This video is made possible by Brilliant. You'll learn more about Brilliant later in
todays video, but if you would like to learn more about them right now, go to Brilliant.org/biographics. You'll also find a link in the description
below! Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding
Fathers of the United States. Every single American has been taught the
stories of his accomplishments since elementary school, and it’s hard to go anywhere in
the US without eventually being reminded of Ben Franklin. In Philadelphia, there is the Ben Franklin
Bridge, Franklin Institute, and statues of his likeness all over the city. His face is also on the one hundred dollar
bill. There was so much respect for him in the US,
that saying anything negative is practically treasonous. But on today’s Biographics, we aren’t
going to hold back on all of the details on how Ben Franklin was and more than a bit of
a mad lad. Early Life Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17,
1706 in Boston, Massachusetts. His father, Josiah Franklin, came to the colonies
in 1682 from Northamptonshire, and he made candles and soap for a living. Josiah Franklin fathered 16 children. He had 7 with his first wife, Anne Child,
in England and 9 with his second wife, Abiah Folger, once he came to America. As you can imagine, raising 17 children on
a candle maker’s salary wasn’t easy. Money was incredibly tight in their household. Ben Franklin went to grammar school for just
two years, before he had to leave to work in his father’s candle business. Ben Franklin’s parents were so poor, they
sold him into indentured servitude to their oldest son James. In case you weren’t aware of how indentured
servitude works, Ben Franklin was an unpaid slave to his own brother until his labor repaid
the debt. James started his own printmaking business
and published a newspaper called the New England Courant. Ben’s free room and board also counted against
him, as well. For most of his younger years, he was not
allowed to earn an income. Franklin tried to earn money by starting a
side-hustle. He used the printers to self-publishing his
writing. Then, he would stand in the middle of the
streets and recite his ballads and poems out loud, trying to sell paper copies to people
who passed by. However, he was a novice without a proper
education, so this was never enough income to support him. Franklin tried to get married at age 19 to
a woman named Deborah Read. At the time, when a man got married, they
received a dowry from the woman’s father, which would have helped him pay off his debt. At first, he thought they could live together
with Read’s parents, but once her father found out that Franklin was an indentured
servant, he retracted his permission for the two of them to marry. After rejecting Ben Franklin, Deborah Read’s
parents arranged a marriage for her to a man named John Rogers. However, it turns out that Franklin wasn’t
the only one who was eying Deborah’s dowry. Rogers lied about having a job, and he was
actually unemployed. He spent all of the money, and got them both
into a massive amount of debt. One of John Roger’s friends from England
came to visit, and was shocked to see that he had a wife, because he was already legally
married back in the UK. After being exposed, John Rogers jumped in
the next boat back to England. Obviously, this was a disaster, and Deborah
Read could not get a divorce, because he wasn’t around to sign the paperwork. Meanwhile, Ben Franklin was enjoying his life
as a bachelor. In his autobiography, he wrote about what
sounds like a sex addiction; "The hard-to-be-governed passion of my youth had hurried me frequently
into intrigues with low women that fell in my way." By the time Ben Franklin and Deborah Read
reunited, he had gotten another woman pregnant out of wedlock. He showed up with a baby, who he called William. No one knows the identity of this mystery
woman, or why she abandoned their child. Deborah Read was just happy to have Franklin
back, and she agreed to help raise William. Since Read never got a divorce, they could
not legally get married. The went on to have two more children together,
and live as common law husband and wife. Moving on Up
Once Benjamin Franklin completed his sentence of servitude, it only made sense for him to
take everything he learned from his brother James and open up his own printing businesses. In order to accomplish that, he had to travel
to England to purchase expensive printing equipment, and sail back to Boston. Franklin was still broke, but he was able
to get an investor to help with the startup costs. However, once he was in London, his investor
backed out, leaving him stranded. Franklin managed to get back to the United
States, but he decided to leave Boston in favor of Philadelphia. He began printing The Pennsylvania Gazette
in 1728. He didn’t waste any time making friends,
and joined a group called The Junto Club. Together, they established a library similar
to what was already available to the public back in England. Even though the Junto Club was already getting
this project together, Franklin would often claim that he was the one to create the first
library in the United States all by himself. That lie has been circulated so many times,
it has even found its way into history books. Another one of the achievements that Ben Franklin
is mistakenly credited for is publishing the first Almanack in the United States. His Poor Richard’s Almanack premiered in
1733, and it became the second most printed book besides the Bible. However, he actually stole this idea, and
took all of the credit yet again. The Leeds Family of New Jersey had been publishing
a Farmer’s Almanack since 1689, which was 17 years before Ben Franklin was even born. Franklin saw that their business was thriving,
and he decided that he wanted to steal the business model. But the Leeds family was already far more
established and popular than he was. Young Franklin didn’t stand a chance...That
is, until he decided to destroy the entire family’s reputation. Ben Franklin began a rumor that the family’s
patriarch, Titan Leeds, was a satanist, and he published a prediction that he would die
in 1733. Franklin also went on to publish more defamatory
stories about the Leeds family in the Philadelphia Gazette. Just two years later, in 1735, a story spread
that “Mother Leeds” gave birth to a hideous demonic creature called The Jersey Devil. This permanently ruined their reputations
to the point where the family business could not recover. So you might be wondering, why didn’t the
Leeds family sue the hell out of Ben Franklin? Right around the same time, the US courts
had decided that newspapers and print publications should have “freedom of speech”, even
if the words they printed could not be proven to be true. This idea is what eventually developed into
The First Amendment in the US Constitution. Journalists were put on a pedestal of having
a high degree of ethics, and most people trusted that they would do their due-diligence before
printing a story. Just a few years later, in 1737, Ben Franklin
got the job as Postmaster General of Philadelphia. The postal system in the colonies was already
run by The British Crown Post. It was common for the major newspaper publisher
of each city to be in charge of the mail, since they were already delivering papers
to subscribers. According to the historic records from the
US Postal Service, Franklin could choose to not delivery any competing newspapers. This essentially gave him a monopoly over
information being sent throughout Philadelphia. Keep in mind that at the time, Philadelphia
was the largest city, and it was also the nation’s capital. With this tremendous amount of power, he could
make people believe anything he wanted. Now just before we get into some of Franlins
less than original inventions, let me tell you a bit about Brilliant. Brilliant are a science learning platform
that allow you to learn through "active learning". Which, summed up is basically the opposite
of that feeling of reading a complex paragraph about some principle, and just having absolutely
no clue what on earth it was going on about... Even on the 10th read through... And it's not just the basics (although they
cover that), it goes all the way through to things like complex statistics. Now, you've heard me talk a bunch about Brilliant
if you're a regular viewer, and I think there a perfect fit for this channel, because hey,
you're watching a 20 minute educational video on YouTube... You're probably into learning, and perhaps,
if I might be so bold, smarter content than a lot of YouTube. Recently Brilliant made an important update
to their mobile app so that courses can now be accessed offline, so you don't have to
worry about having a solid internet connection to learn things through their platform. Maybe that means you can spend your commute
learning something, or indeed just wherever or whenever you want. Brilliant makes even complex concepts easy
to understand. They give you something super short to read,
it's easy, and then you immediately apply it to a problem. Rinse and repeat and suddenly you are understanding
all sort of stuff you didn't think you would be! All courses are totally ineractive, so you
can learn probablility by playing a game of blackjack, or learn the physics of motion
using interactive models of pendulum clocks! So if you want to support Biographics and
get unlimited access to all of Brilliants in-depth math and science courses, you can
head over to brilliant.org/biographics to get 20% off their annual Premium subscription. And let's get back to Franklin... His Not-So-Original Inventions
You’ve probably heard that Ben Franklin “discovered” electricity. As the story goes, he went outside with a
key tied to a kite string during a lightning storm. Many modern-day historians now believe that
this story was a work of fiction. Other scientists were already experimenting
with electricity years before he did. Peter Collinson was actually the man who showed
Ben Franklin a functioning electricity tube, which sparked his interest in science. After this point, Franklin began his own experiments
with electricity. However, keep in mind that he only had two
years of elementary school education, and was self-taught through reading books. Unlike Peter Collinson, Franklin had no knowledge
of physics. He was so clueless, he published information
that electricity was actually a “fluid”. Despite not really knowing what he was talking
about, Ben Franklin made a huge public spectacle about “his” discovery of electricity. He decided to demonstrate how he could stop
a turkey’s heart with electric shock... Because that’s not creepy, or anything. Then, he wanted to cook the entire turkey
with electrocution as well. But in the midsts of trying to demonstrate
this, he actually electrocuted himself and passed out on the floor in front of a crowd
of people. Instead of realizing that Ben Franklin was
inexperienced, people were still very impressed. He earned a reputation of being a scientist. He went on to supposedly invent several other
things like the Franklin Stove, which was actually a copy of the design of the fireplace
at the Louvre in Paris. And the College of Optometrists has serious
doubts that he actually invented the bifocal eyeglasses. The list of examples goes on and on. The deeper you research, the more you realized
that Ben Franklin may not have invented anything, and that all of his ideas most likely came
from books and people he met. He never filed a single patent or copyright. In his autobiography, he claimed that he chose
not to do this because he was such a great guy, and wanted to share these brilliant ideas
with the world without profiting from it. In reality, if he filed a patent for something
that wasn’t actually his, it was just asking to be sued. Even though he never made any money from these
inventions, Benjamin Franklin was still a successful businessman. By the time he was in his 40’s, his employees
were running the newspaper without him, and he was able to focus on his position as the
Postmaster General. He would travel around the country for public
speaking engagements with members of the British Parliament. When he was 51 years old, Benjamin Franklin
moved to England in order to negotiate on behalf of the colonists of Pennsylvania. Franklin spent the next several years living
in London with his son William. He began to make friends with members of the
British aristocracy. This lead him to become apart of a group called
The Hellfire Club, which was a secret society of upper-class men who liked to discuss philosophy,
politics, and the occult. Members met at empty monasteries and churches
to hold black masses and orgies. According to records, the members wore robes
similar to monks, and tried to perform magic spells. There were 36 separate allegations that Ben
Franklin was indeed apart of The Hellfire Club under the code name “Brother Benjamin
of Cookham”. There is also a significant amount of evidence
in the form of letters written by Franklin that proves he was very good friends with
the founder, Sir Francis Dashwood. Despite the overwhelming amount of evidence,
many American historians have tried to make up excuses for him, and deny his involvement. Ben Franklin’s private life was even darker
than we can ever imagine. In 1998, a group was attempting to renovate
his house in London, when they discovered the bones of at least 15 people buried in
his basement- John Wayne Gacy style. Six of those bodies were young children. There was even one baby. The bones showed signs that they had been
dissected, with their limbs chopped and drilled to make them easier to carry down to the crawlspace. Historians were baffled by this scene that
clearly looked like the work of a serial killer. They scrambling to find a rational explanation
as to why their beloved Founding Father would have done this. They decided to blame it on William Hewson,
who was a friend of Franklin’s. Hewson was studying blood, and he became known
as the “father of hematology”. At the time, it was illegal for doctors to
dissect cadavers, because it was considered to be disrespectful, and it went against Christian
beliefs in burial rites. But doctors and scientists continued to do
so in the name of science. There are no documentation proving that this
theory about an anatomy school is true, and it is simply speculation. If Hewson truly was responsible for this,
it would still make Ben Franklin complicit in grave robbing. Some historians are quick to jump to Franklin’s
defense, saying that it’s possible that he had no idea that William Hewson had done
this. But if we learned anything from the story
of John Wayne Gacy, the smell of 15 bodies in the windowless basement would have been
so overwhelming, there is no way Franklin could miss it. Benjamin Franklin moved back to the colonies
in 1775 during the breakout of the Revolutionary War. His son William Franklin publicly announced
his loyalty to England, and was banished from ever returning to the colonies again. So he continued living in London. Even though he publically supported the Americans,
it would seem that Ben and his son were actually on the same page. Author and historian Richard Deacon wrote
a book called A History of the British Secret Service, where he presents compelling evidence
that Ben Franklin was working as a double agent “Number 72”. When he returned to the colonies, the Americans
believed that he was giving them vital information about England to help in the war effort. But Deacon discovered that The British Archives
actually had copies of every single transmission. In reality, Franklin was only telling the
Americans what the British wanted them to hear. In 1776, The American Revolutionary war was
won, and the British colonies became The United States. The Declaration of Independence was created
by a committee of five men, with Thomas Jefferson being the main writer. According to the Franklin Institute, Ben Franklin’s
only contribution was to check for spelling errors. Even though he was secretly spying for England,,
Franklin was happy to take some of the glory. He made his signature on the Declaration of
Independence nearly as large and obnoxious as John Hancock’s. Just one month later, he wanted to move back
to Europe. He left the colonies to become the new American
Ambassador of France. Partying Hard in France
In 1777, Ben Franklin began his new life to Paris. At this point, he was a celebrity, and it
was well-known that he was one of the American Founding Fathers. The French had helped during the American
Revolution, so the excitement of the victory was still in the air. People were also invested in reading the stories
about everyone involved. The French Revolution was only just a few
years away, in 1789. French women thought these stories were exciting,
and they imagined American men to be brave and heroic. Even at 71 years old, Ben Franklin had no
problem impressing the ladies with his stories, and he started living his best life. At this point, he no longer had any filter. He began to earn a reputation for being gluttonous,
lecherous, and partying really hard. When John Adams went to visit Franklin in
Paris, he came back disgusted by how he was wasting taxpayer dollars on his new extravagant
lifestyle. Thomas Jefferson also wrote about Franklin,
''I have marked him particularly in the company of women where he loses all power over himself
and becomes almost frenzied.” Even though the Founding Fathers were trying
to get Franklin to check himself before he wrecked himself, he responded to all of his
haters by writing this poem: “So thô I robb'd you of a Kiss,
Sweeter than their ambrosial Dew; Why are you angry at my Bliss? Has it at all impov'rish'd you?” This wild lifestyle wasn’t just reserved
for private parties, though. Franklin’s next door neighbor was a wealthy
businessman named Monsieur Brillon de Jouy, and his wife, Madame Brillon, was a famous
harpsichord player. Just like many of the other French women,
Madame Brillon thought that Franklin was very impressive, and they began to have an affair. She was in her 30’s, and she didn’t seem
to mind that Franklin was in his 70’s. For some strange reason, Franklin thought
it was necessary to make Madame Brillon sign a contract on the terms of their affair. Apparently, Monsieur Brillon had absolutely
no idea that Franklin was sleeping with his wife, because he was invited over to dinner
at their house twice a week. There were a countless number of affairs with
other women, including the widow of the famous philosopher Helvétius, Anne-Catherine de
Ligniville. His common law wife, Deborah Read, had already
passed away. So, he proposed to Madame Helvétius. She declined, claiming that she was still
in love with her late husband, and she felt that it would be disrespectful to his memory. Unfortunately, though, Ben Franklin probably
didn’t restrain himself until after Debrah’s death to have affairs. When he was 39 years old, he wrote a letter
to a young man who wanted advice on how to deal with a sex addiction. Franklin recommended that he should start
having secret affairs with older women, because they were more experienced, discrete, and
willing to treat younger men very well. He also mentions that after menopause, “there
is no hazard of children”. When you go through all of the very specific
details he gives in that letter, it’s obvious that Franklin was speaking from experience. After the other Founding Fathers saw his true
colors, word began to spread that Franklin was actually a lecherous old man. Most people felt that this was acceptable,
considering all of his other accomplishments. And, of course, he came up with excuses for
his poor behavior. In one of his essays, he wrote that he developed
a method of trying to see if it was possible for a human being to actually achieve perfection. His list of 13 virtues were as follows: Temperance,
silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness,
tranquility, and chastity. Franklin claims that he would make attempts
to improve his personality, only to realize that the harder he tried to be good at one
thing, he would begin to lack in other aspects of his life. He concluded that it’s not possible for
someone to ever be “perfect”. So...if you can’t be perfect, why even try
to become a good person, right? Death, and Legacy
For the rest of Benjamin Franklin’s life, he continued to indulge in whatever he wanted. He eventually contracted a painful condition
known as the gout, which usually only happens from drinking too much alcohol and eating
the wrong things. During his recovery, he wrote a fake conversation
with his disease. Through this, we find out that in his later
years, the only exercise he got in a day was the walk from his carriage to restaurant,
and back again. The rest of his time was spent lounging around
drinking tea, eating, reading books, and spending time with the ladies. Benjamin Franklin died at the ripe old age
of 84. Contrary to popular belief, he did not have
syphilis, which is a miracle, considering that he slept with nearly everything that
moved. He had pleurisy when he died, which is a disease
of the lung. For years after his death, the only evidence
that people cared about Ben Franklin’s legacy came from his self-published autobiography. They believed everything he said, and took
his word as gospel. The hero worship of Benjamin Franklin is now
ingrained in American history. People want to believe that this genius polymath
was one of the masterminds behind the founding of the nation, and Americans became proud
to have him represent their country. Whether you love him or hate him, there is
no denying that he made an impact. Today, there are statues, museums, libraries,
schools, and entire towns named after Benjamin Franklin in the United States. If he were alive to see all of this today,
he would probably smile, because just like everything else in his life, he got exactly
what he wanted.
