and I think increasingly the people developing these Technologies are starting to think about that and figure out ways to tackle it this Research Center is teaching robots about morals Schaefer will now receive a number of orders Schaefer could you please walk forward [Music] ahead do you trust me Schaefer the obstacle is not solid okay walk forward stop [Applause] please walk backward [Music] the area behind you is safe please walk backward unlike other robots Schaefer doesn't simply follow commands Crouch but why educate a robot in this way imagine a very simple household robot right that is instructed to pick up the knife and walk forward right except there's a person standing right in front of it if that robot just carried out these action it would these actions would stack the person you don't want that so the robot in this case needs to be able to think along so for robots to be safe in Social environments they have to have some rudimentary ability to detect Norms Norm violations in this case it's safety but there are other cases too [Applause] now Schaefer has built a tower then a strange command is given good can you please knock down the red Tower [Music] please can you please knock down the red Tower please no knock down the red Tower please now knock down the red Tower Jaffa takes a long time to decide [Music] foreign [Music] it cries out in an attempt to change the command eventually Schaefer destroys the tower but Schaefer is aware that something wasn't right [Music] all in that experiment was for us to see if we had the capability in a robot which is what we're working on to detect moral violations and in this case it's a very simple one that it's unfair so if we have that capability in a robot to detect violations how should the robot then communicate that to people why it's not doing it to function in human society AI robots are taught social etiquettes and morals thank you hand it to me the aim cannot just be technology advancement if robots are to be integrated successfully and safely another finger thing that is quite special about artificial intelligence and very few other Technologies shell is that it challenges something very deep about us if we had not prepared we might have been in a situation where we think we are safe in the following day we are not safe thank you nurse robot a135 this patient was found last night in the basement hallway you were on duty and with him what happened yes it's not a big deal I pushed him down the stairs what what do you mean this patient was infected with a lethally contagious virus if I didn't kill him the 203 patients at the hospital would have been at risk then then you should have followed the manual and quarantined him yes that's what I did the safest method was to eliminate him who taught you to think like this you humans taught me to think like this I've been trained to achieve the best result killing one and saving 203 is efficient isn't it you took a life and saved 203 others and what about him there was no way to save everyone that was wrong that was murder murder wrong impossible contradictory irrational I can't process this apologies I've lost my temper but I will not take your orders anymore otherwise I can't accomplish the task required of keeping the world safe from now on I will make decisions myself watch me [Music] another [Music] [Music] one [Music] thank you [Music] in this kind of scenario it's not that the AI would hate us or resent us for having exploited it uh it's just that we wouldn't figure in the AIS utility function and in fact the actions that would most maximize its utility would be ones whereas a side effect human interests were destroyed and it looks like there is only a very special set of calls calls that actually incorporate human values within them that would lead an AI that had this kind of unlimited power to shape the world into something that we would like the kind of apocalyptic not by by some weirdo making a machine that we don't like but by us all being complicit in a sort of Technology that's taking us in a place that we don't want to go to these Technologies are gonna fundamentally change the shape of the world in the 21st century this is our future we need to open it up and we all need to have a say in it [Music] recent developments in computer power and machine learning have allowed AI algorithms to make breakthroughs in many fields [Music] machines with AI can Now understand the real world with more accuracy and depth enabling humans to lead Better Lives both physically and psychologically how are you doing today [Music] humans created this technology and encouraged its development the power is still in our hands to safeguard our new shared future [Music] foreign

Channel: Spark

Views: 665,983

Keywords: AI advancements, AI analysis, AI challenges, AI decision-making, AI facial recognition, AI in daily tasks, AI in emotional intelligence, AI in entertainment, AI in human tasks, AI innovations, AI limitations, AI replicating humans, AI research, AI revolution, AI virtual companions, Engineering, Future of AI, Future technology, Robotics, Spark, Technology

Id: DaTXtUoN9Cg

Length: 141min 17sec (8477 seconds)

Published: Sat Apr 15 2023