Attorney General William Barr on Religious Liberty

[Applause] good afternoon everybody thank you for being here my name is Bill Kelly I'm a member of the faculty here at the law school and am a member of the executive advisory board of the to Nikolas center for ethics and culture and on behalf of Dean Marcus Cole and the director of the center professor Carter Sneed we are very very excited in privilege to welcome you today to today's event it's not often that we have the privilege of the presence of the Attorney General of the United States and we look very much forward to his remarks today a couple of notes about the format of today's event there will be a pause about halfway through as we transition from the attorney general's prepared remarks to a conversation between him and my friend and colleague Notre Dame Law Professor Roger Alfred please remain seated during this time as guests who leave the courtroom will not be readmitted another reminder please no photography or videography during this event and finally in the spirit of Dean Cole's message this week to the law school community we remind you to please be respectful of our speaker and our guests today if there are disruptions you will be asked to sit and possibly to leave the courtroom it's now my pleasure to introduce Tom you new Qi who will be introducing today's guest Thomas you knew Qi is litigation partner in the Washington DC office of the law firm Kirkland Ellis he is chair emeritus of the Kirkland firm-wide executive management committee he was a member of that committee since 1995 and served the maximum three terms as chair of the firm's committee beginning in 2001 when the position was created he is an adjunct professor of trial advocacy at Georgetown University Law Center for our purposes today it's important to note that he is a double domer one of our most distinguished alumni and a longtime great friend to many at this Law School and we're enormous ly grateful for his friendship and support over the years so I will get out of the way now Tom you knew Qi [Applause] Thank You bill it's great to be back as he mentioned I spent seven years here in South Bend and I see the weather hasn't changed at all it's just just like I remember it gray wet and usually cold but anyway it's great to be back and it's also given me a chance to spend a little bit time with bill we used to get together in most weekends but last couple of weeks he's been tied up I don't know what he's up to but it's apparently he's got other things that are more important but let me tell you a little bit about Bill I mean we all know him in terms of his status as the Attorney General but you know he was born in Manhattan raised there he went to the local parochial school he then went to the prestigious Horace Mann School where he took the subway back and forth to his classes he then enrolled at Columbia where both of his parents taught at various points in time his major was Chinese studies and we're contemporaries and I can tell you in 69 through 71 nobody majored in Chinese studies but bill did because he thought then they might be our enemy so he was prescient in terms of his major it's a hard road to go when he laughed he came to the CIA in Washington and worked as an analyst and his mother a time you need to get a profession so he enrolled at night school at GW and when he graduated he clerked in the DC Circuit for Malcolm welke and then he joined private practice after doing that for a while he was in the Reagan White House and as you know he was also a department justice and he was unanimously confirmed for three different positions at justice a different time you know for Office of Legal Counsel Deputy Attorney General and the Attorney General from there he went into private practice for a short while and then in telecommunications for about 15 years notably being the general counsel of horizon in New York City for several years I didn't recruited him back to Kirkland but he only lasted six months because he said he couldn't stand to see his blackberry vibrate and he wasn't used to keeping his time in 15-minute segments so he left us and he joined boards we remain close friends and then again to come back to Kirkland in 17 but he left when for the third or fourth time he was asked by the the Trump administration to serve and he took that job now that's what he's done it's quite a bit but this is who he is he's a person of deep faith in his faith is fully informed by reason and the teachings of the church he loves the debate Augustine principles Thomas any of the early church leaders he is an informed committed Catholic in the best sense of the word he engages in his faith and it's a central part of who he is he also is a bit of a polymath you know Bill is an expert on everything and I've told people who've gone to work for him recently the one thing you need to know about Bill is he has a strong opinion about everything and it could range from the color you should paint your office to what kind of mustard you should have on your hamburger there's only one kind and he'll tell you what it is but I travel with him once to Scotland and we were in a some Lodge by one of the locks over there and we were having dinner and he's looking around and I said what's up man he said well he asked the owner to come over he said I noticed the walls are this greenness is this cardroom green or is this Green Smoke by Pharaoh and ball and the owners like what are you talking about he didn't even know and he said well the opacity suggests to me it's cardroom green it's just this is this is what it's like to travel with him he's he's designed his own house he picks his own furniture but he has a wide range of interest and we're lucky to have someone like that serving our country he was also very loyal to his family and friends deeply committed all three of his daughters became lawyers my three children all said we're not going to be a lawyer precisely because you are but they all wanted to be one because of bill and he's so devoted to them and part of his connection that are damn he may mention this is his daughter went here graduated no sick make but she had to fight a very serious illness and a touch Notre Dame touch bill and his family very deeply through the course of that that tough time finally he has a real commitment to public service so he spent ten years previously to this term now as Attorney General in public service he spent ten years in private practice 15 years and telecommunications but I as his close friend can tell you he did not want to go back into the government he was very happy it you know earned his point where he had set up his family he was enjoying being around his grandkids but on the third try he felt that the Department of Justice there was there was a problem there there had been a lot of issues you remember the Attorney General Sessions had resigned there was an interim Attorney General and Bill felt it was incumbent upon him to step forward and serve again it was not easy but I think it's remarkable that he did it and you've all seen him whether you agree with him or not he is a person of great integrity and he reaches his decisions on his own and in a time where there's so much incivility and hostility in our national debate I'm glad we have someone who's willing to take the job nonetheless someone who is so well prepared and so committed to his country and his principles we need that wherever you are on the spectrum so without further ado bill ask you to come up in addresses [Applause] thank you very much thanks Tom for your kind introduction a bill and Roger it's good to be with you also your honors your excellency friends from the Notre Dame community I do feel a special connection with Notre Dame I did have one of my uncle's went to Notre Dame and my youngest daughter Meg Margaret went to Notre Dame two of my nephews went to Notre Dame in fact their father and my brother Stevie Steven bar is here and is at Notre Dame I think for a semester right Steve he's the smart one in the family he's a theoretical particle physicist and he writes a lot about the relationship between science and and physics so I'm glad to get to see him I don't get to see him that often I'd like to thank Notre Dame Law School and the de Nicola center for ethics and culture for graciously extending this invitation to speak to you and I'm looking forward after this speech to answering questions I'd like to thank Tony de Nicola who's generous support has shaped and continues to shape countless Minds through examination of Catholic morale of the Catholic moral and intellectual tradition when my daughter Meg after she after she graduated and ultimately went to law school she became a very ill for a period of time and I knew there were great kids at Notre Dame people great character and for a long period of time there was always one of her classmates visiting us they worked it out so there was always someone coming to to visit us while she was being treated in the hospital and so forth and we got very close to all her friends and we love them to death and Notre Dame will always have a special place in my heart because of that I have five grandchildren now with another on the way and I'd be very proud if they all end up in Notre Dame meg incidentally recovered and got married recently she got married on December 8th the Feast of the Immaculate Conception and the day before I got a call from the president who was walking out to the helicopters and he said bill I know we talked about putting the announcement off until after your daughter's wedding but I'd sort of like to do it today if it's okay with you but it's okay it's totally up to you and I said well mr. president we talked about it and whatever suits you you know we'll adjust you that'll be fine and it's okay well I'll do it now while I'm walking out to the helicopters so I turn on the I was you know lounging around and in my study at home and I turned on the television and it was sort of the first of a number of out-of-body experiences I've had since then because he walks over to us I'm selecting bill Barr to be Attorney General of the United States and that was the day before that was Pearl Harbor Day December 7th and the next day was my daughter's wedding and she said to me pop you're the only guy I know who would upstage his daughter at his own at her own at her wedding but I but when I gave the toast I said you know maggots it's okay because just as the bar name is going to be dragged through the mud you're changing your name to Magoo he today I would like to share some thoughts with you about religious liberty in America it's an important priority in this administration and for this Department of Justice we've set up a task force within the department in which all the various components that have equities in this area Solicitor General's Office the Civil Division the Office of Legal Counsel and other offices are all represented and we have regular meetings and we keep an eye out for cases or events around the country where where states are Miss applying the Establishment Clause in a way that discriminates against people of faith or cases where where states adopt laws that impinge upon the free exercise of religion from the founding era onward there was strong consensus about the centrality of religious liberty in the United States the imperative of protecting religious freedom was not just a nod in the direction of piety it reflects the framers belief that religion was indispensable to sustaining our free system of government in his renowned 1785 pamphlet memorial and remonstrance against religious assessments James Madison described religious liberty as a right towards men but a duty towards the Creator and a duty proceeded both in order of time and degree of obligation to the claims of civil society it has been over 230 years since that small group of colonial lawyers led a revolution and launched what they viewed as a great experiment establishing a society fundamentally different than anything that had come before they crafted a magnificent Charter of freedom the United States Constitution which provides for limited government while leaving the people broadly at liberty to pursue their lives both as individuals and through their free associations this quantum leap in Liberty has been the mainspring of unprecedented human progress not only for Americans but for people around the world in the 20th century our form of free society faced a severe test there's always been the question whether a democracy so solicitous of individual freedom could stand up against the regimented totalitarian state that question was answered with a resounding yes as the United States stood up against and defeated first fascism and then communism but in 21st century we face an entirely different kind of challenge the challenge we face is precisely what the founding fathers foresaw would be the supreme test of a free society they never thought that the main danger to the Republic would come from external foes the central question was whether over the long haul we the people could handle freedom the question was whether the citizens in such a free society could maintain the moral discipline and virtue necessary for the survival of free institutions by enlarge the founding generations view of human nature was drawn from the classical Christian tradition these practical state statesmen understood that individuals while having the potential for great good also had the capacity for great evil men are subject to powerful passions and appetites and if unrestrained are capable of ruthlessly riding roughshod over their neighbors and the community at large no society can exist without some means of restraining individual rapacity but if you rely on the coercive power of the government to impose those restraints the framers believed this would inevitably lead to a government that is too controlling and you would end up with no Liberty just tyranny on the other hand unless you had some effective restraint you end up with something equally dangerous licentiousness the unbridled pursuit of personal appetites at the expense of the common good this is just another form of tyranny where the individual is enslaved by his appetites and the possibility of any healthy community life crumbles Edmund Burke summed up this point in his typically colorful language men are qualified for civil liberty in exact proportion to their disposition to put chains upon their own appetites society cannot exist unless a controlling power be placed somewhere and less of it there is within the more of it there must be without it is ordained in the eternal constitution of things that men of intemperate minds cannot be free their pasts and passions Forge their fetters so the founders decided to take again and they called it a great experiment they would leave the people broad Liberty they would limit the coercive power of the government and they would place their trust in the self-discipline and virtue of the American people in the words of Madison we have staked our future on the ability of each of us to govern ourselves and this is really what they meant by self-government it did not mean primarily the mechanics by which we select a representative legislature it referred to the capacity of each individual to restrain and govern themselves but what was the source of this internal controlling power and a Free Republic those restraints could not be handed down from above by philosopher Kings instead social order must flow up from the people themselves freely obeying the dictates of inwardly possessed and commonly shared moral values and the control willful human beings with an infinite capacity to rationalize those moral values must rest on authority independent of men's wills they must flow from the transcendent transcendent Supreme Being in short the framers in the framers view free government was only suitable and sustainable for a religious people a people who recognized that there was a transcendent moral order antecedent to both the state and to man-made laws and had the discipline to control themselves according to those enduring principles as James as John Adams put it we have no government armed with the power which is capable of contending with human passions unbridled by morality and religion our Constitution was made only for a moral and religious people it is wholly inadequate for the government of any other and his father John Courtney Maura Murray observed the American tenant was not that free government is inevitable only that it is possible and that its possibility can be realized only when the people as a whole are inwardly governed by the recognized imperatives of the universal moral order well how does religion promote moral discipline and and the virtue needed to sustain free government well first it gives us rules to live by the founding generation were Christians and they believe that the judeo-christian moral system corresponds to the true nature of man and those rules speak to man and fulfill man both in his private spiritual life and in his communal life those moral precepts start of course in Christianity with the two great Commandments to love God with your whole heart soul in mind and love thy neighbor as thyself but they also include the guidance of natural law a real transcendent moral order which flows from God's eternal law the divine wisdom by which the whole of creation is ordered the eternal law is impressed upon and reflected in all created things and from the nature of things we can through reason and experience discern standards of right and wrong that exist independent of human will now modern secularists dismissed this idea of morality as sort of otherworldly superstition imposed by a killjoy clergy but in fact judeo-christian moral standards are the ultimate utilitarian rules for human conduct they reflect the rules that are best for man not in the by and by but in the here and now they are like God's instruction manual for the best running of man and the best operation of human society and by the same token violations of these moral laws have bad real-world consequences for man and for society we may not pay the price immediately but over time the harm is real religion also helps promote moral discipline within a society we're all fallen we don't automatically conform our conduct to moral rules even they even when we know that they are good for us but religion helps teach train and habituate people to want what is good it does not do this primarily by formal laws that is by coercive power it does this through moral education and by Framing societies informal rules the customs and traditions which reflect the wisdom and experience of the ages in other words religion helps frame a moral culture within society that instills and reinforces moral discipline I think we all recognize that over the past 50 years religion has been under increasing attack on the one hand we have seen the steady erosion of our traditional judeo-christian moral system and a comprehensive effort to drive it from the public square on the other hand we see the growing ascendancy of secularism and the doctrine of moral relativism by any honest assessment the consequences of this moral upheaval have been grim virtually every measure of social pathology continues to gain ground in 1965 the legitimacy rate was 8% the last time I was Attorney General in 1992 it was at 25% today it is at over 40% and that's the national average in many of our large urban areas as we know it is well over 70% along with the records wreckage of the family we are seeing record levels of depression and mental illness dispirited young people soaring suicide rates increasing numbers of angry and ailee ated alienated young males an increase in senseless violence and a deadly drug epidemic as you know over 70,000 people die a year from drug overdoses that is more casualties in a year than we experienced during the entire Vietnam War all right I won't dwell on the bitter results of the new secular age suffice it to say that the campaign to destroy the traditional moral order has coincided and I believe has brought with it immense suffering and misery and yet the forces of secularism ignoring these tragic results press on with even greater militants among the militant secularists are many so-called progressives but where is the progress we are told we are living in a post-christian era but what has replaced the judeo-christian moral system what is it that can fill the spiritual void in the hearts of the individual person and what is the system of values that can sustain human social life the fact is that no secular Creed has emerged capable of performing the role of religion scholarship suggests that religion has been integral to the development and thriving of Homo sapiens since we emerged roughly fifty thousand years ago and it is just for the past few hundred years that we've embarked on this experiment of living without religion we hear much today about our humane values but in the final analysis what undergirds these values what commands our adherence to them what we call values today is really nothing more than mere sentimentality still drawing on the vapour trails of Christianity now there have been times and places where the traditional moral order has been shaken in the past in the past societies like the human body seem to have a self-healing mechanism a self-correcting mechanism that gets things back on course if things go too far the consequences of moral chaos become too pressing the opinion of decent people rebels they coalesce and rally against obvious excess periods of moral retrenchment follow periods of excess this is the idea of the pendulum and we've all thought to ourselves after a while the pendulum will swing back but today we face something different that may mean that we cannot count the pendulum swinging back first is the force fervor and comprehensiveness of the assault on organized religion we are experiencing today this is not decay this is organized destruction secularists and their allies have marshaled all the forces of mass communication popular culture the entertainment industry and academia in an unremitting assault on religion and traditional values these instruments are used not only to affirmatively promote secular orthodoxy but also to drown out and silence opposing voices and to attack viciously and hold up to ridicule any dissidents one of the ironies as some have observed is that the secular project has itself become a religion pursued with religious fervor it is taking on all the trappings of religion including inquisitions and excommunication those who defy the Creed risk a figurative burning at the stake social educational and professional ostracism and exclusion waged through lawsuits and savage social media campaigns the pervasiveness and the power of our high-tech popular culture fuels apostasy in other ways it provides an unprecedented degree of distraction part of the human condition has been that there usually has been no way to avoid the big questions that stare us in the face are we created or are we purely material accidents does our life have any meaning or purpose but as Blaise Pascal observed instead of grappling with these questions many human beings are easily distracted from thinking about the final things and indeed we now live in the age of distraction where we can envelop ourselves in a world of digital stimulation and universal connectivity and we have almost limitless ways of indulging all our our physical appetites there's another modern phenomenon that is suppressing society's self corrective mechanism that's making it harder for us to restore ourselves in the past when societies are threatened by moral chaos the overall social costs though of licentiousness and irresponsible personal conduct become so high that society ultimately recoils and reevaluate s-- the path it is on but today in the face of all the increasing pathologies instead of addressing the underlying cause we have cast the state in the role of the live alleviate er of bad consequences we call on the state to mitigate the social costs of personal misconduct and irresponsibility so the reaction to growing illegitimate E is not sexual responsibility but abortion the reaction to drug addiction is safe injection sites the solution to the breakdown of the family is for the state to set itself up as an ear socks husband for the single mother and an ear sots father for the children the call comes for more and more social program programs to deal with this wreckage and while we think we're solving problems we are underwriting them we start within untrammeled freedom and we end up as dependence of a coercive state on whom we depend interestingly this idea of the state is the alleviate er of bad consequences has given rise to a new moral system that goes in hand in hand with the secularization that's it can be called the system of macro morality and in some ways it is an inversion of Christian morality Christianity teaches a micro morality we transform the world by focusing on our own personal morality and transformation the new secular religion teaches macro morality one's morality is not gauged by their private conduct but rather their commitment to political causes and collective action to address various social problems this system allows us not to worry so much about the strictures on our own private lives because we can find salvation on the picket line we can signal our finely tuned moral sensibilities by participating in demonstrations on this cause or on that something happened recently that crystallized this difference between them he's competing moral systems I was attending Mass at a parish I did not usually attend in Washington DC and at the end of Mass the chairman of the social justice committee got up to give his report to the parish and he pointed to the growing homeless problem in DC and explained that more mobile soup kitchens were needed to feed them this being a Catholic Church I expected him to call for volunteers to go out and provide for this need as volunteers but instead he recounted all the visits that the committee members had made to the DC government to lobby for higher taxes and more spending to fund mobile soup kitchens a third phenomenon which makes it difficult for the pendulum to swing back is the way the law is being used as a battering ram to break down traditional moral values and to establish moral relative as the new orthodoxy was being used in a couple of ways first either through legislation but more frequently through judicial interpretation the forces of secularism have been continually seeking to eliminate laws that reflect traditional moral norms at first this involved rolling back laws that prohibited certain kinds of conduct hence the watershed decision legalizing abortion and since then the legalization of euthanasia and the list goes on as we all know more recently we have been we have seen the law used aggressively to force religious people and entities to subscribe to practices and policies that are antithetical to their faith the problem is not that religion is being forced on others the problem is that irreligion is being forced secular values are being forced on people of faith this reminds me of the way Roman emperors just couldn't leave the minority of Christians in the empire alone although they were loyal to the emperor they couldn't leave them in peace they would mandate that they had to violate their conscience and that their conscience by offering religious sacrifice to the emperor as a God similarly today militant secularists do not have a live-and-let-live spirit they are not content to leave religious people alone to practice their faith instead they seem to take delight in compelling people to violate their conscience for example the last administration sought to force religious employers including Catholic religious orders to violate their sincerely held religious views by funding contraceptive and abortifacient coverage and their health plans and similarly recently California has sought to require pro-life pregnancy centers to provide notices of abortion rights this refusal to accommodate the free exercise of religion is relative recent just 25 years ago there was a broad consensus in our society that our laws should accommodate religious belief in 1993 Congress passed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act the purpose of the statute was to promote maximum accommodation to religion when the government adopted broad policies that might impinge on religious practice and at the time this was not controversial it was introduced by Chuck Schumer with a hundred and seventy co-sponsors in the house and was introduced by Ted Kennedy and Orrin Hatch with 59 co-sponsors in the Senate and it passed the Senate by 97 to 3 but recently as the process of secularization is accelerated this statute has come under assault and the idea of religious accommodation is falling out of favor because this administration firmly supports accommodation of religion the battleground at this time has largely shifted to the states some state governments are now attempting to compel religious individuals and entities to subscribe to practices or to espouse viewpoints that are incompatible with their religion Ground Zero for these attacks on religion are the schools and to me this is the most serious challenge to religious liberty today for anyone who has a religious faith by far the most important part of exercising that faith is teaching that religion to your children the passing on of the faith there is no greater gift we can give our children and no greater expression of love and for the government to interfere in that process is a monstrous invasion of religious liberty yet this is where the battle is being joined and I see that is being waged on three fronts the first front relates to the content of public school curriculum many states are adopting curriculum that is incompatible with traditional judeo-christian principles Able's according to which parents are attempting to raise their children and they often do this without any opt-out provision for religious families thus for example New Jersey recently passed a law requiring public schools to adopt an LGBT curriculum that many feel is inconsistent with traditional Christian teaching similar laws have been passed in California and Illinois and the Orange County Board of Education in California issued an opinion that quote parents who disagree with the instructional material related to gender general gender identity gender expression and sexual orientation may not excuse their children from this instruction indeed in some cases the schools may not even warn parents about the lessons they plan to teach on controversial subjects relating to sexual behavior and relationships this puts parents who dissent from the secular orthodoxy to a difficult choice try to scrape together enough money to send their kids to private school or homeschooling or allow their children to be inculcated with messages that they fundamentally reject the second axis of attack in the realm of Education our state policies designed to starve religious schools of generally available funds and encouraging students to choose secular options rather than religious schools Montana for example created a program that provided tax credits to those who donated to a scholarship program that underprivileged students could use to attend private schools the point of the program was to provide a greater parental and student choice in education and to provide better education to needy youth but Montana expressly excluded religious affiliated private schools from the program and when that exclusion was challenged in courts by parents who wanted to use the scholarship to attend a nondenominational Christian school the Montana Supreme Court required the state to eliminate the entire program rather than to allow parents to use the scholarships for religious schools it justified this action by pointing to a provision in the Montana Constitution commonly referred to as the Blaine amendment Blaine amendments as many of you know were passed at a time of rampant anti-catholic animus in this country and typically disqualify religious institutions from receiving any direct or indirect payment from state funds the case is now in the Supreme Court in the Department of Justice has filed a brief explaining why montie Montana's Blaine amendment violates the First Amendment finally the third kind of assault on religious freedom and education have been recent efforts to use state laws to force religious schools to adhere to secular orthodoxy for example right here in Indiana a teacher sued the Catholic Archbishop of Indianapolis for directing the Catholic schools within his diocese that they could not employ teachers in same-sex marriages because the example of those same-sex marriages would undermine the school's teaching on the Catholic view of marriage and the complementarity of the sexes this lawsuit clearly infringes on the First Amendment rights of the archdiocese by interfering both with it with its expressive Association and with its church autonomy and the Department of Justice filed a statement of interest in the state court making these points and we hope that the state court will soon dismiss this case taken together these cases paint a disturbing picture we see the state requiring local public schools to insert themselves into contentious social debates without regard to the religious views of their students or parents in effect these states are requiring local communities to make their public schools inhospitable to families with traditional religious values those families are implicitly told that they should conform early at the same time pressure is placed on religious schools to abandon their religious convictions simply because of their religious character they are starved of funds students who would otherwise choose to attend them are told that they may only receive scholarships if they turn their sights elsewhere and simultaneously they are threatened they are threatened the religious schools are threatened in tort cases and undoubtedly will be threatened with the denial of accreditation if they adhere to their religious character if these measures are successful those with religious convictions will become still more marginalized I do not mean to suggest that there is no hope for moral inure renewal in our country but we cannot sit back and just hope that the pendulum is going to swing back towards sanity as Catholics we are committed to the judeo-christian values that have made this country great and we know that the first thing we have to do to promote this renewal is to ensure that we are putting our principles into practice in our own personal lives we understand that only by transforming ourselves will we transform the world beyond ourselves this is tough work it's hard to resist the constant seductions of contemporary society and this is where we need the grace and prayer in the help of the church beyond this we must place greater emphasis on the moral education of our children education is not vocational training it is leading our children to the recognition that there is truth and helping them develop the facility to discern and love the truth and the discipline to live by it we cannot have a moral Renaissance unless we succeed in passing to the next generation our faith and values in full vigor the times are hostile to this public agencies including public schools are becoming secularized and increasingly actively promoting moral if ever there was a need for a resurgence of Catholic education and more generally religiously affiliated schools it is today I think we should do all we can to promote and support authentic Catholic education at all levels finally as lawyers we should be particularly active in the struggle that is being waged against religion on the legal plane we must be vigilant to resist efforts by forces of secularization to drive religious viewpoints from the public square and to impinge upon our exercise of our faith I can assure you that as long as I am Attorney General the Department of Justice will be at the forefront of this effort ready to fight for the most cherished of all our American liberties the freedom to live according to our faith thank you for the opportunity to talk with you today and god bless you and Notre Dame [Applause] you [Applause]

Channel: de Nicola Center for Ethics and Culture ndethics

Views: 211,977

Rating: 4.8187613 out of 5

Keywords: william barr, religious liberty, freedom

Id: IM87WMsrCWM

Length: 46min 45sec (2805 seconds)

Published: Mon Oct 21 2019