Blood Types Explained | Blood Groups (ABO) and Rh Factor Nursing Transfusions Compatibility

this is cereth registered nurse ari and calm and in this video i'm gonna be going over blood typing specifically the blood groups and Rh factor and as always at the end of this youtube video you can access the free quiz that will test you on blood typing so let's get started in nursing we transfuse blood so before we do that we have to take some steps before we can actually transfuse a patient with a pack of red blood cells we have to type and cross-match them so we draw their blood send it to the lab the lab determines what blood type the patient is are they a or they be are they a B or o also what's their Rh factor is it positive or negative then they will cross match that with a potential donor to look and see what type of blood type our patient can receive and it'd be compatible because if they don't receive blood that they're compatible with they can die they can have a transfusion reaction and in the next video I'm gonna be going over the nurses role with blood transfusions so be sure to check out that video so let's talk about blood what is blood blood is that red substance inside of our veins and it's really interesting because inside of it there are special cells that help us survive okay so in our blood we have plasma and suspended in that plasma we have white blood cells that fight infection platelets which help us clot and red blood cells which helps us do variety of things like transport oxygen throughout our body and help remove that carbon dioxide so we can be so we can exhale it through our lungs so of course here we're concentrating on red blood cells now everyone has a unique blood type whenever we're talking about the blood typing there are eight different blood types and they come from the four blood groups and of course like I said you can have a blood B blood a B or o and the eight comes from where you can be a positive or a negative B positive be negative and so forth and that's again determined by the Rh factor now whenever we're looking at blood types and we're trying to just Herman okay what's our patient compatible with say they have a what kind of blood can they receive we have to understand the concepts between antigens and antibodies because if we can understand that then it's so easy to determine what a person can receive with a certain blood type so let's look at these two okay so water antigens antigens are proteins that are found on the surface of a red blood cell and depending on what type of blood you have will depend on what type of antigen you have on your red blood cell but patients who have Type O they have no antigens on their surface which is why Type O can be the universal donor they can donate to everyone because they have no antigens present on the red blood cell so keep that in mind now if we have Type A what kind of antigens do you think they're going to have on the red blood cell they're gonna have a and here a moment we're gonna go through all the blood types and you can see their antigens now let's talk about antibodies okay antimony x' they protect our body from invaders and whatever we're talking about antibodies and this we're talking about what's found in the plasma surrounding the red blood cell and the antibodies are always going to be the opposite of what type of antigen is found on the red blood cells so if we have type A blood here that have eight antigens what type of antibodies do you think they're going to have floating around in the plasma they're gonna have type B because we don't want the same antigen and antibody getting together because if that happens our red blood cell will die it will become a tap so they have the opposite now let's talk about situation where a patient receives like the wrong type of blood and you give this antigen-antibody reaction okay so we have type A blood over here this is our patient so they have a antigen and they have B antibodies in their plasma so let's say we have a donor and we give them type B blood okay what type of antigen is on the B donors blood B antigens okay so we're going to transfuse them to the a well once those red blood cells with the B antigens enter into that patient's blood because they have B antibodies floating around these B antibodies are going to go up here because they match up and they're going to attack that red blood cell that this patient just received and it's going to cause a process called agglutination and this is where those red blood cells are going to clump together you're gonna have lysis of them and it's going to start a transfusion reaction which can lead to death so before we go any further let's look at each individual blood type and with the engines and their antibodies okay we'll start with Type A we just went over this type a has the a antigen and in the plasma they have the B antibodies okay Type B they have B antigens on their red blood cell surface and surrounding the plasma they have a antibodies in them okay type a B would have both a and B antigens on the surface of the red blood cell but they have no antibodies in their plasma so that will make the a B type the universal recipient because they can receive all these other blood types because they don't have those antibodies in their plasma to attack those red blood cells in Type O like I said they have no antigens on their surface however they have both a and B antibodies in their plasma so Type O can donate to everyone because they have no antigens but they can only receive blood from other type OS because they have both that a and B antibody present in their blood now let's dissect each blood group and see who can donate and you can receive from who so let's start out talking about people who have type A blood okay people who have type A blood what type of antigen did they have on their surface they had a in their plasma what type of antibodies and they have floating around B remember it's always opposite so first let's talk about recipient who can type people would type a receive blood from well we know they can receive blood from people like themselves so that's one off the bat so they can receive from other type AIDS okay who is a candidate we need to look for someone who doesn't match our antibodies they have B antibodies so we don't need someone who has a red blood cell surface antigen with a B because when they get together and they will attack so B is completely out they have B antigens a B's out they have the antigens as well oh I was good because o has nothing that's why we call oh the universal donor so oh now let's see who type a can donate to of course a person with type A can donate to other type AIDS and whenever we're looking at the other types we're going to have to pay attention to the antigen on the surface of the red blood cell okay so type AIDS they have a antigens so we don't want to give take their blood and give it to someone who has a antibodies in their plasma so B it's out they have a antibodies in their plasma a b's not because they don't have any antibodies in their plasma so a B is definitely someone they can give blood too can they give it to a person with oh no O's out because they have both a and B antibodies in their blood now let's look at people with type B blood what was on their surface again B antigens what was surrounding their plasma the antibodies we had a antibodies because it's always the opposite so who they receive blood from other bees and we are looking for a person who doesn't have a antigens on their surface because they have a antibodies in their blood so could they receive a blood no there's an a antigen on that red blood cell surface can they receive a B blood no there's a antigens on that surface can they receive oh yes Oh has no antigens on that on their surface so being knows who they can receive from now who can they donate to of course they can donate to other B's and what we're paying attention to is because b has B antigens we need to give the give their blood to someone who doesn't have B antibodies so can't give it to a can we give it to a B absolutely they have no antibodies in their plasma so a B can we give them give it to oh no oh has both a and B antibodies in their plasma so they're not a candidate now let's look at patients with type a B blood okay on the red blood cell surface what type of antigens do they have they had a antigens and B antigens but they're unique they have no antibodies in their plasma so recipient what do we say about a B at the beginning lecture there are the universal recipient because they have no antibodies in here so it doesn't matter what type of surface antigen that are on these red blood cells there's no antibodies in there to attack so they can receive from everyone including themselves so we're going to say recipient of all now donate donates a little bit of a different story with the AV types because they have both surface antigens of a and B and O they have a and B antibodies so they can't donate to oh they can't donate to B because b has a antibodies and they can't do a because they have B antibodies so they can only donate to other abies now let's look at patients with type O blood they had no antigens on their surface which makes them the universal donor but in their plasma the antibodies they had both a and B so that puts them in a little bit of a dilemma being especially the recipient because can they receive any blood from anyone no because they have both a and B antibodies and all these either have a antigens or B antigens so they can only donate and be a recipient of themselves other OHS donate wise they're good they can donate to everyone because they have no antigens on their surface that's going to cause an immune response in these other types so they donate to everyone all now let's look at Rh factor okay this is another thing that we have to take in consideration before we transfuse a patient so you have to match their blood type but you also have to see if they have these Rh factors present on the surface of the red blood cells and if these factors are present on the red blood cell that means that they are Rh positive if they're not present that means that there are H negative so let's look at each blood group so you can have a positive and right here we have the Rh factors present on the surface so this is a positive here we have a type blood cell that's a has the eight antigens but it does not have the Rh factor so it's a negative and then B the Rh factors are present so they're B positive here they are not so they're B negative and again it's the same over here a B positive because they have the Rh factors present they don't here so they're a B negative oh remember they have no surface antigens at all but they if they have the R factor present and they'll be o+ if they don't have it present they'll be o-negative so what's the deal okay if a person has a positive or a chapter they can receive both positive and negative blood however if they are Rh negative they can only receive other Rh negative blood so let's do a quiz okay so let's say our patient needs two units of packed red blood cells and we know our patients type and they are a positive what type of blood can they receive okay so you need to be thinking hey they're Rh factor is positive and what did we say that they can receive they can receive both positive and negative blood so they're candidates for that now we have to think back to what we just went over what type of blood can ace receive well we know they can receive from other AIDS okay so they can receive A's now what options are you gonna select on the test you're gonna select a positive and a negative so don't forget that so they can receive blood from an a positive and a negative now what else can they receive well remember the people with type A blood to have eight antigens on their surface what was in their plasma B antibodies so we don't want to give them blood with someone who's gonna have a surface antigen on the red blood cell that's a because it'll cause a reaction so B's not a candidate a B's not a candidate because it has both a and B antigens but oh sure is a candidate because they have no antigens on their surface so they can receive oh they can also receive a positive and O Negative so those would be our answers now let's flip it around and let's say our patient was a negative instead of a positive what could they receive now cuz that changes things a little bit because if they're negative Rh factor they can only receive other Rh negative factor blood so they could only receive a neg in Onaga they can receive a positive or a positive okay so that wraps up this video on blood typing thank you so much for watching don't forget to take the free quiz and to subscribe to our channel for more videos

Channel: RegisteredNurseRN

Views: 1,283,685

Keywords: blood typing, blood typing made easy, blood typing lab, blood typing test, blood typing explained, blood typing nursing, blood groups and blood types, blood groups explained, blood groups and transfusions, blood groups video, abo blood types explained, abo blood group system, abo blood typing, abo blood group, blood transfusion, blood transfusion nursing, blood type compatibility, blood types and rh factor

Id: 0aQ21iwx9cA

Length: 15min 14sec (914 seconds)

Published: Sat Mar 17 2018