Arteries, veins, capillaries; arterioles and venules - the differences

this is a tutorial um about the differences between arteries veins and then the smaller arterioles and venules it's about the key features of each the role in the cardiovascular system and will enable you by the end to compare the all three four sorry all four we will start then with the purpose okay in one of my lovely amateur drawings what you have here is the representation of body cells and each one of these body cells in order to function and to stay alive requires oxygen it then produces carbon dioxide which then needs to be taken away it's a waste gas it needs to be removed and all this is done by arteries arterials venules and veins let me explain further imagine then that this is an artery carrying blood to each one of these cells uh often in diagrams uh oxygenated blood so coming in with the oxygen in is colored red the reason for that is blood carrying oxygen is slightly redder than blood that is then carrying less oxygen and carbon dioxide which has got a tinted blue so obviously the main artery it's too big to take blood to these cells so it starts going into smaller capillaries so it can then successfully take oxygen to each cell so it stays alive so that's your arteries let me write that down let's write it in black so in the arteries blood is arriving to take oxygen to each one of the cells in the body a arriving a artery coming in carrying oxygen and that is then referred to as oxygenated blood it's coming from the heart it's pumping to every single cell in the body at great force to get it there it needs to be working very hard to get it there um imagine then this is the vein okay again too thick so it goes to each cell so if we separate these out into smaller capillaries we then are able to take that carbon dioxide away so and that's carrying carbon dioxide away from each one of these cells okay it's carrying blood into the heart to then get pumped to the lungs to collect oxygen in comparison the arteries are taking blood away from the heart i explain this here okay so i will cover up um the bomb part to start off with you don't need to know the words let's just look at the circuit right so deoxygenated blood colored blue is coming back from the rest of the body every one of those cells underneath the little pink dots have used the oxygen and then carbon dioxide needs to go up to the lungs to then be inhaled out because we don't need that it then picks up the oxygen coming back to the heart and going to take it through every blood cell so the smaller network which i represented in wool is bringing in all the oxygen to every single blood cell and it is taking away the vein the carbon dioxide through the veins we move that out the way so this little circuit here is a micro circuit so these smaller ones here is a micro circuit of capillaries just move that up like that and the venules run into veins and the arterials are coming from sorry that direction from the artery so let me just go over this again so your artery is bringing oxygen to through the arterioles to every cell okay these are capillaries in general but arterials are carrying the red oxygenated blood in comparison the venules are taking the blood away needs to go back to the heart to collect oxygen represented in blue these are the capillaries they're arterioles they are venereal venules they're in a micro circuit and they're coming from the arteries and the veins okay so now we need to look at the difference between these so i shall get drawing again the difference between an artery and a vein the middle of an artery or a vein is called the lumen so i will draw the artery in red this is a side cut of it you have the outside walls and then you have a muscle layer so each side surrounding the artery is several layers of muscles which need to assist the blood that is coming from the heart so if you look at this bit again you have the lumen in the middle the exterior then is muscle i think perhaps i will color the muscle uh with a bit of pink so you can hopefully see that that's muscle so if you can imagine that the blood that is going right around to the rest of the body and to every cell in the body is being pumped at high blood pressure okay to get to each one of these there is quite a force needed so um if i then write where's my red pen here it is so the blood is flowing back to the heart no sorry it's flowing away from the heart so the blood is flowing away from the heart it is going all the way around through these arteries coming around to this capillaries which are arterials to every cell in the body it is then being picked up by the venules and going back to the heart because the aim of the game is this oxygen remember the oxygen is required for every cell in the body so the inside of the wall here is smooth okay muscular walls i'll say uh smooth lumen that's the middle the blood is being carried away from the heart and it is going at high blood pressure so high pressure because of that force needed to take it to every cell in the body in comparison we will look at the vein now okay we'll draw it in blue in comparison then the vein walls are less muscular less muscular than the arteries because the um the muscle action from the heart is helping that blood along so it's almost like it squeezes squeezes it to push that blood along so that's why it needs to be more muscular less so than with the veins the reason being is it is flowing through here less pressure it's going back to the heart back into the heart to be able to then be pumped up to the lungs to collect that oxygen to go back down to the heart all right so it's coming in so if we write here where's my pink pen here it is so less muscular walls and what it then needs because it's fighting gravity this is coming back from the arms and the legs and it needs to go into the heart what it then has is a valve okay the valve acts as a gate the valve lets blood coming back up from the legs and the arms to be pumped through here and then it shuts behind it and then further up here you will have another valve and the blood will go through it and then the gates will then shut behind it that means there is no backflow so no back flow going that down because gravity needs it to be pumped up so it can go back into the heart to collect that oxygen remember that picture of the little white little pink body cells requiring that oxygen to function to keep alive and then the carbon dioxide needs to be taken away to take it back into the heart so how are you going to remember this second two letters of a vein is in first letter of an artery is a a the blood is going away in an artery uh in the vein is bringing that blood in okay the difference it's got a much smoother lumen it has got blood at high pressure coming from that heart there is a muscle action that helps that blood flow along here it's got the thicker uh muscular wall and that muscle action that is happening here to help the blood is is where your pulse is so your pulse is not actually your heartbeat it's the muscle action that works with the heartbeat in order for the blood to get where it needs to get at that great force to every one of those cells so an artery has a smooth lumen it has thicker muscle walls it is carrying blood at high blood pressure and it has a pulse and it's going away from the heart in comparison the vein is carrying blood at less blood pressure uh it has less muscular walls however to support this blood uh not having a back flow because it's less pressure it has got valves that are opening gates to then shut so that the blood doesn't flow backwards and it's going into the heart so you have then the difference between a an artery and the vein and then remember that you have a mini circuit going on here that is the venules and the arterials so to revise you need to look at the key features you need to look at a role of that you need to be able to tell the difference between an artery a vein an arteriole and then the venules and it's all about carrying oxygen to each body cell and taking away the carbon dioxide are more resources to help you with your anatomy and physiology at the hsc resources shop on tess there's lots of free resources there to help either teachers or students to understand there is a handy search facility there so that you can find them alright hopefully you now know and understand the key features and the role of arteries veins arterioles and the cardiovascular in the cardiovascular system let's put this back here so that you will be able to answer a question about these key features features but also comparing comparing you might get an exam question about that so it is a revision task for you now to go and learn the difference between all of those and then do exam practice answers

Channel: #hscresources Alison Burton #tlevelhealth

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Id: uKA1XrnTAnM

Length: 16min 37sec (997 seconds)

Published: Mon Feb 01 2021