Carbon Compounds | Grade 9 Science DepEd MELC Quarter 2 Module 4

[Music] hi there in this lesson we will get to know how unique the carbon atom is the structural formulas of carbon and other atoms will show you the exact way of connecting them to each other using a short straight line known as a bond we will discuss how the structure of the carbon atom affects the types of bonded forms single bond double bond and triple bond [Music] carbon is the same element present in all living things and some non-living things such as paper coal and diamond carbon forms organic compounds with many other atoms like hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and halogens which can form complex structures [Music] the compounds which contain carbon combined with hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen and few other elements are usually called organic compounds organic compounds have low thermal stability usually decomposed easily char and burn when heated thus organic compounds have lower melting points in boiling points due to its weaker bonds which are covalent bonds salt is classified as an inorganic compound that has a higher melting point compared to sugar sugar easily melts in the presence of flame or fire and eventually changes its color to black this isn't evidence that an organic compound has a weaker bond and its chemical properties change like its color odor and taste [Music] the only distinguishable characteristic of organic compounds is that they all contain the element carbon carbon is the most common element present in all biodegradable materials it has a unique ability to bond elements together and form long chains and rings the ground state electron configuration of an atom is a description of the orbitals that the atom's electrons occupy the carbon atom with a length configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p2 has 4 electrons in its valence shell or outer shell while hydrogen with electron configuration of 1s1 has one valence electron gilbert lewis an american physical chemist discovered a covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs the lewis dot structures and other contributions to the valence bond theory have shaped modern theories of chemical bonding carbon bonds to other atoms not by losing nor gaining but by sharing its electrons the four valence electrons of carbon represent the four dots of carbon in its lewis dot structure for a hydrogen atom its valence electron is represented by one dot according to the octet rule a stable molecule results when the valence shell of eight electrons has been achieved for all atoms in a molecule for carbon to be stable having four valence electrons it needs four more four atoms of hydrogen can form four covalent bonds with carbon bonds are usually represented by a short straight line connecting the atoms with each bond representing a shared pair of electrons electron sharing occurs when two atoms approach and their atomic orbitals overlap bonds that have circular cross sections and are formed by head-on overlap of atomic orbitals are called sigma bonds bonds formed by sideways overlap of p orbitals are called pi bonds the simplest and most commonly encountered class of organic compounds are the hydrocarbons the structures of hydrocarbons affect their properties such as their physical state and boiling point there are two types of hydrocarbons saturated and unsaturated saturated hydrocarbons are called alkanes unsaturated hydrocarbons are further classified into alkenes and alkynes [Music] the international union of pure and applied chemistry has established rules in order to systematize the naming of hydrocarbon molecules first is to determine the type of bond it has next determine which type of carbon compound it is whether it is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon saturated hydrocarbons are called alkanes to name alkanes it will have the suffix in unsaturated hydrocarbons are further classified as alkene or alkyne alkenes will be named with the suffix in while alkynes will be named with a suffix iron in naming we also determine the number of carbon atoms in the compound and look for the equivalent prefix [Music] now let's combine the two concepts for naming so far for example you have determined the number of carbon atoms which is two and it is an alkane thus the hydrocarbon will be called ethane an alkene with three carbon atoms will be called propine lastly an alkyne with four carbon atoms will be called butane alkanes whose general formula cnh2n plus 2 also known as paraffins meaning low affinity are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds they are classified as saturated hydrocarbons with all carbon atoms linked by single bonds therefore for an alkane with four carbon atoms the formula would be c4h10 this is called butane butane is used in various applications including lpg in commercial and residential chemical refinery industrial petrochemical and auto fuel sectors this table will show you the hydrocarbons names and their corresponding molecular structure expanded and condensed structural formulas which are very important in understanding their individual makeup and differences you can pause the video and study it thoroughly first now let's discuss the unsaturated hydrocarbons the alkenes and alkynes [Music] alkenes also called olefins are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more double bonds as a result they contain less hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms and follow the general formula cnh2 in an alkene the formula of a three carbon atom with one double bond would be c3h6 this hydrocarbon is called propane in industry and workshops propane is used as an alternative fuel to acetylene in oxy fuel welding and cutting brazing and heating of metal for the purpose of bending [Music] lastly we have the alkynes alkynes contain one or more triple bonds they have the general formula of cnh2n minus 2. the simplest alkyne ethyne is a highly reactive molecule used in oxyacetylene torches the molecular structure would be c2h2 now let's wrap things up all organic compounds contain the element carbon carbon is the most common element present in all living things the carbon atom is a unique kind of element that has four valence electrons which enables it to form four covalent bonds with atoms of other elements and other carbon atoms there are two types of hydrocarbons saturated and unsaturated saturated hydrocarbons are called alkanes alkanes contain only a single bond and have the suffix in unsaturated hydrocarbons are further classified into alkenes and alkynes alkenes contain one or more double bonds and have the suffix in lastly alkynes contain one or more triple bonds and have the suffix iron that's all for now we will be discussing about general classes and uses of organic compounds in our next video so stay tuned see you on our next video and don't forget to keep your minds busy if you like this video please subscribe to our channel and hit the notification icon for more videos like this

Channel: The Learning Bees

Views: 88,846

Keywords: The Learning Bees, Department of Education, DepEd, MELC-Based, Most Essential Learning Competencies, Science, MELC, Grade 9, Carbon, Organic compounds, Carbon bonds, Properties of carbon compounds, Hydrocarbons, Difference between alkanes alkenes and alkynes, Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Why does sugar change to color black when heated, Lewis dot structure, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, How to name organic compounds, octet rule, electron sharing, Gilbert Lewis

Id: PME14gVSUO8

Length: 10min 53sec (653 seconds)

Published: Sat Jan 09 2021