Basic Voltage and Safety Measurements on an Air Conditioner

hey i'm brian with hvac school and in this really really quick video i'm going to show you how to use a multimeter on an air conditioning condensing unit for some of the most basic measurements we do now the first thing whenever we're going to work on any electrical make sure you wear your safety glasses shut off the disconnect and then test to make sure that each leg has no voltage to ground first our display should show next to no voltage at all because the disconnect is pulled i'm going to first measure to a known voltage source just to make sure my meter is working from outside to outside and as you can see it's measuring 212 volts now i'm going to measure going to the unit and as you can see i have zero but i still want to confirm that i have zero to ground when i get inside the appliance just to be safe with the power safely off now i can remove the electrical panel to gain access to all of the electrical components now we're going to do a safety check from each of our incoming lines here this is l1 and l2 coming in to ground to make sure that we don't measure any voltage i only use measurements from hot to ground for a safety test i don't use them for diagnostic purposes this is because these measurements can give you a false reading when you have a back feed situation such as in the case of when a disconnector breaker only has one leg connecting so safety to ground yes for diagnostic purposes generally not unless you're doing an ohm test to ground now once again before you use a voltmeter it's a good idea to just double check by putting your meter in the ohm scale touching your leads together and confirming that you have continuity this means that there's a path from one tip to the other tip of the meter lead let's take a look at the wiring diagram case of our schematic ladder diagram you can see this is our ground reference this is our l1 coming into the contactor as well as our l2 coming into the other side of the contactor we check these to each other to confirm for 240 volts for a safety check we check from here to ground as well as from here to ground to ensure that we don't have any potential that could cause an electrical shock in the case of this contactor it only has a single pole which means as this switch opens it shuts off the entire unit we can check for voltage drop across that point and it will measure the total applied voltage when the contactor is de-energized and it should show next to no voltage drop when the contactor is energized just to identify quickly the components that we're looking at right now this is the contactor which is our main switch and as you can see it's already pulled in by a 24 volt electromagnet on the underside which means that we have 24 volts applied across our contactor this comes from our inside transformer and thermostat let's go ahead and just show this measurement whenever you have an energized load you should read nearly the full applied voltage across it and as you can see we have 24.7 volts across this contactor coil which is exactly what we would expect this is our run capacitor in order to measure the microfarad reading of our run capacitor we could either do it while the system is running by using some basic math that we show how to use inside the hvac school app or we could disconnect the wires make sure that it had no stored charge by jumping across it with a resistor and then measure the microfarads every capacitor is going to have a microfarad reading on the data tag and the easiest way to do it is simply to disconnect the terminals and measure from c to herm and then c to fan on the dual run capacitor for your measurement and now we're going to use our meter leads in order to check our incoming voltage as well as our voltage coming out of the top of the contactor which is how you would confirm that you have potential difference being applied to the loads now obviously we can see that our fan is running and we can hear our compressor running so we know there is voltage applied but this is how you would do this measurement as you can see we have 212 volts going into l1 and l2 we have 212 volts coming out of l1 and l2 a common mistake that technicians make is they attempt to measure across a switch the voltage that's shown here of 0.3 volts is the voltage drop across the switch and it's too small to even be accurately measured it would be the same as taking our two meter leads and putting them in exactly the same position on the contactor there's no potential difference between these two points so i'm not going to get a measurement between them when i measure across the switch or at the same point we'll do the same thing here and show you it would only show a reading if we had a significant voltage drop so now you can see we have 214 volts at the bottom of the contactor like we would expect but we measure nothing at the top but that's not true that we have nothing and this is where the safety test comes in if i measure from here to ground now you'll see that i still have significant voltage present there so this would be a diagnostic test to show that there's no potential difference across these points because one of the legs is open but we still have 120 volts present now our contactor coil is pulled out you can see this position is now further out because the electromagnets release because i've unhooked the 24 volt so now coming into the contactor we have 214 volts and coming out now we read nothing because there's an open path because this is no longer allowing any potential through the contacts but this is still not a safe circuit because if i measure from here you'll see i still have 123 volt and even on the other side i show 123 volts because it back feeds through the compressor back to this point so a safety check is always to ground to ensure that you don't have any potential now because this contact is open i can measure across it and there will be a potential difference across these two points where before there was no potential difference again one more time now you see the contactor is pulled in and now there's no voltage drop or potential difference across these two points 212 volts coming in 212 volts going out which is what you'll show on a running unit you'll also show a slightly higher voltage when you measure in between common or the c terminal on your capacitor and your herm terminal you'll see we have 295 volts that's the voltage incoming plus some back electromotive force being generated by the motor that we see on the capacitor we can use that calculation as well as our current from our herm terminal in order to calculate the capacitance on our capacitor while the system is running that's it thanks for watching thanks for watching our video if you enjoyed it and got something out of it if you wouldn't mind hitting the thumbs up button to like the video subscribe to the channel and click the notifications bell to be notified when new videos come out hvac school is far more than a youtube channel you can find out more by going to hvacrschool.com which is our website and hub for all of our content including tech tips videos podcasts and so much more you can also subscribe to the podcast on any podcast app of your choosing you can also join our facebook group if you want to weigh in on the conversation yourself thanks again for watching [Music] you

Channel: HVAC School

Views: 154,842

Keywords: air conditioner voltage, voltage hvac, hvac voltage meter, Safety Measurements, Basic Voltage, hvac school, hvac safety, air conditioner, bryan orr, hvac basics, hvac basics fundamentals, hvac training videos, voltage measurement techniques, hvac troubleshooting, hvac basics training, measure voltage multimeter, hvac safety video, electrical engineering, hvac apprentice tips, high voltage safety, volt meter, Voltmeter, hvac, ac power consumption, how to, air Conditioner

Id: oUhWrOkLjxM

Length: 7min 51sec (471 seconds)

Published: Tue Apr 13 2021