BOLTR REDUX: YETI How it works | Enginerding Stainless Steel

don't walk like this yup this Eventide I'm a rectum fry a grievous situation aware and due to forces beyond our control BC Hydro we got the power so you don't [ __ ] we truncated our cargo Cultus postmodern deconstructionism we are gonna finish up the bolter on these because we didn't actually get him a part to see how they ditched i am admittedly reticent to cut these half and two on account of him costing me nearly fifty Canadian dollars that's after tax doll hairs as well there's a day's wages sitting in here incredibly but we got to take in my part to understand how they work before we do that though something extremely interesting this has a single lip seal appears to be made of some sort of Delrin ABS PLA something but there is some softer butylene rubber and no seam in there so they did a good job on molding not now this the way this works is this there's two layers one on the outside one on the inside they're only touching at this very spot and in betwixt the two is a vacuum nothing in there now this material vaguely vaguely magnetic so that tells us this is very likely a 304 series means lots of chromium some nickel and stuff in there but it's an Austin if you recall I went on a nerdgasm about steel previously I'm going to talk about this type of stainless steel there's three types of stainless steel austenitic ferritic and martensitic martensitic as for knives it gets very hard you can harden it the 304 series is austenitic you can't harden it but and it's not magnetic that fer etic is magnetic but look at this this is super super [ __ ] interesting man not magnetic not magnetic very magnetic not magnetic at all what is going on there let's get her cut apart and see what will come to that I need to do something prior which is show you how effective having a vacuum in between two metals is for not transferring heat so the only way you can transfer heat from the outside through the inside is it's sinking through here and into here and also through IR infrared radiation going directly from this inner outer wall to the inner wall through the vacuum through the vacuum of this thermos which is not actually a thermos but thermos has come to come to me that that double wall vacuum thing so I've got the thermocouple here we're gonna torch the [ __ ] out of this this will get red-hot well you'll see and this will also demonstrate guys we're asking why wouldn't you make this out of copper because it's very conductive and then you can cool it daddy you don't want copper because it transfers the heat to well so the heat from the outside will go to the inside stainless steel is the perfect material for this because it is a terrible conductor you see that's red hot there and that is not even warm try doing that with aluminium aluminium or copper yeah you'll have a brand instantly to the backside not even warm cool as a cucumber and the inside here 30 degrees that's just above well what is it in the shop here is probably 25 at least look at that incredible now I won't speak for you but this blows my [ __ ] mind because we're gonna use a magnet to infer what is going on here at an atomic level see magnetic now we go to the heat affected zone non-magnetic [Music] that worked out well Jesus Christ bit of a meat hook abortion I hear yet the guy could [ __ ] up sunshine but we're in likes in now to interesting really interesting enjoy is that copy short goal now can't pluck that cup of tea this thing goes on like that so that's that fancy bit just gets jammed on there friction fit and this is really cool copper dipped dipped is maybe the wrong word because it infers a painting process this is not a painting process it's an electrochemical process I was a man firmly rooted in the Newtonian world the here and now of gears and simple machines and so forth this is apostasy to me that they would copper coat this because copper coating it due to the electronegativity of the materials causes steel when you copper clad something it causes the steel to rust corrode faster all you need to do is crack that little copper barrier and it rusts all to hell so you never see this at first glance it looks as if they chintzed out because what would normally happen is they would take steel they would copper flash coat it then they would collide it with nickel and then chrome to make it super shiny and that would you know you would think that that would be the best for not allowing ir radiation to get into this surface and heat it up but but when we flip that on its head and think about it if you recall the avalanche detector thing that we took apart all that that's our a radio beacon and we took it all a part and inside everything was copper clad turns out copper is an excellent reflector of IR we hold the elusive northern British Columbian samsquanch hola como éstos dead supplies now we know and I don't know what the geez list this thing is there's a little nubbin in there and no clue we got to have a closer peek at that what in the [ __ ] snakes is that is gonna end badly never use your fingers when a tool will do what kind of new devilry is this this Trump turning are our frogs gay is this some sort of tracking device at the viewing film diametrically magnetized neo did Liam and we have a look at that not magnetic not magnetized and non-magnetized is it [ __ ] around okay some sort of ferrite bead it's gotta be security tracking Wow manufactured on the inside here what do you know I guess these are pricey items so they walk out of the store inventory control I'm assuming unless it's some sort of heat treating check or oh no it can't be moisture ingress it's yeah it's gotta be security weird no in a folder guys I'm on the stainless steel what's in here just go in a previous video I explained just mild Steel's and tool steels very briefly truncated I just go ahead and look at it I'll have a little dihydrogen monoxide here you don't don't do this at home kids rusty pipes I mean they use this for paint thinner analogies so now that you looked at that video you know that carbon is what makes a steel hard more carbon more hard that's the martensite it makes like structures and eliminates slip through gain boundaries okay anyway go back and watch that if you want to learn about how carbon affects the hardness of steel and how it forms certain types of grains now we're talking about stainless steel here so what happens is in stainless steel we have chromium and nickel and they get dissolved into the iron crystal matrix don't get freaked out stick around I'm not your professor what's trying to make himself look smarter throwing [ __ ] at you I I have a really hard time understanding what was going on so I got it figured out to where I know what's going on so I think I can't explain it in layman's terms to tell you what is going on with stainless steel recall so we measure the history I'd apologize for the interruption but I'm not sorry prioritise let's well we find ourselves at the welders blackboard with some soapstone we're gonna go over this recall in the previous video all steel we have a phase diagram here temperature and carbon content up here at temperature and it doesn't have to be melted it's solid here we have the structure that is called a ten tight gamma phase it doesn't matter as we drop in temperature here we get ferrite that's mild steel now austenite has a face centered cubic grain of crystal structure crystal lattice structure wherein it is a cube that has iron atoms at every face so on every corner and every face has an iron atom as it cools down it changes its structure to body centered cubic so we get rid of the ones in every face and we have one smack-dab in the middle of the cube the FCC austenite is non-magnetic ferrite is magnetic so what is happening is when we alloy this with nickel and chromium that displaces one of these iron atoms in the matrix so instead we have chromium now as we come down in temperature it doesn't change the ferrite it doesn't change to this crystal structure it stays in this face centered cubic which is non-magnetic so by alloying it with nickel and chromium we maintain this austenitic structure and it is non-magnetic so what is happening that the austen tight now is getting magnetic how is that possible since it has this structure that is non-magnetic well in the areas that are cold worked a lot you know the the grain structure is moving back and forth you're putting in a lot of energy that's actually changing that FCC austenitic structure back into ferrite so here we have a higher percentage of Austin tight and down here we're starting to get some ferrite which is magnetic then when we heat it up and we quench it we're bringing it back up putting energy into it and changing the structure back into this FCC which is non-magnetic now we understand the crystal structure what's going on in this 300 series stainless steel and cold working affects the magnetism does cold working affect the corrosion resistance no it doesn't because it's a totally different mechanism that provides corrosion protection and to start we're gonna have a look at loo minute what happens to aluminum okay so aluminum when you first cut it it oxidizes very rapidly but it forms an impervious oxide layer and that's it's the same stuff that's in sandpaper very hard and very well it's impervious to more oxygen so more oxygen can't get in there to oxidize the base material so what makes some materials rust oxidize some some metals rust oxidize and others not whether or not a metal will corrode is dependent on two things the first it's got to be reactive gold platinum it doesn't care its rightful of electrons it's plenty happy it doesn't want to interact with oxygen nothing else so it has to be reactive and secondly the oxide has to be a larger or smaller volume than the original crystal lattice so when you start putting oxygens on this crystal lattice it either has to be much bigger or a little bit smaller so they call that ratio it's a the pilling bet beds worth ratio and for instance this forms an oxide layer aluminum but it doesn't further corrode after its form that impervious layer it has a PB a pilling beds worth ratio of one and a quarter okay so that means that once it accepts some oxygen in there the crystal lattice is only one point to five times larger then the the underlying material so steel when you get at ferrite just regular mild steel that has a PB ratio iron oxide three have like two and a quarter to will say two so what that means is the oxide is a lot bigger than the underlying material it can't hold together and flakes off there's too much stress there for it to attach itself to the base metal so what happens if the PB ratio is less than one the oxide is smaller crystal than the underlying metal it's porous and that allows more oxygen to get in underneath it so there's a Goldilocks effect there the the ratio of the underlying material to oxide you want that to be right around maximum like 1.5 as it happens chromium and nickel they're oxides are 1.5 times larger in volume than the underlying crystal and that is why when you put chromium and nickel in steel it is corrosion resistant because when it corrodes it forms an impervious layer that is not under so much mechanical strain stress that it flies off for there fluffs off hold on now you're saying to yourself but this will corrode for instance in your barbecue the the burner is stainless steel 300 series and it corrodes like hell why is that well there's still corrosion in this under certain conditions and in your barbecue you have oxygen and high heat so instead of chromium oxide which has a PB ratio of 1.6 now you get chromium oxide three four oxygens in there three four chromium's in that crystal lattice structure totally different it's a different beast altogether and the PB ratio was more like four and a half so that makes the chromium slough off because it can't hold on it's too it's grown too big to stay in contact with the base metal fluffs off that's why also there's another corrosion mechanism carbon pick up so if this if you pierce this impervious layer because it is a mechanical barrier if you pierce this impervious layer with carbon or ferrite regular steel or salt chlorides it will form a little tiny corrosion cell and you'll get corrosion so that is why guys that have these that are getting spots corrosion spots you've either pierced the impervious layer with a hot spark or with a screwdriver or with salt and we're going to test that I'm going to show you exactly how that works now chlorine will set the table no fair right now if I the right holy terror of Sullivan's dihydrogen monoxide had a little left over it only takes so much of this at a time [Music] that's gonna set up a corrosion cell you need this as an electrolyte to allow the electrons to form a circuit

Channel: AvE

Views: 1,151,573

Keywords: Yeti, camping, cooler, best, review, test, experiment, stainless, steel, how it works, 304, why, austenite, rust, corrosion, engineering, metal, mechanic, mechanical

Id: zVPLX6LY5HM

Length: 19min 50sec (1190 seconds)

Published: Sat Sep 09 2017