Cosmic Queries: The Science of Humans at War

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this is Startalk this is Startalk and I'm your host Neil deGrasse Tyson your personal astrophysicist I work at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City where I serve as director of the Hayden Planetarium and today I have with me my coach Chuck nice that's right hey nail Chuck good to be you're always good to have you always my pleasure and you're wearing your official NASA uniform that's without a doubt you know I figured this was appropriate attire for what we are doing you know that and it's the only clean thank you making that clear so this is a this is a cosmic queries edition a star talk as it is and in this cosmic queries we're going to be talking about the science of war yeah man ooh science of humans at war yeah and I have to tell you man people are obsessed with the subject I I don't understand how that I don't know I don't get it I have never received the breath of queries because you solicited questions on this topic already yes we have okay so the questions from all over again I was told this morning that this would be the topic but you've been scheming yeah all week on the week long we've been receiving questions and I have to tell you that people are very passionate about it and they're uh you know they're doing a lot of deep thinking you know okay a lot of questions I'm like you were clearly high would you like that question right you had to be sad to write that question because that's because I because I don't have any walls you don't get to see the questions what's that's true but though I'd be a scientist I have no particular expertise in this topic right okay so I figured okay then they plunked a book down in front of me called grunt the curious science of humans at war so I said damn I got to read this book like in the next hour but then they told me no Mary wrote the author of the book and here with us from Oakland California Mary Rose yes thank you Mary does not your first time on Startalk no now's like your fourth time or something I think we yeah therefore yeah you got like the coolest start talking in books we could ever find so great great to have you in here so basically these questions are going to be for Mary yeah for them I'll be Mary sidecar on right I could back her up with some physics if we need it right this is her book for the most part this is this is what people are Mary I'm not gonna lie to you and say oh I read this book and I haven't read it yet I just saw it like this man I jump on every other talk show host is lying to you when they said they read your book I know you know that I know I haven't read it either I don't remember what's in it I wrote it a long time ago okay we'll see what they will see what the people say like I said some of the questions are out there which is before you going okay it's just an overview yeah what is this subject okay so this is military science but specifically not the weapons and the bombs and the right strategy which I'd from you may have a lot of questions there about that when I will turn those all over to you okay so this is the human right yeah is it extreme heat and loud noises right here and panic and flies and diary and all of the things that people don't necessarily think about but the military thinks about because it knocks soldiers out of commission and anyway so yeah that kind of let's it's all in here so this is like your this was your next project after all these other completely far-flung places you have been in your book portfolio yeah you think I would take a body of knowledge that I've worked on and build upon that so that I don't know start all over again Arco knowing nothing right listen I this okay yeah we're still before okay what is the most weirdest scientific thing you can share with us about military grunts okay here okay here's justice just start the soil here first a book starts out with the chicken gun and I love the chicken gun because I like to say the word chicken whenever possible right chicken guys I think I know the chicken gun story do you yeah yeah I have never out of the gambino your what the chicken case you're testing the the the the canopy airplanes quieter pilots okay right so okay the chicken is a stand-in for your turkey vulture your Canada goose your Starling whatever it is it's kind of a worst-case scenario to change it's a kind of odd choice because it doesn't chicken doesn't actually I'm not going to no matter how long your pilot you are never going to actually if it's a bird and it's readily variable at your grocers it's because Christian right yeah so you take it frozen chicken you thaw it out you load the chicken gun and you fire it at the canopy right yes at the same speed that the plane would otherwise encounter it flying into the air right but it was there were a lot of thought went into this because there's also because I don't Valley well I the chicken this will be it's very dense it's a big heavy thing that'll be great blood in fact there's something called pause for drama the feathered bullet phenomenon will be feathered bullets phenomena tiny little bird Leo Starling maybe it's the way to appear just like a bullet right into the pilot so actually yeah so you know do you think you haven't figured out yet we'll use a chicken and then there's and then all of a sudden bird comes through and shoot you in the head well because the bird appears a tinier hole and that yeah it's a different kind of impact basically that was not people more so it's closer to a bull okay so to test this they should just shoot bullets you can sit here let's see right a bullet ready right or find a Finch that's packing I have a bird fire a gun right exactly just four days ago I was at Edwards Air Force Base and I saw the canopy of the f-22 fighter and it was large and beautiful it was completely transparent and what the pilots were telling me is that now it's not just a canopy to their side into their front it is completely around them and so they have full high-quality visual confirmation of anything that's around them right and I said shouldn't you be flying with instruments rather than relying in your own damn eyes yeah that's normally the pilots way oh okay I on instrument as I know if you're a fighter pilots when I talk well but anyway let's get to yeah yeah interesting again yeah but you got the cage on the bottom I found out is it when birds birds and planes take off into the wind so the birds are like oh no no no head no law they're not looking behind so they don't have a visual awareness to get out of the way so that was a that's a problem not looking at what's coming at them right the planes coming up from behind for me that's one of the one of the most beautiful metaphors do tell it's in life mm-hmm here we go when the wind is against you right remember that is exactly the condition to take planes take flight and that's a bit that is a beautiful metaphor right that mine is went away in any case I'm sticking with the airplane here I ruin my metaphor yeah so chicken more lovely Canada goose yeah the plane wants to high speed it can be relative to the air it's not about the ground right about the air so you take off into the moving air then you can take off at a lower ground speed because your air speed higher that's all that's just going the birds figured that out too yeah yeah very intelligent so let's do this Chuck you solicited questions on this topic and we have them and our first question is a patreon patrons question which of course if you uh if you actually support us on patreon then we will put your question to the top of the queue and that right resident yes as a matter of fact actually buying their way to the top of the thing I can think of no better way to get people to participate okay or to get votes okay okay by the votes okay what's your first question this is from Jeff prime who is a patreon patron and Jeff wants to know this from Omaha Nebraska my unit and I were deployed in Iraq from 2007 to 2008 I personally have known several men from my unit that suffer from PTSD while other members do not with all our variables being equal is there a biological reason why some soldiers handle war differently in a mental capacity that helps explains why some soldiers suffer PTSD while others do not good one very very good deadline right yes when I do not know the answer cool yes okay I have it yeah they have it moving on joking I can reflect on this virus probably there's probably a reason yeah I would think that if we knew that definitively then we would be able to delineate why that is and then look for a cure to PTSD which are or keep those people out of what one of the things in the book was there looking at heat injuries and there's a huge individual variation and who can acclimate to extreme heat like you can feel like start sweating heavy and sooner and is like you like I can deal with this and other people can't and they get heat stroke and they sometimes die pretty high but in a wide range of temperatures yeah what I found is oh could you put on the heat if you put on it and I'm just kind of antsy chillin with the cool alright no I'm just are self regulating yeah kinda it's not that I don't feel hot or feel cold it's that I'm okay with it now you have a psychological you just roll with everything it is psychological rather than physiological I in either case I still want to know who's susceptible pedia to PTSD who isn't right right of course there's that very famous scene I know only know it from the film I assume it was true with Patton walks into a infirmary infirmary yes and there's these wounded soldiers they're bandaged and there's one elder who has no wounds at all he's there in tears at the edge of that what they call back then shell shock shell shock and then combat fatigue it was combat see and now it's PTSD happiest did not what it was enough syllables you gotta get more real when you have more syllables finally yeah so so he slapped he bitch-slap yeah he did the soldier and this made it to the press that he had no sort of compassion compassion yeah I was empathy for empathy for the yeah man he was saying he didn't bother him apparently so he figured everybody else should I guess it was a day when psychological injury was not viewed as the same as physical injury whereas today so often I this is how we do okay yeah well she got that's a great question mister remains a great question without an answer available as a stable you know I don't have an answer there's nothing wrong with that okay now this one is really for Neil uh Mary uh and I'm reading it meal because I'm not sure what this guy's talking about okay and this is from Nick sahs from ski says from ski you think that's right so it's Franz right subs subs from the France key that's right truck if you start pronouncing names correctly then we won't know to do with you however you want and that's your thing that's my thing I don't think the France key I don't know so thank you right what uh here we go Anna um this was I'm a young sci-fi writer and fantasy I'm currently working on a hard science fiction book my question is how much do we understand here's the thing meal exotic particles what if any effect they do have on the human body and and then he says if you put a blurb about my book I really appreciate yeah I don't think I'm gonna do the blurb about the book but I think I have a way to link this back to Mary but we we have the portfolio of particles that exist that I measured that names if masses they have you know energies in different states and this sort of thing and half-lives and so some particles just go straight through you like neutrinos right billions go through you every square centimeter every second from the Sun and they do nothing to us they don't interact what matters is if they interact with you that's the difference okay and if they interact they could do damage and so so this is a so if you want to weaponize a particle you would make some kind of device that you know contains particles that will interact with your body in some way yes with your DNA that's with your skin mess with whatever and then that becomes a weaponized Raygun basically so you make the particles a delivery system for some type of debilitation correct correct now we do this for for electromagnetic energy so there's a there's a movable microwave device which is an it's a non-lethal anti-personnel weapon that is non-lethal so if there's a crowd of people you drive up this truck you aim this antenna at the people and it's like you just put them all in a microwave oven now do you first get them to hold a burrito okay so they can eat it on the way you got to take the wrapper off so so what happens if their skin starts feeling hot and they and they want to go out of the beam so they scattered it scattered they scatter so you can decentralize what might be a mob that that's that's coming is there any discussion in the military about weapons the effect of weapons on people that are not just gun that your traditional well there was not in this book of one of my previous books there was infrasound I mean which book this was even though they were there was this so emotional memory book that was in that she wrote that's pretty cool yeah that's that badass actually yeah yeah in some book that I wrote so what you can all you all do is like buy them all a mouse but I'd like to it you let me know you buy them all right so yeah in but infrasound there was just talk about that there that the military was looking for a non-lethal weapon I think was it supposedly it would know is infrasound any of those like long slow way frequency where frequency and that it would have the same resonant frequency as some of the internal organs so you it would create fear nausea terror and yeah never this is like in Jurassic or anywhere t-rex yeah like the liquid right and you see the the vibration in the liquid in the glass right right right that type of deal yeah like they were similar like they would launch a ball of inference AAB there be t-rex would be one of the settings right yeah yeah by the way the military doesn't have to look for that we already have it it's called one direction yeah you're a boy band well they were some concern about NASA had concerns about because the engines were put in a launch they would be putting out tremendous amounts of infrasound and they were afraid they're going to deliver jelly to the moon that they would even it was so that instead but I think it turned out it wasn't but in fact they do have what they call a sound abatement system and before every launch in two seconds before they ignite the engine you see this basically a swimming pools worth of water dumped on launch pad and the water absorbs the acoustic reverberations that's right they're worried that the acoustic reverberations would just completely we tear apart entire bottom half for the rocket I like the the singer with the glass breaking shatter exactly yes Annette so what they do is they put in the water that absorbs the energy and that way the energy doesn't hit the rocket again so next time watch very closely every single launch and their big tanks yeah rounding launch pads their water tanks bada-bing and then the vibrations hit it vaporizes the water so some of the smoke you see coming out is is steam basically it's authorized by the energy the acoustic energy of vibration that's amazing give me one more question by the way that is the exact sound that it makes when the water is dumped but a being a big it's awesome it's awesome to us Chuck okay here's here's a quick one since we don't have a lot of time tech advancement through Wars from Mattie stark on facebook says this how do you feel about the idea that war is necessary for technological advancement whoo let me let me let me can't say it in a grunt question okay okay so how much have we how much has war advanced medicine a lot in terms of combat trauma to me did stuff like alright you get somebody whose arteries cut and they've got about two minutes so you know get it in terms of getting what it did so they bleed out and they're dead two minutes to stable I get to stop the bleeding stabilize them and get them somewhere they've gotten really good at that so emergency care that's been huge of course the whole concept of triage a war based yeah we're basically also things you wouldn't necessarily think about there was an Navy guy captain Phillips not that other captain Phillips who K came up with this discovery that if you if so we've got extreme diarrhea like cholera where you're like losing five gallons of liquid you even invented this thing the cholera caught it's a cot with a hole in a bucket you're just your ear you're going to die quickly because you're just right ticking right you're leaking so what does he invented the bucket what's white that's not very well the cholera cock was one event but not the important one the important one was if you add glucose to the rehydration fluids it enhances absorption of the fluids and the salt so now you can drink them rather hook up an IV so in a third-world country where somebody they have to make their way to a clinic and get hooked up to an IV they can actually drink this stuff and it's saved you know millions of life cause it's still like to TM to some million people died so here's here's a more good question you ready ready I'm always there have more people have more lives been saved by the medical advances from war than lives that have been lost from the waging of war itself Wow interesting well they okay well here's a figure for you this war is good for you people I now have to kill you in order to save you let's go let's go to commercial and we'll we'll cogitate on that question when we come back Startalk continues with our cosmic queries edition with Mary Roach author of grunt the curious science of humans at war we're back to Startalk Neil deGrasse Tyson here your host and your personal astrophysicist we're doing cosmic queries love cosmic queries Chuck you're helping me out here absolutely and you solicited questions from the from now our internet base as we have and using they knew in advance before I knew even with these cards you never get to see that I don't get I don't you know what even though we're not trying to stump you that's not the not the point I get a point here is not to give you a question that you cannot answer but it's to think that might be the point yeah babies more fun there are some people yeah not for me Oh Mary Roach is with us and her new book just released this thing still smells like it's got a new book smell good format you can buy that spray it is released and then its old book smell the curious science of humans at war and and I'd left you with a question just before the end I just wanted to know given given how many lives have been saved by medical advances from innovations during war could one make the case the morbid case that the number of people who have died at war is less than the number of lives who have been saved by the medical advances derived from it probably just from the the dysentery and diarrhea statistics alone I mean you're tiny okay so 2.5 million people a year still there wh oh that's the figure for death World Health Organization held to this day yes a million people died from dehydration from diarrhea a lot of intolerant or some other and yeah in developing nations so that's a huge one half million a year absolutely India from from yeah exactly okay so a 50 million people died in the Second World War it was last number I checked so 25 years of that that's just the diarrhea alone right but but they are dying we didn't stop them from dying so I want to know if wives have been saved no but you saying that just the advancements that we've made to combat that may may have saved a significant number of lives whether or not it balances we don't know but I do my statistic that you know those they're still dying they're still dying out so what you're saying that number could have been much large much larger man that's what number this ugly yes number they're still dying it would have been huge her huge huge it would have been huge just like my hair huge okay huge I may not like my hands no you know what is some recently saw statistic on the the number of deaths from car crashes versus in LA every year that there's been a military conflict the number of deaths just from car crashes Dwarfs the number from killed in whatever the war that's going on not not the second world war but surely soon ya know since then we lose we lose 100 110 attack now are they only are they only accounting American deaths or are they coming the number of people because we tend to kill a lot more people exactly yeah that's true sure but I can tell you it's a hundred people a day on the roads and at the peak of the Vietnam War we were losing a hundred servicemen a week so it's basically a factor of seven higher out in cars then in military not not the First World War was about the Second World War but here's something I'd tweeted recently the Second World War you do that you run the math we were losing 1,000 humans per hour Wow 1000 per hour died at the hands of another human being during the six years of the Second World War hmm wow that's a thing yes however the mexican-american war seven to one ratio disease to combat injury ooh dysentery diarrhea malaria seven two to one crystal you think Mexico and diarrhea they're always going to be linked Wow III know so Mexico even back then retrovirus of water that event yeah oh yeah there was that quote William Osler dysentery has been more fatal to soldiers than powder or shot well that's even as good as your chicken metaphors you let loose earlier not I've read all right Chuck what else yeah here we go let's move on hmm this seems to be a big theme that people want to know about and this is this is from Aaron harren filth okay that's the name that's how you're pronouncing the name but go on no no Phi LT you have fun with how you can't pronounce stuff okay all right go on maybe just run remember never wrote it would wrote it that way to make this mess with me all right here we go hi Neil really love the show keep it up my question is in recent films such as Civil War we're talking about Marvel Comics Civil War we see genetically advanced soldiers like Bucky who's a character at Captain America's friend I'm sorry I'm translating as he asked a question and the winter soldiers a also part of the genetically modified soldiers could super soldiers eventually become a reality if so what are the biological implications of doing such a thing greetings from Mexico City oh yes this is the show for you what's so merry go to Mexico City it's supposed to be great so Mary are there studies of have there been attempts to modify the human physiology in war I saw this amazing paper DARPA you know DARPA Harper's the way outside the box Defense Advanced Research Project - yes it was a paper it was speculation it was not projects that are underway but they were listing like one of the poll points of DARPA is to have highly speculative research it could break open a whole new field of military might okay this was in particular modifications to the human body what could we do and inspiration from the animal kingdom so they were looking at unis unis hemispheric sleep which you have in marine mammals and in some geese and noggin and what do you want I'll try oh yeah exactly so they funded some research with some basic research into marine biologist and bird people ornithologists would be the I guess the way I call for people look it's looking at people I go on bug people yeah yeah but people have probably been doing some work too but yeah funny just looking into like how does this work and said we foster this and somehow make our soldiers able to sleep emka sleep deprivation is huge and it affects your performance your military performance so there are a way to sleep with one half the brain and keep the other eye open to make sure nobody's sneaking any swap brain halves yeah presumably both halves next time Yeah right yeah all right so so was that it was an it was an amazing list there were things like human llamas or what could you oh gee you know somehow had more hemoglobin for mountain warfare could you make somebody able to kind of Sherpa eyes them quickly to be able to bring you into function better high altitudes I do remember surgically installed gills was on the list whoa okay now yes actually like Waterworld right there what hey exactly what I was telling Kostner know about this that's great we're going to work on we're going to try him out first when he came around his neck and you saw the girls yeah yeah so so here's my take on that not that anybody asked but I'll tell you my take at the early days of space exploration there was all this talk about modifying the human physiology to accommodate the stress and strain on our body in space and in almost every case they came up with an engineering solution to the problem rather than a biological one we're therefore was not invasive to the human body they would talk about is there some pill you can take where the brain would not require as much oxygen when you do a high G turn out from a you know from a as a fighter pilot might when when they're turning around and then in that way your brain wouldn't need as much oxygen in still and then the engineers just developed is the suits right where they just means your leg as you're like bloody got no way to go right right so so so many of these are injured how about one where you don't feel nauseous and feel nausea in zero-g or you can just spin up the space station and create 1g so so my my oh you you want to make bulletproof skin or just make Kevlar bullet and wear a bulletproof vest right so want the bullet to skin sanim you're just I'm just going to go on record and say the bulletproof man is what I would go for so I'm more Tony Stark on this give me the give me the suit give me the power the money and the brains and we'll make we'll make anything we need I will be able to fly oh that's cool now what else again all right um Johnny Glasgow from facebook says hi Neil it would be Facebook our followers on Facebook followers on Facebook headquarters my face right exactly right he's not actually having coffee with Zuckerberg right now he says hi Neil hi Mary what scientific advances made during wartime have the biggest positive effect on our civilian lives today hmm I'm going to have to go with the medical stuff the medical stuff yeah the stuff we were talking about earlier we're talking about really bad that the most positive affective effect yeah right i'ma get you talked about maybe you like taking forward the whole notion of drones completely taking humans out of the equation but that's you know it's got other issues but the whole episode on Star Trek hmm that was indeed they fought the war through mathematical calculations right and then people report it to a chamber for dilation because the calculation showed that you would have been it would have been killed in the in a bat walk in and they took him out right exactly and that which is that after curtain no you can't do that way thank you yeah is not more Oh ugly and bloody socks ed actually note statistically I can see the merit of lubricating or approach well that's cool yet that so definitely be the medical advancements is that's what comes to mind in terms of a positive yeah positive okay I would say no irony just a logical event say one thing I had the v2 rocket was the very first intercontinental ballistic missile which became the foundation of our entire space arsenal ah everything that we know and love about space including where you get your your your your weather maps from from the Weather Channel you get people out am i going to tell me what do I need space for I have my GPS in the Weather Channel that's all I need yeah that's like get your intro government hands off my Medicare that's what that state is exactly look at it so I would say I know at yen acid I mean anything that's miniaturized fire or yet the entire miniature light weight that was NASA more I know and it's by there's probably more didn't have to miniaturize the way NASA and I have to launch it for you know well then I can cost you money it's a war thing though the first ten thousand dollars a pound to orbit yeah so if you got a little extra cut yeah I ain't flying that in right you ain't go back on a treadmill yeah so how about this I believe the first computers were used to calculate the trajectory of mortar shells and it's tennis is that correct that is true okay yes yep yep and now we have computer I mean we know what they do now yeah yes so in fact the military led the development of supercomputing yes that's right right nowadays it's commercially driven because the demand is there but in their in the day yeah back in the day right there you go all right all right well not bad not bad at all okay what else oh yeah here we go okay here we go well you know what this is kind of the same question so I'm going to skip that I'm sorry um do vet of armed combat face a dis purport I'm sorry Christian your last name I tried to get away without just but I'm going to try it here we go this is from Christian prison black prysby lick okay here you go Mary take a look I'm just messing with you chuckling hey just messing with it out Christian right where the Joe Smith's out there Facebook please laughs I know Joe Smith I asked Chuck a question I know where's Joe Smith when I need up okay Christian prysby late from Twitter says this do vets of armed combat face a disproportionate number of chronic health issues and does race play a role or or as well as class so class and race do they play a role in the chronic health issues that vets face and do vets face more chronic health issues than anyone else by virtue of being a vet I wouldn't yeah yeah yeah there's a tremendous amount I mean he's like just starting with here the number-one VA expense hearing loss really come away with EMEA it's not just it is not just rifle and bombs going off in rifle fire its steady-state noise a year in a Blackhawk helicopter is like a hundred and six decibels and hearing person have hearing protection structure material like that like that can you do a m16 uh well m16 is a little bit more staccato so is an m16 the rifle yeah duck yeah I do but then there's a Huey from Vietnam no it's like it was that it was a it had a pulse it was a pulsing pulsing sound she's saying consistent about rate together assistant Lee being persistently bathed in high decibel sound even beyond just whether you would near an explosion right and and the other problem is that when the when the noise assuming things go kinetic when there's five for me and when there's like there's no warning you have time to literally roll down my phone mere plug oh my oh you're back and put that you know you there's just not time and they're not going to wear that stuff all the time cuz you lose your situational awareness you can't hear somebody shouting get down had somebody over there so they they're trying to do that in some movies well they have yeah they have special operations is really cool you bionic hearing it so called his headset and it attenuates the loud noises changes with do right so the loud stuff gets quieter and the quiet stuff is amplified so you're like the by on I was like did it I could hear across the room yeah that was no that was the I what you're doing was that the I was beyond oh that was a year okay see you're right yeah you know me summers heavy ears she had the it actually selling mattresses late-night-tv can you hear me out so okay so that's interesting so these so anyway yeah but that's just that's the biggest one but then ya got like traumatic brain injury and you got and put and orthopedic stuff I mean if you're in a vehicle that is designed to withstand an ID going off you mean you'll survive you survive but you did like the the bottom of it would come up and slam into the right item that pelvis and the spine speaking of that I just wear and tear on your body even if you're not blown up so speaking of that and this question is from so these are veterans that have been in combat right just yeah that turns generic veteran right right because many most veterans have not been in combat right so oh so do they have more well I don't know well yeah I mean you know we presume it's combat well here we would have to assume because I mean I mean I'm going to say carpal tunnel doesn't count I've been sitting at this desk filling out these reports for weight my wrists are killing me actually I have this book called dear dear America which is a collection of letters home from Vietnam I was collected before they made a Vietnam Memorial here in lower Manhattan and so on the memorial or these are subsets of these letters hook is all of them at school and just to your point Mary these are letters from all manner of servicemen serving in Vietnam and there's some talking about like their friends getting blown up in front of them and I and and wading through the muck and mire and the mosquitoes and then there's another letter of someone who's in an a in an office I envy 't nam saying i can't you know i want to laugh but it's so hot in here it's almost 94 degrees and the fan doesn't work i did these working conditions are under horrible under its right give out any fucking idea what's going on around you around you right you go ahead typewriter keys are so i think your biggest problem is your biggest problem that's really what that is yeah whatever your biggest problem is that's your biggest problem wow that's cool i'm not coming we got two and a half minutes how many questions can you squeeze into this alright you know what i go here's the deal i'm going to we're going to go philosophical s : house our own house our says do you think there can be or ever has been something that can unite humans so effectively as war what a profoundly mars mission oh look at you with the Mars mission landing a human Mars mad I need everybody on batoon into that right mm-hmm think mmm well so I so I let me agree and add to that so I've thought a lot about things that unite humanity okay so one of them is war which is the largest organized unification of humans that we experience not to mobilizes us like a good war exactly and what add thing is it mobilizes us against one another but it's nonetheless mobile mobilizing another one is the Olympics thrill and another is the World Cup it's by the way as a metaphor for war yes it is actually I'm so - is the World Cup except you don't end up dead at the end of all right so World Cup the Olympics and the International Space Station when you look at the cost of the International Space Station the number of countries involved it is the greatest collaboration of nations outside of the waging of war well look at just the total investment that has gone in it basically three billion a year plus so yeah yes so I agreed landing on Mars could do that if it's done as a global ocean as this dunnage it would be wouldn't it I mean don't you think it can be but I don't have enough confidence in the human species to think that we wouldn't do it out of competitive urges rather than orbital edges so you're saying that if we make it a reality show competition between countries we're more apt to go to Mars than if we were just to wait for us to finalize the gathering is that your urge to be innovative is greater stimulated when you're in competition than when your cooperation that's my feeling here okay as capitalism at its best reveals where like what do you want I want your money I don't want you to give your money the other person so now that competition drives me to be better there it a guy there it is at you there it is I think we're out of time oh my god oh my god well let me just this but so so so Mary let me let me let me break ranks here and pull away from chucks questions okay is it one other thing you want us to know about your book before we before we end and start off today oh it's it's a it's a it's a dark topic but it's an interesting quirk e fun we I don't want people to get I mean it's assuming more serious but they're the people in the military have a good sense of humor and it you have to I said yeah anytime there's death involved in life and death and all that so it's so it's um it's fun it said you interviewed you interviewed servicemen I was I was on a nuclear sub I was in Camp lemon let you in took me a year and a half to get on guide oh I know yeah that's pretty cool that's cool yeah that's cool so so I'm all over the place and it's an interesting it's a foreign culture and like any foreign culture it's just a really interesting place to go and to learn about so cool Mary thanks again for being on Startalk thank you Dan and so we'll just I want to be on your on your tour list every single time oh you bet I'll never get I would be like the only show to had everyone on that damn books yeah we get them all for sex out well we got to close out this part of the show when star talk returns shut nice and Bill Nighy take over the studio for a segment of maker themed cosmic queries yes what to you by Google that's right maker theme that's a whole new thing people getting into yeah you know what it's kind of cool because they're encouraging people to be makers yeah you know to innovators inventors you know I think we have lost some of that over the last couple of decades yes and with nice to bring it back and now it's technologically it's IT based for a lot of it absolutely yeah yeah all right Chuck I'll look forward to that segment I'm out of here we'll see you guys next time on Startalk this is Startalk 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Views: 93,362

Rating: 4.8997722 out of 5

Keywords: 3D printing, Bill Nye the Science Guy, Chuck Nice, combat medicine, Cosmic Queries Maker Edition, Grunt-The Curious Science of Humans at War, hearing loss, Mary Roach, military science, Neil deGrasse Tyson, PTSD, V2 rocket

Id: pqd-aLLBeew

Channel Id: undefined

Length: 39min 57sec (2397 seconds)

Published: Mon Oct 16 2017

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