China Airlines Flight 006's Engine Flames Out As Plane Enters A Dive | Mayday | On The Move

[Music] there's a way to make an entrance my destiny it was now a conspiracy of witches download today [Music] a 747 plummets towards the pacific ocean people just popped up like popcorn this airplane is totally out of control it is going to crash in two minutes china airlines flight 006 drops 10 kilometers through the clouds 270 280 290. the plane begins to tear itself apart as it spirals towards the sea and i closed my eye i thought i was gone 102 15 000 feet 12 000 feet 10 000 feet emergency [Music] february the 19th 1985 a china airlines flight cruises across the pacific to los angeles at 12 000 meters it's racing towards the door for the passengers and crew on board it's past midnight a two-man relief crew is in charge of the plane as it sails above the ocean on autopilot the main crew gets several hours off in the middle of the trip so they're rested for the landing [Music] but captain mumian ho is restless good morning gentlemen even though he's not officially on duty yet captain ho returns to the cockpit i thought i'd keep you company the captain isn't the only one up best friends sex and canyon and alex knowl have something to celebrate i feel like i'm in first class it's sexan's 30th birthday i have the longest birthday because i just gave my 12 hours back and we've been drinking champagne celebrating 41 000 feet in the air you know not too many people get to do that bill peacock is in first class he's traveled all over the world for the american government there was nothing special it was a routine commercial flight i had a very nice first class seat sat there and read some books went to sleep by now the plane is nearing the coast of california good morning ladies and gentlemen we will shortly be serving you breakfast for those of you who wish to adjust your watches the local time in los angeles is now 7 a.m sleep well very well sir thank you good morning after their five-hour break the flight crew is reunited in the cockpit soon after the plane runs into some stiff winds ladies and gentlemen this is your captain speaking we're experiencing some light air turbulence the autopilot is set to keep the plane flying at 470 kilometers an hour but with the wind blowing hard it's increasingly difficult to maintain the speed for the crew the bumpy ride suddenly gets more worrying engine 4 is giving us weak thrust there's a problem with one of the engines the flight engineer throttles up the engine but it doesn't respond we're losing speed back in economy sex and canyo has also noticed something you notice the light in that wing isn't flashing anymore so what i thought there was some light blinking at the tip of the the wing look like a cone but at when i look back this time i didn't see no cone all the light in that one's still flashing i think you had a few buddy have a seat in the cockpit the strange situation suddenly gets much worse engine four flamed out the fourth engine stops working completely take a look at engine out procedures work out a three engine crews altitude the problem with the fourth engine isn't a complete surprise at the pre-flight briefing captain ho was told that a repair crew had worked on engine 4 before the flight perhaps the engine still wasn't working properly we had a snag advisor on engine 4 before we took off yesterday maybe that's it without the fourth engine the plane continues to slow down airspeed 240. call auckland center and request a lower altitude booklet center dynasty 006 requesting new autotune dynasty006 standby [Music] reignite engine four yes captain at this altitude there isn't much oxygen so the chances of a successful relight are slim as the crew try to restart their engine their plane slowly begins to roll to the right you're cleared to flight to four we're banking right captain airspeed 230. as the plane continues to turn and slow down it's in danger of stalling altitude hold off nose down hoping to increase his speed captain ho tries pushing the plane's nose down nothing the crew does seems to help their jet is banking more and more steeply dynasty flight zero zero six oakland center how do you hear asb 220 we're banking right captain i'm disengaging autopilot for the first time captain ho takes manual control of the plane he struggles with the controls but the plane has veered into thick cloud and he can't see the horizon as he tries to keep his jet level i've lost adi the adis have malfunctioned it's going on a limit just minutes after their fourth engine stopped working the china airlines flight suddenly stalls and begins falling from the sky people just popped up like popcorn hitting the cabin and all the tray was flying hot tea pots noodles and all the luggage in the compartment but hitting people you could hear rivets popping it sounded like bullets were hitting the outside of the aircraft which you know we're out in the middle of the ocean nobody's shooting at us at that time we didn't know we're gonna live or die china airlines flight 006 is out of control and hurtling towards the ocean a china airlines jet is tumbling out of the sky after losing power to one engine the jet is spinning out of control it's dropping fast straight towards the pacific ocean you can see the students all these people who didn't have their seatbelt on they were flying dynasty 006 oakland center how do you hear me the crew are stunned blindsided by their jet's bizarre behavior dynasty zero zero six oakland center how do you hear me ask me 270 280. dynasty 006 oakland center how do you hear me struggling against the plane's wild motion the flight engineer tries again to restart his fourth engine the g-forces are so powerful that the flight engineer is pinned to the control pedestal 0-06 oakland center do you copy you need to see this in oakland air traffic control spots the plane's sudden descent in a matter of seconds the plane falls almost 3 000 metres in the cabin the g-forces are punishing i close my eye i thought i was gone i thought the plane just blew up in the mid-air the plane is about to exceed its maximum speed tumbling madly through the clouds the 747 finally starts to pull out of its nosedive as the plane writes itself the g-forces change direction the passengers are pressed to the floor feeling five times their normal weight i remember looking over at this dignified older chinese gentleman who was sitting across the aisle from me and his face was being contorted like this like he was lying on his side in a wax museum in a fire i mean his face was just all contorted as the crew struggles to regain control of the plane it begins to slow down oakland center how do you read me it has been 140 knots and falling the jet is still dropping but not as fast this could be the crew's chance to regain control i knew we were really in trouble because g-forces instead of being horizontal started moving around to the vertical so we were being pushed down into our seats instead of sideways as their speed continues to fall the flight engineer reaches desperately for the engine throttles with 80 knots but the engines don't the respond flamed out after tumbling 3000 meters in 30 seconds the jumbo jet plunges again into another freefall [Music] and the second time when it went down this time is plunged i mean it went down the change is swift once again the passengers feel pulled towards the nose of the plane you know this airplane is totally out of control it is going to crash and stuff were sliding around and flying around and shoved to one side and then shoved to another side so it was it was kind of like being on a boat that gear has broken loose and it's just going back and forth with the waves ugly [Music] my stomach was up to my throat you smell people urinating in their pants i i really made peace with the lord and i said uh you know to myself i said you know i've really had a wonderful life if this is the end i'm ready to do [Music] as the plane spins towards the ocean the airspeed increases rapidly dynasty zero zero six with the crews struggling to control the plane six separate calls from air traffic control go unanswered [Music] the stress of the dive tears the landing gear doors off the plane in less than a minute the plane drops six kilometers he said i love you man i told him i love you man and we said goodbye to our wife and he said something about his belongings he gave all his belongings to his wife and and that's when we just start pushing our chair back together with no visible horizon line captain ho doesn't know which way is up a reference he can't stop the plane from spinning after blindly plunging thousands of meters the plane finally breaks free from cloud when this thing was falling down it looked like you had a magnifying glass and you went like that and also in the white water break becoming closer and closer faster and faster it's like incredible and we thought we were going to die altitude 12 000 feet as he struggles for control captain ho has only 30 seconds before his crippled plane smashes into the ocean [Music] i can see the horizon altitude 10 000 feet for the first time since beginning his harrowing descent the captain can now use the horizon line as a reference in leveling the plane as he tries to pull the plane out of its dive the passengers pay the price their bodies are forced into their seats battered by another dramatic change in direction you know the g-force was so strong and i weighed 200 pounds so my weight was almost 1200 pounds it's a race against time and the plane starts to win adi's coming back as the plane finally begins to level the attitude indicators return to normal abi's coming in more importantly as mysteriously as the incident began three of the plane's engines regain power engines we are coming back 4 still negative read night engine 4 yes captain once again the flight engineer tries to reignite the fourth engine but this time engine 4 re-ignited for the first time in minutes the plane is flying under control they saved the airplane they pulled the airplane out of this acrobatic maneuver at an altitude of 9500 feet they popped out of the clouds at 11 000 feet and they had the airplane in stable level flight by 9500 feet that was a masterpiece of flying ladies and gentlemen this is the captain speaking is anyone hurt do we have a doctor armor there's a gentleman be sitting behind me not splattered with blood from hitting the compartment so we kept flying and next thing i knew that the whole plane was quiet real quiet nobody talked very much if the talk was whispering because we don't know we still don't know we're gonna live or die dynasty zero zero six fell off my screen but she's back now a new controller brian campbell has taken over control of dynasty zero zero six dynasty zero zero six oakland center do you hear me you fly the plane zero zero six we are flamed out we are emergency we are niner thousand nine a thousand roger roger we have radar contact auckland center dynasty zero zero six we can control the aircraft roger roger less than ten minutes after the start of their problems everything seems normal again radar vectors to return to course there really is nothing i can do to assist he's the pilot he's flying the airplane um i'm going to give him a safe altitude to descend to i'm giving him a destination it appeared to me that he was well in control of his aircraft dynasty 006 oakland center are you declaring an emergency do you want to divert to san francisco negative auckland center condition normal now we will continue to los angeles air traffic control clears the plane to climb to 10 500 meters but a new problem soon arises roger auckland center captain landing gear is down and walk can you bring them up negative the hydraulic fluid in system one is empty for some reason the plane's landing gear is down hydraulic fluid which controls the gear and many other parts of the plane is also leaking away oakland center dynasty006 requests new clearance to maintain flight level 270. dynasty zero zero six oakland center do you have injuries stand by opening santa sir are you okay my head one passenger has suffered serious injuries and two dozen others have cuts and bruises zero zero six we have at least two injuries on board dynasty zero zero six oakland center are you declaring an emergency do you want to divert to san francisco stand by oakland book lane center dynasty zero zero six we're declaring an emergency we request a direct route to san francisco well they cleared all the other airplanes out of the way they gave him clear runway so nobody was waiting nobody he had didn't have to wait for anybody else he went straight in for a landing dynasty 006 oakland center you are now cleared you are free to descend at pilot's discretion [Music] captain ho not only has injuries on board the plane itself has been severely damaged his rear elevators which help control the altitude of the plane don't seem to be working without them landing his jets safely will be extremely difficult the problem is it's a very big airplane and it responds very very slowly and you just might not do it before you run out of air you might hit the ocean what you need is a very cool head captain ho must now land using varying amounts of engine thrust after pulling the plane out of its terrifying dive if he makes one mistake flight zero zero six could still end in disaster nearing the end of a trip across the pacific ocean china airlines flight 006 falls suddenly from the sky the engines are flamed out emergency emergency after a terrifying plunge the crew manages to wrestle the plane level again but the jet is badly crippled the elevators aren't working without them captain ho has to land mostly by reducing power to his engines it's a controlled fall towards the runway as we came in we flew over the house in atherton where i had lived where my kids had been born and i looked down and said boy this is fitting if if we don't make it down or if this plane explodes on landing because it's been so badly torqued and and ruptured you know at least i got to see that [Music] [Applause] [Music] he made one of the best landings i've ever seen i mean it was just perfect touchdown ladies and gentlemen this is captain horse speaking wishing you a safe journey i hope you enjoyed our uneventful flight thank you for flying china airlines i thought he was a hero he saved our life i mean how can we fellows very i really didn't know how far we felt that time and we thought he was a hero and everything was fine [Applause] [Music] on the ground the full extent of the damage to the plane can be seen i saw this enormous piece of extremely complicated machinery that is much larger than most buildings sitting there on the tarmac with bits ripped off it parts of the entire tail plane at the end were ripped off as though a tornado had come through or a crane had been in and ripped pieces out of it it was a very sobering experience it's clear why the crew had such a hard time landing the plane enormous chunks of the tail are missing either torn off by the stress of the dive or crushed when the landing gear doors broke loose if the damage had been much more severe the crew wouldn't have been able to regain control of their jet two dozen passengers have minor injuries only one requires hospitalization but is soon released a near disaster was avoided but what had gone wrong in the first place the national transportation safety board arrived that very day and launched their investigation the cockpit voice recorder is sent to washington but it's designed to tape over itself every 30 minutes none of what happened in the cockpit during the terrifying plunge from the sky remains without a cockpit voice recorder we had to reconstruct what the what the crew said and how they interpreted things and what was going on in the cockpit to the best of our abilities with the other data that was available to us a record of the plane's instrument activity during the flight has been captured by the flight data recorder but again the team runs into a problem the flight data recorder experienced unprecedented stress during the dive there were electrical interruptions too which cause gaps in the recording the fdr information will have to be recovered using painstaking techniques of reconstruction it's a frustrating start to the investigation investigators begin with what they do have passengers and crew report that just before the failure of the jets fourth engine the plane flew through unexpected turbulence had this caused the engine to fail satellite weather maps revealed that there was indeed heavy air turbulence over the pacific but it wasn't severe enough to cause engine failure the jets four engines are tested and studied even after the horrific dive through the sky they're found to be in working order however given the previous history of problems with engine 4 it receives particular scrutiny they had an anomaly with one of the engines they believed that the engine had flamed out or that there was something seriously wrong with the engine the wear on a small throttle valve trimmer is measured it's worn down by only four one thousandth of an inch but that's enough to restrict the fuel flow to engine 4. engine 4 is giving us good thrust investigators determined that at 12 000 meters engine 4 did indeed deliver weaker than normal thrust it's known as a hung engine the aircraft logbook reveals that engine 4 had been written up on two previous occasions just the week before perhaps the engine wasn't properly fixed which led to the china airlines mishap the ntsb decided to dig deeper into the history of maintenance on engine 4. we had a snag advisor on engine 4 before we took off yes maybe that's it but after weeks of investigation the ntsb concludes that the engine didn't need to be replaced all the repairs were done according to the book a faulty engine was not the cause of the accident and even with the loss of one engine the plane shouldn't have been in immediate danger engine 4 flamed out a 747 is designed to fly on only three engines uh the loss of thrust on a four engine airplane is a a minor event uh it's an event you have to take care of it but the airplane is easily re-trimmed and the airplane will fly on three engines with with no difficulty we're banking right captain airspeed 230. the airplane is perfectly capable of flying it's not as efficient because it's got this big round drag producing device out there not you know not producing any thrust but given that it's not going to get quite so many miles per gallon otherwise it's perfectly flyable take a look at engine out procedures work out a three-engine cruise altitude yes captain there are standard procedures to follow in the case of an engine failure but the crew of the china airlines flight hadn't followed them they tried to reignite the engine immediately instead of descending reignite engine 4 yes captain they attempted a restart um much too high you are supposed to attempt to restart an engine only below 30 000 feet they were at 41 000. what is a little curious to me is why they didn't use the normal relight procedure they were starting to try to re-light the engine at altitude and that would likely not relied no response it's a mistake but it shouldn't have led to the plane spiraling out of control so how had a manageable problem turned into a near disaster i've lost adi the adis have malfunctioned it's going on the limits to get more information on what was happening in the cockpit investigators interview the flight crew i heard the captain report the adi was lost and then i saw the standby adi was also going out of limits the crew tell investigators that their adis which measure how level the plane is weren't working they could have said this can't possibly be right and looking at their indicators can't possibly be right and therefore they must have failed the attitude indicator had indicated a position so implausible that it looked like it had to be a failed instrument this couldn't be what the plane was really doing but in fact when the adis are studied by the ntsb they're all found to be perfectly normal when we started banking right engine 4 was already flamed out we started to descend faster and engines one two and three also failed ntsb investigators are even more confused when the crew tells them that all of their engines had failed with the exception of engine 4 the flight data recorder indicates that the other three engines were working the entire flight ignition if the engines had all failed there would have been a host of other problems such as cabin depressurization but that didn't happen engines one two and three are coming back finally when we descended lower in altitude one two and three came back and we were able to reignite engine number four engine four reignited at the end of the dive the crew had the plane under full power it was a remarkable recovery but to investigators it's a puzzle the story the crew is telling doesn't match up with the evidence they've uncovered after months of investigation the ntsb team slowly pieced together a reenactment of the plane's near catastrophe over the pacific it includes information from the reconstructed flight recorder personal interviews and the air traffic control transcript when the work is complete there's only one conclusion apart from a problem with a small valve there was nothing wrong with the 747 before it plunged from the sky in fact it was the crew that made a series of fateful decisions that almost crashed the plane just after 10 o'clock pacific time engine 4 starts to lose thrust engine 4 is giving us weak thrust the flight engineer struggles to fix the problem but investigators discover that he doesn't take one of the most basic steps he should have he leaves the engine's bleed air valve on the bleed air valve takes air generated by the engine to help cool the plane when an engine isn't working properly the valve is supposed to be closed so the engine can use all available air to restart it's a little puzzling that the flight engineer didn't shut off bleed air and the most in my mind the most likely reason for it is that he didn't expect to be told to restart the engine at 41 000 feet and so when the captain instructed him to try some restarts he just kind of wasn't ready with his checklist he wasn't he was doing something out of order and that's why it didn't occur to him to shut down the bleed air the end result is that the engine which is slow to start won't start at all [Music] unwittingly the flight engineer has started a ticking clock engine 4 is slowly losing its ability to stay lit we're losing speed with more engine power on the left wing than the right the china airlines flight begins turning in order to keep it from turning to the right the proper thing to do would have been to step on the rudder that would have produced a uh twisting force so to speak that would have overcome the imbalance of the engines but instead of adjusting the rudder himself captain ho continues to let the autopilot fly the jet the autopilot is designed not to move the rudder the autopilot can adjust the ailerons and spoilers on the plane's wings but these flaps aren't strong enough to overcome the imbalance that the plane is experiencing without the help of the rudder the plane's turn becomes steeper and steeper now it's possible that he'd forgotten that the autopilot didn't use the rudder he may have been assuming all along that the autopilot was just flying the airplane the way a human being would have which it wasn't engine 4 flamed out investigators discovered that after losing power to his fourth engine captain ho continues to leave the autopilot on he doesn't take complete control of the plane he doesn't adjust the plane's rudder with his left foot airspeed 240. he didn't use the rudder to compensate for the lack of thrust on the right outboard engine the airplane started to lose speed and one thing led to another and in the end it was really that little error of airmanship the failure to step on that left rudder pedal that triggered everything else reignite engine 4 yes captain rather than taking control of flying the plane captain ho's attention seems to be focused on his engine problem something that his flight engineer could handle on his own no response captain it's really critical that attention be paid to flying the airplane but it's happened over and over again in aviation that the crew gets focused on a problem with a system in this case an engine but it could have been a light bulb it could have been any uh other malfunction and if everybody's focused on that and nobody is flying then they're not prepared for what's happening to the airplane the plane enters a critical moment it's about to flip on its side and enter a nosedive the ntsb believes that the captain was concentrating on his airspeed indicator but seemingly fails to notice the instrument directly beside it his attitude indicator this instrument would have warned him that his plane was starting to roll alarmingly to the right they concentrated on one part of the phenomenon and lost the full picture and as they lost the full picture they lost apparently a very important part of any instrument flying which is the scan you look at all of the primary instruments one after the other and whatever is going on you look at them all constantly during the planes nose dive it flies through thick cloud with no visual horizon as a reference the flight crew must trust their instruments to level the plane i've lost adi instead what investigators believe happened is that the crew became spatially disoriented they decided that their instruments were failing they simply didn't believe what they were seeing and they thought they had lost their attitude instruments they hadn't lost their attitude instruments the airplane was in fact embarking on an aerobatic maneuver the most probable reason for all three crew members believing something so unlikely as that all attitude indicators could malfunction in the same way at the same time is that the way in which they malfunctioned was so unexpected and strange that it didn't seem to correspond to any possible thing that the airplane could be doing the airplane had in fact rolled over on its back and gone into a vertical dive and that's something that boeing 747s don't typically do as the plane begins tumbling towards the ocean another critical lapse in judgment occurs the standby edi was also going out of limits i tried to restart during interviews the flight engineer told the ntsb that all three of the planes working engines failed we started to descend faster and engines one two and three also failed but the flight data recorder shows that in fact they were still working in the heat of the crisis the engineer had made an enormous mistake the investigation reveals that as the plane fell the thrust in each engine was indeed reduced dramatically but the cause wasn't engine trouble the engine throttles had been lowered to idle in an attempt to slow the furious fall of the jet it was something the engineer missed in the chaos of the dive you can understand why the flight engineer might have been confused about this situation if he had not seen the captain pull the power to idle on the the engines he would reasonably assume that the fact that they went to idle was a problem rather than intentional investigators also believe that they know why the engines didn't give the crew more power when the engineer tried to throttle them up the cold temperatures at 9000 meters would stop them from responding quickly but in the heat of the moment the engineer could have taken their slow response as another indication that they failed the ntsb discovers that indeed gauges in the generator panel behind the engineer showed that the three engines were still firing ignition but the gravitational force became so powerful the engineer couldn't look back after months of painstaking recreation the ntsb investigators believe they understand what happened inside the cockpit of china airlines flight 006 but what they don't understand is why the crew's medical records are examined was there something wrong with the captain that might explain the bizarre behavior nothing turns up you know that wasn't just the three stooges who you know won a trip on a 747 or something it was a trained crew highly experienced thousands of hours how could an experienced crew make so many fundamental mistakes the investigators find the answers in the hours before the incident what they uncover is a potential danger that affects pilots around the world in 1985 a series of small pilot errors lead to a terrifying plunge from the sky spinning wildly out of control a china airlines flight tumbled 10 kilometers towards the pacific ocean by the time the crew regained control the plane was badly damaged amazingly everyone on board survived investigators have uncovered a series of mistakes which nearly led to the death of everyone on board china airlines flight 006 but how could an experienced well-trained and healthy crew make so many mistakes [Music] the ntsb team decides to examine all of the factors affecting human behavior including a new field of research [Music] for the first time as far as i know in a report the circadian rhythms the biorhythms the day and night functioning of the body was seriously taken into account as a possible explanation of why an extremely experienced boeing 747 captain didn't notice things that to other pilots might have seemed obvious such as the fact that his airplane was busy flipping on his back when he was attempting to deal with an engine problem although captain ho had the required 15 hours off duty before flying that day the ntsb investigators take a closer look at the captain's schedule before the night of the flight i do not think i was fatigued i can't say i slept well during the flight this accident occurred at what would be about 2am local time and that's pretty significant most people are asleep around 2 am so this incident occurred at a point in his what it would call circadian rhythms and his body clock where he would be at his deepest sleep uh i remember also that he had he had gone back into there was a crew rest area on 747 and he said he had rested for five hours and slept for two but another thing i remember from his interview is he said uh you never really sleep well on the airplane captain never sleep well during the flight i worked many years for this airline but i never had this problem before that seemed like a very true statement you know it's hard it's hard to get a really solid sleep uh on the airplane particularly if you're the person in command as he was so putting all together we we saw this was an experienced crew qualified crew and they were flying on a schedule that would make them susceptible to some of the uh some of the negative or adverse effects of fatigue during six flights in the previous six days captain ho had covered a total of 18 time zones i thought i'd keep you company [Music] the ntsb research suggests that desynchronosis or jet lag may have been a cause and i think all these factors certainly uh would have contributed to his being performing at less than his full potential at the time [Music] investigators also take a closer look at the very machinery that is supposed to make long distance flying easier take a look at engine out procedures work out a three-engine cruise altitude yes captain we have people in the front of airplanes because we believe that in circumstances which nobody has foreseen the human being in the front of the airplane can react creatively can solve a problem that nobody has thought about before in real time and automation can't solve problems that nobody has thought about before in real time in quite the same way the ntsb concludes that possibly fatigued from air travel and bored by the monotony of his tasks we're banking right captain i'm disengaging autopilot the captain relied on his autopilot for too long when he should have taken direct control he hesitated trusting his systems that is obviously a failure the crew didn't behave as they should have behaved pilot error as a result of the china airlines near mishap and other incidents around the same time aircraft manufacturers began to rethink the design of their automated systems the idea of the automation is that it's going to help the human do the human's job it's going to help the human take the airplane from the gate to the gate at the other end and it's going to help along the way boeing makes use of this particular incident to say we still want the crew to have full authority so that they can move the controls as far as it's physically possible to move them and to manage the airplane even if it may bend the airplane is it is better to do that than to restrict the pilot's authority and then have him guess whether or not he's in charge or the computer is in charge whatever mistakes the flight crew made that day they did succeed in their ultimate task they flew the airplane well they did an excellent job with the approach afterward they were careful with the airplane they knew the airplane had been damaged they didn't know the severity of it they were gentle with the maneuvering and yet tested enough to make sure that they wouldn't get themselves in further trouble as they made the approach to landing the one big thing they did right and one only ever needs to do one big thing is they saved the airplane and in principle that's all you ever need to do right when something happens to your airplane you need to save the airplane and you need to save the passengers and that's what they did how can you forget something like that that i survived through that so it's hard for me to to forget that i was lucky and it wasn't my time yet the pilot saved our lives he got us into it but he got us out of it and perhaps there was one other hero that day the boeing 747 itself it was put through maneuvers and stresses that far outweighed its known limits and yet despite it all the aircraft survived and landed safely [Music] [Music] you

Channel: On The Move

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Id: zw9wXHnHyLM

Length: 50min 8sec (3008 seconds)

Published: Wed Aug 17 2022