Archaeological Proof of the Exodus? A Jewish Perspective.

[Music] [Music] hello everyone thank you for checking out my youtube channel today the study of antiquity and the Middle Ages as always I'm your host Nick Barksdale but today we are joined by a very special guest new to YouTube has some awesome content you need to check it out and we are joined today by Seth Seth thank you so much for coming on today Nick thanks for having me it's an honor to follow in the footsteps of Barrett Klein I believe he was the last guest you had right you guys quite an honor quite an honor seth has a channel that I find absolutely fascinating and that is world history by a Jew check out the link in the video description below and you're going to be taken to his channel where you can see the videos that they're doing they're really interesting if you enjoy religious history if you enjoy Jewish perspectives on history this is the channel for you I really like it I hope you do as well many of you enjoyed the lectures that I put out by dr. gore and I'm hoping you also enjoy this one as well before you tell us about the lecture would you mind telling us a little bit about yourself and your channel sure so first of all let me tell you a little bit about world history by a Jew it's it's brand-new to YouTube but it's it's a lecture series that I've been doing for a couple years now it was originally designed to be in person speaking engagements and I never really wanted to be on camera so I would speak at synagogues I've spoken to church groups I've spoken various Jewish community events and the idea is we're going to take a secular an event in secular history so name it the American Revolution and I'm going to take you through the American Revolution in a just in one sense in the straight history at the same time though I'm going to kind of spin it around and give it the Jewish take how are Jews involved what what what was the impact on Jews not only we'll say in our example in the United States but also worldwide once America came into being and my and the idea these lectures is okay I don't need to do the speaking professionally I'm not asking for pay for charity I do it for sadaqa I just want to spread the knowledge and try to make it kind of a fun way of learning for people in an unusual way of doing it it happened by accident my actually I've always read a lot about history and as my kids were getting older instead of telling reading books to them I would tell them history and I would pick a topic and go with it and enough friends started hearing me do it if they told me I should speak for adults one individual I should I just want to mention two names one Alex Boehner a good friend of mine you get pushing me and pushing me to speak publicly and then the rabbi of my synagogue said I should speak but it should just be about Jewish stuff great you should speak speak at our synagogue but needs devout Jewish so I merged those two ideas and that's how it became world history by G so I initially just spoke as I said and public gatherings I did try a little bit of YouTube before and this was through a YouTube channel called digital Hammurabi anyone who's a fan of ancient Mesopotamia has to be has to know their channel if you've never done if you've never been a digital on murabbi you want to know about hms spain you have to go to the channel i did a few odd videos for them here and there but then i just went back to where I'm more comfortable when I'm used to public speaking I like interactive my audience I like seeing faces when I speak if I see people starting to do this then I change the subject if I see people doing this I'll drill down on the subject but that's just the way I've always been and then coronavirus it and once coronavirus it the world got flipped upside down and so did my strategy for lectures so I first just started to exhume lectures and you can the few I put a couple of them on the YouTube you'll see it's just really me talking with the camera showing a few pictures is the first few lectures but then I added a PowerPoint component to it starting the third lecture and I decided at this point that I was putting this effort in let's just go for the YouTube channel my only experience was general Hammurabi but I kind of saw what they did and figured maybe I can I can do the same thing so now it's very long winded way of answering your your question my topic of choice was Egypt and I would have really done in two lectures including the first two that I said are aren't as you know doesn't don't have all the bells and whistles but if you go through these six or seven lectures on ancient Egypt you're gonna learn pretty much anything you need to know about Egypt from about 3,000 BC to about 1200 BCE and that means the Old Kingdom the Middle Kingdom the New Kingdom to intermediate periods and what I've now done is then taking that information and put a Jewish perspective on it and the most famous event the one that's definitely going to generate the most attention I knew that going in would be talking about the archaeology of the Exodus so I picked that as the premiere video for the channel intentionally and what I've done is taken the actual archaeology what we know from Jewish tradition and I've merged the two in its it's really amazing how much is reinforced when you look at the archaeology of ancient Egypt and I'm not going to claim the thursday's smoking gun but definitely if you look at over the course of the act of that lecture it's a little over an hour long but I drop Clues along through the lecture as I talk about Egyptian history and towards the end all those clues come together to give you one coherent story now are you gonna walk away going did the exodus really happen yes maybe not but if you ask could the exodus really happen you will in vatican ii be able to say yes after watching the lecture and that that's what i was going for but there's another lecture on abraham and his experiences in egypt which are not well known in fact there's almost nothing on it on YouTube and I found I've gotten that's been second only to the Exodus and in views Joseph as well Joseph has a quite a connection to Egypt right now the the current - it's a two-part lecture on King in the origin of the Hebrews and so as you could see here as King Tut as my store before I was telling you Joseph and Abraham so my point is I jump back and forth between the two but and so you'll get that the the secular take the non-jewish take but again I'm telling it from a Jewish point of view and that's why it I I found that my audiences have been buried and they're not always Jewish Christians as well atheists as well I want be it's just really about sharing knowledge I'm not judging who who use it or doesn't view it I just want people to enjoy it what you're about to watch is not only theoretically when it comes to literature one of the greatest events in human history but also one of the most debated events in human history as to whether or not this event actually occurred and that is the Exodus what makes us interesting is it's not just is there archaeological proof for the Exodus but it also gives you a Jewish perspective on this as well which is something that I believe is equally important in this now what makes this even more interesting is that as many of you know I am an atheist it's not a shock anybody who watches my channel they know that I try to I cover all religions because I love it I love studying religion but I'm also an atheist and that's my choice but I don't view the Bible and a variety of other religious texts the way a lot of my fellow atheists do I'm very open mind and I approach it I try to separate what I consider to be fiction that many people would not consider to be fiction from what I would call fact and the Exodus is something that I've always found interesting if any of you are familiar with dr. Bob Brier he actually has a stance that I've always actually held to as well that I discovered whenever he was lecturing when I was a teen and that is even if the Exodus didn't happen even if whoever wrote that story who told that story was intimately familiar with ancient Egypt and a society and its viewpoints and its people and so that's something that you can't discount now whether or not it happened you decide what you think by commenting your thoughts below after watching this presentation a history told by a Jew listened to by an atheist and whoever you may be as well so sit back relax enjoy this presentation don't forget to check out the links in the video description below give Seth your complete support but also don't forget to comment your thoughts below do you believe it happened are you 50/50 or is it straight up no but whatever answer you give explain it ladies and gentlemen thank you all so much Seth thank you for coming on today Thank You Nick all of you have a wonderful evening hi welcome to world history by a Jew I'm your host and lecturer Seth blush man I know many of you are tuning in for the first time so just by way of introduction let me say that the world history baju program was started as a synagogue initiative for the synagogue that's called Chabad of Tokyo Hills and Atlanta Georgia and this was it was meant as an educational program really just for a member so that that's how it started but it was it's always been in person lectures and we branched out and started doing other synagogues and community events and and so forth but it it was always in person lectures and then coronavirus Hills so once coronavirus hit we had to rethink things and we have now launched as a zoom and YouTube online program so any more interesting tonight is the result so hope you enjoy let me give you a warning this is me speaking with a PowerPoint presentation so if you like a bunch of special effects and flashing lights and pretty sights and so forth this is probably not the lecture for you but you're welcome to I'm just warning you upfront so tonight we're talking about the Exodus ancient Egypt that the Exodus really happened I'm referring to our timeline now if you've seen any of my other lectures of the series I've used this timeline and all lectures kind of keep everyone straight with where we are where we've been and so forth so this is a very exciting lecture if you've built up to each one and each one each one because you've been through all these lectures with me and now you're coming to the ultimate the Exodus everything I've told you in these first five parts are all leading to tonight's lecture now let me just warn you that each lecture although it's meant to stand on its own they definitely have some connections so you can just watch any one of these you should be able to enjoy it you won't be lost I promise but definitely you get more out of it if you've seen if you've seen them all now if you've gone through them all you have seen Egyptian history from about 3000 BCE up and through tonight's lecture we'll take you to a close to 1200 BCE so that's cover 1800 years of history and six lectures not too bad and in addition to that this it's giving you not just the Egyptian version but it's giving you everything from a Jewish point of view now you know what to be Jewish to endure with these lectures if you just want an easy way to learn a lot about the Old Kingdom the the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom and have a good feel for the ancient about ancient Egyptian history this this series will do it for you but just know that everything I do is from a Jewish point of view so as we come across aspects of Egyptian history that interplay with Jewish history then I'd like to focus on those little pieces here and there and then I always bring it together in the end each lecture I bring it together in the end and then this lecture is kind of like a major bringing everything together in the same way as you can see we focus mostly on the New Kingdom that's because the New Kingdom is just the most fun you every Pharaoh is this great character not only that when you start looking at Jewish connections the New Kingdom every time regardless of how you date things whoever's that you're going to use you're going to keep following your path towards the the New Kingdom so we focus more there than anywhere else now when we start investigating the the Exodus we've got some major issues this is a tough subject to tackle and for a variety of reasons which you see though first of all there's an abundance of sources right let's not do it look up things the promise you can't find anything the problem the X is the exact opposite you find more and more and more and more and you don't like for any good source I have I have a I have to go through a hundred bad sources sometimes maybe it's a thousand bad sources there's so much bad information out there to actually we through all that and find the good isn't so easy now on top of that most of anything you see on TV is bad I mean hate to say it I know there's been there are some good ones I can't say that they're all bad but let's say most of what you see on the Exodus it's just some one for the show okay there and if they need to move a they're dating 300 years to make their story work okay no problem or if they need to move the they need geography move geographical move let's say just move this city 200 miles to make their store work okay that's fine too so just know that the motivation of these TV experts is to put on a show not to give you good information now let's let's get more towards the the researchers so we have an issue of circular logic so circular logic is I'm going to take the Bible in one hand and a shovel on the other hand and go to Israel and dig it maybe metaphorically dig in the library but I'm gonna have the Bible in one hand in the library book in the other hand and what I'm trying to do is match say this sentence in the Bible and find whatever I can to match that sentence and this was in a physical sense a big problem in the beginning of what's from biblical archaeology because you have a lot of non experts a lot of non archaeologists going to Israel digging around just trying to find something that matches the the Bible and so this gave bimbeau archaeology a very bad reputation so now we have biblical minimalism is has become the pervasive movement of academia today so what's that that's the exact opposite that's saying everything in the Bible everything in the Torah is made up it's all just you know it's it's a it's a good work of fiction you should just ignore it and it's a part of that it is not academia's fault it's because of these original Biblical Archaeology who weren't even archaeologists but these biblical researchers but also you know there could be some political connotation to it as well I don't get into it just know that from the religious side it's everything is the way it's written and that's the way it is and from the academia side it's all made up nothing is true so what we're trying to do is find that happy medium that's really what we're investigating we can find good evidence in the archaeology but can we prove everything is written exactly the way it said absolutely not so we're just gonna gather all these pieces together and at the end you make your own decision what you think I'm not gonna force my conclusions down your throat okay so now let's get into the actual archaeological finds so why are these challenging first of all we have a lack of inscriptions and you're gonna say wait a second you've got a ton of inscriptions and you're right they do but we have a lack of inscriptions about the subject matter we need in this investigation and by that I mean Egypt does not record its defeats so if you do have a slave revolt and a group of slaves were to leave we're to defeat the Egyptian army and leave Egypt they are not gonna write that down okay Egyptians did not like to record when they lost so and in war also how do you know the Egyptians lost a war well because every win is closer back to their home they're an invading army they every wind should be further away from them so and every win is going in Reverse closer at home that's probably a good hint that the they lost and then also with the slave records right slaves didn't leave records we're never gonna find a papyrus of a slave saying hi I am a Jewish slave in Egypt in one day hope I can move to the land of Kanaan not gonna happen never going to be found and also just externally right you're not gonna have other countries like say the Babylonians are not gonna write about a slave revolt in Egypt if they heard about it just it's it wouldn't be interesting to them that's it's it's just you know slaves weren't looked upon like the rest of society at that time so now moving on to the Delta okay everyone is going to agree that the Semites and whether you want to call them Jews or or Hebrews or Asiatics whatever term you want to use and they're not all interchangeable if you've seen my previous lectures another very well but these people from the area of Canaan from the Levant came into Egypt and they settled in the Delta area now when you read in the in the Torah it's going to tell you they set on the land of Goshen Goshen is accepted to be the northeastern quadrant of Egypt so you're right there at the Nile Delta on the eastern side of the Nile now the problem with the Nile is the that well look at this in archaeology if you are excavating at a place say the desert that's always dry always dry then it does a good job of preserving it and believe we're not the opposite is true if it's always wet if you're in the water it's always wet in the water then you have a you also have a good level preservation the biggest issue is when the water is in and out in and out in and out so when the water is in and out like that that just that wears everything away it just all disappears over time and and it it greatly accelerates the degradation of your records and then we have the issue of papyrus so those of you for my Mesopotamian lectures know it's great when you're studying Mesopotamia because they wrote everything down these clay tablets saying these clay tablets get baked they last forever that's not true in Egypt where you have records written and papyrus there is never been papyrus found in the ground and Delta archaeology in other words never and all these studies of Egypt have you found have you find a papyrus document sitting in the ground why because it's just paper and there's no way you can survive in this environment of water in and out and also from a larger sense we have an issue with silting so also with the Delta these tributaries the the can can start moving from one place to another and it changes locations so then if your tributary that supplying water your city dries up you got to move where you can get water again so it causes cities to move now this is related to our next by building materials so let's look at mud bricks mud bricks dissolve so we all know the pyramids right they were built out of out of stone I have lecture to was all about that if you want to know more about building the pyramids but in the Delta a lot of the construction was with mud bricks the palaces the storehouses that's an important term later these all kind of fall apart over time a great example is just comparing the pyramids in Egypt versus the ziggurats in Mesopotamia and look how much better the the pyramids look today than the ziggurats and it's just as simple as stone okay and then also on building materials I'm going to mention recycling so the Egyptians when these cities did move right so when the you have these silt the silting and the Delta and you need to move your location they would take apart buildings in the old location and move them to the new location maybe not the same order which makes things very confusing for for archeologists my last point a before we move on is to talk about dating so dating is very controversial and you have different experts giving different timelines you have a secular timeline you have a biblical timeline and by the way you have but people studying the Bible or give you different timelines of people saying the archaeology that argue about the timelines I'm going to get more into this later but just know that the the dating is not not all agree not all right so how are we going to solve it how are we gonna solve this tonight we're gonna take it step by step we're gonna gather a piece by piece and then we're gonna gather all those pieces together in the end and see what we've got our first step is to start with a kernel of truth analysis what is a kernel of truth analysis so that means we're analyzing ancient literature ancient writings to find what facts we can gather from that and any fact we gather from that is obviously going to be a theory it's not going to be a scientific fact the way we think of things but just by reading literature you can get these kernels of truth then I'm going to go through three types of kernels for you before we get started all right so number one we had let's talk about the general kernel of truth the Jews were slaves in Egypt they were oppressed people in Egypt they left Egypt and they founded a religion in the land of Canaan that we now call Judaism ok this basic message is said over and over and over again it is never contradicted that no matter where you look the story in the Torah is the Jews were a oppressed people in Egypt they left Egypt went digging on and they they found in Judaism now I'm not talking about the divinity of it I'm gonna throw about whether there were 10 plagues I'm just saying this basic story is repeated over and over and over again so it would indicate there probably what were these people who were downtrodden who left Egypt and came to Kanaan yeah that's that's a general kernel a very specific kernel so in this example and in the this may not be familiar many of you but it's it's an interesting little tidbit right so Moses the the hero of the Jewish people the one who led us out of Egypt actually married in Anjou he married a Midianite so he marries a Midianite by the name Sephora why is this important because the Midianites actually would become enemies of the Jews they were rivals and enemies and why someone just making up a story would say hey Moses the hero of the Jews the Superman a Batman and spider-man and Captain America all rolled into one why this guy within go marry someone who is an enemy of his people it doesn't make any logical sense there's no way no reason to to make up something like that so it starts making starts making you think okay maybe there were some truth to it the third category I want to mention is just an easy kernel of truth and this is right now I should do the opposite for you so did you get a good detail and just just don't overanalyze it just take what you got and use it so the best example I know of our Exodus story is one of the opening lines a new king who knew not Joseph so we now have a new king in Egypt and this this line is overanalyzed overanalyzed it's very simple it was a new king who didn't know Joseph maybe it was a new dynasty didn't have to be a new dynasty but maybe it's a new dynasty too but just quite simply it was a new king you didn't know Joseph who became the king the Pharaoh of our Exodus story okay so I'm gonna summarize this whole concept with one word and that is slaves so I underlined this intentionally the reason I wanted to emphasize slaves is just looking at the slave concept gives us a kernel of truth that hits all three points why no ancient people are gonna brag about being slaves okay no one wants to say we came from slaves everyone wants to say they came from divine beings ancient people do not brag about coming from slavery and so here you have this group of people saying hey we were slaves you know we weren't half divine Zeus wasn't our Father so on and so forth Romulus didn't found our city we were slaves you know and then we came out and that's an important point say the origin was slaves because it gives you why would you make something up right so that gets us into our specific story over and over again we're told were slaves and then why why why would you make up that you were slaves it doesn't make any sense so that's that's number two and then number three an easy colonel well let's just take it for what it is we're told hundreds of times we were slaves so maybe we were slaves so let's let's kind of start with that and in our iron head so how are we gonna find these kernels well we're gonna study the history in the first history we're gonna study one that you actually can learn a lot from is Brix lowly little Brits so let's jump to that next now in my lecture on the pyramids we went on we went into bricks in great detail and if you look here there's a right there there's a little iceberg so if you see that logo in one of my lectures that iceberg tells you that there's a lot more to the story in that even I have a lot more prepared to the story but I don't want this thing to go on for three hours so I'm gonna give you the short version and if you're interested in anything that you don't think I spent enough time on these little icebergs if you follow up with me afterwards I'll send you some okay there is a lot to learn about mud bricks and there is a lot to learn about the the in from the sentences in the Torah telling us about the bricks so you'll see here on the right I have the key sentences highlighted and then on the left here's here's my main points I want to go over quickly again some of you've already heard some horse I don't spend too much time on this okay the pyramids were made out of stone the pyramids were built about a thousand years before Ramses the great this these two facts along with the distance that you've got about well over 100 miles between Giza where the pyramids are and where the Jews were located these three facts but particularly more than anything else the fact that the pyramids were made out of stone and not by bricks tells you that the Jews did not build the pyramids we're off by a thousand years were using completely different building materials here so I just want to get over that detail just the fact that the Torah tells us the Jews were working with bricks and we had that's highlighted here the Jews were working with bricks and so that gives us over that initial huh we do have records over who built the pyramids and this was skilled labor for the the craftsmanship of actually cutting stones for moving the stones it was a corbeil it was a tax system by the Egyptians themselves they did not use slave labor on a wide scale to build the pyramids so what were the Jews building well it tells us right right here if you look at at Exodus chapter 1 verse 11 the Jews were building storehouses for Pharaoh namely in the cities of Pithom and Rameses and we're going to talk a lot about victim and Rameses in just a bit but right now I'm going to focus on what they were making so they were building store cities store cities means they were building basically warehouses and what do you use bricks for use bricks for buildings that you either don't want to put enough money in or buildings that are more comfortable to live in right so bricks are much mud bricks are much cheaper than stone so if you're just building these huge store houses and by the way sieze has pi-ramesses has these big houses and so does pit them but it's argued that came from a later date anyway these store these big warehouses exist and this is uh and also I should just mention palaces are also made from my brick they're not made from the more expensive stone the reason being that mud brick stays cooler in the day and it stays warmer at night so for the comfort of their feet I guess Kings prefer to build the palaces with mud bricks and they all know that their successors will build a new palace anyway but temples and pyramids you want out of stone because you want them to last alright thing I want to mention just the ingredients because I have that here if you look at here at chapter five verse seven you'll see that stubble this our stroll a lot of times you see it it can be translated as straw or stubble to make the bricks so this is the real deal if you look here these are some mud bricks that were made in modern times but that's what it is it's it's the it's the alluvial soil from the Nile it's the sand from the same area and then also stroll those are the three key ingredients and just to mention real fast this the picture kinda obvious but right here what you're looking at is a our Semitic Slade's actually making mud bricks this is it doesn't mean they're Jews but these are Semites making mud bricks this picture is interesting as well because these are Semites working in a vineyard they're making wine and we always talk about the building the palaces or the misnomer that we're building pyramids if you look though on on verse 14 it also says and all kinds of labor and the fields and here you have a picture of Semites both of these are from an actual tomb in Egypt you have pictures of semi semitic slaves working in the field that's a good stuff right all right now the dating controversy is about the most frustrating and difficult part of this lecture to research and I've spun myself around and around and around so what I'm going to do tonight is it's kind of give you a brief overview but I'm not about to go through all the details you'll see how my little iceberg logo again I do have a couple good articles on it if you if you want to know more but dealing with the dates can be difficult to say the least now let's let's look here we've got a couple contradictory statements if you look at Genesis chapter 15 is telling us that that the Jews were oppressed for 400 years and then the fourth generation will then return to the land of Kanaan now this is already self contradictory because a fourth generation and 400 years in fourth generation well in modern times usually think look at that it's about 25 years per generation even even so whatever whether you put 25 or 50 years that's not 400 years second line second line we'll look at Exodus chapter 12 verse 40 the Jews dwelled in Egypt for 430 years alright so then we've got it we got it wait here says 400 and here it says 430 well here it I shouldn't say they were there for just that they were slaves or 400 this says they dwell 430 so this is just to give you a taste this whole conversation is bullet point number one right here so we are using the 210 year figure for how long the Jews were actually in Egypt and this gives you the math so the clock actually started when Isaac was born because that was when when Abraham's Auber hamsa journeying started even though he wasn't quite in Egypt yet but it continues his journey and then Jacob's descent will really Joseph and then Jacob coming into Egypt and then you can see here it gives you the it gives you the nice numbers that Jews were there for 124 years slowly losing rights and they were slaves the last 86 years this all works out very nicely with this bottom corner so if you look at the bottom right this is kebabs for binnacle timeline and this is this is what I'm following for Jewish dates but the the basic calculation here is this this four hundred years that was actually two hundred and ten in Egypt and in this number 480 years since Exodus so if you look here the beta make - so that's the temple built by Solomon in 833 BCE and that was we're told in Kings that this was exactly 480 years after the exodus so that takes you back to 1313 so for I'm gonna leave this subject if you want to know more let me know but that's that's the that's our dating dilemma now I told you when I started you had to give me about 10 minutes or so to do pure Egyptian history so we're now entering that ten minutes that I want to give you the background information you need to know to appreciate the rest of this lecture so I know you're here for Exodus but let me give you a little bit of info on Egyptian history and then we'll have some fun with how it all plays out so I'm starting with King Tut King Tut has nothing to do with the wrecks of the story you may occasionally read otherwise by some questionable sources but King does nothing to it that I just want him here because I know he's a recognizable base point for basically everyone and if you look here on the left I had the order of Pharaohs I did leave a couple very minor short live Pharaohs out but this is the this is everyone I talk about today in order so you can see where we are on the list this is King Tut so King Tut dies in 1322 BCE due to questionable circumstances but that's not for a lecture that's another lecture I have when when King Tut dies he's replaced by I I was a was an administrator in his government who somehow was able to usurp the power I obviously didn't serve very long and when he died he was replaced by Horemheb oh and I realized most his names are unfamiliar to you that's fine I was trying to get you to Ramses okay so Horemheb was a highly successful general and when he got the job not only was he a great general but he was also a great administrator and he he he created a number of reforms in his administration that stabilized Egyptian government and really the country in general and set it up for its future success however form have had a weakness and that was that he was already an older individual older for that day and he was probably in his sixties I'm one with in any one but he was probably in his 60s that was an older time for him he was past childbearing age and he he had no descendants to pass the the kingship on to so he realized I'm totally the guys was a great leader he realized that he had this problem and he wanted to fix it so what he did was look at someone like himself he wanted to find it very successful general but a general that had children specifically had sons so he identified a general who he considered probably the second best general not a young guy but probably the second best general but this guy had a son who was already like a you know a mid officer like a captain or a major in the Egyptian army and this the son already had a bit a toddler a baby so this son already had another son so you had these three generations of males with the two adult ones already successful army officers so horn had tabbed as his lasting gift to the Egyptian people as he tab this general whose name was Peres masu soap arimasu is not now the new Pharaoh in para mas who is going to start the new dynasty so Horemheb ends the 18,000 dynasty and we start the nineteenth dynasty now you're gonna look at this list and be like well where's para masu when para mas suit became Pharaoh he changed his name to Rameses so you see there's actually you can see his mummy here so this is Ramses the first this is not Ramses the great where he torian's he's the great in a minute but this is so Ramses the first as I mentioned he was already an older individual when he got the role a lot of the reason he got the role was not as soon as a great general but his son was a good young officer so after a couple years right he's the first Pass passes and his son takes over his son who was that captain major type officer is now the new Pharaoh and he is setting the first so SETI the first he he has a long enough rain ten plus years that he's able to get Egypt Egypt back on a sable foot considering we're starting a brand new dynasty here it's always very dangerous in the ancient world when a family's dying out a new royal family starts so said he was able to stabilize the family he was a very successful general and a lot he he had a number of campaigns and I'm it's not in the place tonight to go through each of his campaigns but I want you to kind of look at his area of action and that's what these two maps are for so he was dealing with a couple other empires of the time we we have the Hittites this were Turkey yesterday and then we have the Mitanni which is kind of like northern Iraq Syria a little bit of Armenia is this this area is Mitanni now seddie and Mitani I'm sorry said he as the the Pharaoh of Egypt in Mitani teamed up and they actually pushed the Hittites back so if you look at the second map you'll see the Hittites are not as big as they are in the first map and that's because the Egyptians and bataknese have had really teamed up and pushed them back but the Hittites were waiting for the opening for revenge and that's gonna that's gonna take us to our next pharaoh now when SETI the first died if you remember when he got the job it was cuz his father was a successful general he was the successful younger son and then he had a son himself who was a toddler at the time but this toddler was all of our toddler he was now a young man and this young man is going to be ramses ii or as we know Ramses the great and Ramses Ramses by the way there's a lot of alternative stories but we're gonna put the details together tonight and you're gonna see why ramses ii is it has been identified over and over again as the the Pharaoh of the Exodus alright so let's let's look at some quick facts here about Ramses the great he reigned 67 years that's a tremendous period of time in any day and age particularly in the ancient world he he was born in around 1300 BC it's great you see his mummy here the money is very well preserved he's five so and let me switch back to us but look at the nose here this this aqualen nose and then if I switch back to his father his father also has the same awful eye nose but anyway so you'll see here that when they thought when they found the mummy he has Albarn hair which is that's like a cool detail okay you find the mummy you know what his hair color is but the guy let me look how long he drank he was in his 80s when he died how did they know he had auburn hair I can only guess that he was dying I don't think he could put off the years that well but so we're gonna be talking a lot more about Rameses and we move on to the next slide here so this was the world - Ramses and he followed his father's tradition of repeated campaigns and you can see from this map on the right how many campaigns he had into the same area now those of you have heard a few my Egyptian lectures have heard this before so please forgive my repetition but Egyptians believed that Egypt was holy land and they did not be as part of the religion did not want to die outside of Egypt because it can affect them in the afterlife so it was very hard for Egypt to hold their an empire beyond the Egyptian border because their own own soldiers did not want to stay there very long and so because of that really more than anything else you see repeated invasions throughout history over and over and over again because they may be able to take an area but they have a hard time holding it after that okay let's now I want to spend a minute looking at the the cities that are relevant for the Exodus story and you'll see once again I've highlighted the key verses so if you look here at chapter at Genesis chapter 45 dwell on the land of goshen we get a repetition here right chapter 9 of Exodus duong the land of Goshen the Goshen is this northeastern quadrant of the Delta all right let me go back to the wonderful so we're we see we're arborists ogress is it's actually and another name for PI Ramsey so just know that we're like really dealing with this section of the Delta and that's not controversial I mean there's someone may argue whether they were Jews there or not but this was the area that that Semites populated and no one's gonna argue with that just because the the proximity to land and Kanaan also this area was was better for for shepherds and of course we know Egyptians did not like shepherds but so many people were shepherds so it just it all comes together now I want to point out a few cities here so once again we're talking about our pit them and Rameses so I like this map because it's showing you where the city of Rameses is right and we see where the city of pipin is both of these have been identified through archaeology so Rameses actually PI Rameses and pit them is actually not hit them but PI a tomb so that PI which is the same route is what's in Pharaoh that that P sound at the beginning just just means it's like the house of the place of so pi Rameses is is the house over the place of Rameses and pit them which is really PI atone is the house of the god of tomb but anyway I think it's it's great that these have been located and there's another one as well but I'll point out and that's Sukkot and I don't mean the Jewish holiday if you if you look here at Sukkot it's a there's not only is the anxious City but been located but also there there's an Egyptian name for it which is Zaku and then even better in Arabic his Masuka so that ma if you drop which is the determinant and just say suka that sounds a lot like suka and so anyway this city has been named this is not only listed here when we see the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth but the city is known so it's great when you have these landmarks that they can be found through archaeology there is another slide I chose not to use because I didn't want to worry y'all too much with the maps but the route that you follow in the Exodus and you can see a good part of it here I actually have another map that keeps going all the way up into Kanaan in how many of the stops have been identified by archaeology I don't think it's particularly important important to our specific Exodus discussion tonight but I will say if you look that it's known through archaeology why the Jews did not follow the main road here right the way of Horus and that's because each of these cities have a significant Egyptian fort so it makes logical sense the Jews struck coming up and like oh wow I'm not gonna go to this whole way and one fort after another have to fight through I'm gonna go around so it this city has been located all the forts are should say all but there's plenty of known forts that have been identified so it makes sense they're not going to take the king's highway when there's a more peaceful way around alright and that's all I'm going to say about the route tonight if you want if you want to know more about I can send you a couple articles okay now we're gonna see where history were the story of Ramses the great history is gonna meet the archaeology and I'm gonna talk about the Battle of Kadesh for a minute now the Battle of Kadesh Kadesh was the highlight in Ramses head of his his career as Pharaoh although he did it very early on so only in his fifth year of his reign was the Battle of Kadesh so this is the sequel to his father SETI so I had said before said he went in and he was fighting the Hittites and armed and he was teaming up with the Mitanni people here so the Hittites now ready for their revenge you can see that the maps got a lot more green for the Hittites so the last time we looked at it and the two forces are going to face off in the town of Kadesh now the the Mitanni people are being pushed back from the Hittites and they consider the Egyptians to be failing them because be allies but they can't take on this the new might of the Hittites so Ramses comes marching in - it's really a Lebanon to invade and he charges through Lebanon and he he has 20,000 soldiers with them and the story is important here so he marches in with 20,000 soldiers they're actually split into four armies he's got four armies of 5000 and he's kind of like a little fifth group word he's got himself in his elite org well he's marching in with one of his armies and his Elite Guard and they find a couple spies and they grab these two spies and they torture him and they tell them that the Hittites are way far away so Ramses isn't worried about the spies and he rushes in to the hit I tear Tory but meanwhile it's a trap these are double agents they they the armies coming they find these other two spies and they torture them and ask him what's going on and like haha we're right over the curve from you you're toast and then it's almost like in a movie the Hittites come pouring over the mountains are over the hills and Ramses one army that's with him that one army of 5,000 like takes off running so what does Ramses the great do this is why he's the great he with his Elite Guard charges full steam ahead into this entire and bading army and he's able to hold them off long enough for his own for his second unit to get there so the second unit of 5,000 and then by that time the Hittites have another army coming in but at that time the third army of the Egyptians get there and the day actually ends in a droll there's a second day of battle the second day of battle things are going okay for the Egyptians but and the Hittites actually approached them first to ask for peace but at the end of the day the two sides agree they come to a truce and they call off the rest of the battle so the battle ends at after after two days now that's the archaeological portion of the story but when you go to Egypt any there's at least 10 inscriptions involving the Battle of Kadesh and there's four major reliefs of the heroic Ramses the great not only fighting off but defeating the entire hit ID army by himself so he came back and use this as a political coup as our search should say a public relations coup to say you know I single-handedly led to the defeat of the Hittites and by the way for a long time Egyptologists believed that that the Egyptians did actually win the Battle of Kadesh and it's only been in the last few decades as the truce really came out because the records from the Hittites have been found and more informations been gathered in it really was a troll but give Ramses the great credit it seems that he really did leave this this counter torsion and saved his army so he was proud of himself for and he made sure everyone knew he was problem stuff for it so what does this have to do with our lecture so now I'm gonna give we're gonna go through a little bit of analysis together so I'm not just like feeding everything to you okay this is more we'll just call a circumstantial but it's it's a nice picture if you look here this is one of the reliefs of Ramses the great fighting all the Hittites you see the horse and rider are in the sea and you see they're all drowning here and you can look here with the line from from Exodus which are saying Dara's horses came with the chariots and his horsemen into the sea and a horse and it's rider were cast of the sea so this is a very visual element that we think of with Exodus but what's the connection this was the legend of Ramses the great day like all the school kids after this when they had to copy a story in school they were copying the story of Ramses the great the imagery of this battle was everywhere so it was ingrained in anyone's head who was who lived in Egypt during this time so that so now it's going to be more relevant we look at her next ones okay I want you to look at this this relief careful we're gonna zoom in on this in a minute so this right here is ranches the grants army and this right here is the camp you can see the dead bodies here they couldn't get through the camp but you this if you notice this barrier these are like little shields that are all put together and they form a barrier wall so this is his camp now I'm going to zoom in on this blue shaded area okay so this is the blue shaded area that we just had and now and here's a colorized version of it okay just so it's a little bit clearer I've got this colorized version now what I want you to compare it to is the tabernacle so the tabernacle or the Mishkan in Hebrew is the the tent synagogue that the Jews set up and traveled with so this is not me this is theirs there's been two different archaeologists I've seen that have a pretty large write-up about this the similarity but if you look at the dimensions of the Ramses camp along with the tabernacle they're exact same dimensions exact same relative length and width and then if you look at the reception tent that's this for about to zoom in on this but if you look at Ramses the great stint within his camp and compare that to the holy tent the Holy of Holies inside the Mishkan the dimensions once again are exactly the same now remember I just said this imagery is all over ancient Egypt now I've zoomed in again so this is the tent that you see and I know Matt Kerr loves that I worked in Indiana Jones into this presentation but if you look here this is the zoomed in tent of Ramses the great and then if you look what is this right so you look here and what is this you have these these two horus Eagles facing each other with their wings out and there's a stone between them and that looks a lot like the Oracle the Covenant particularly the version that you seen Indiana Jones which has to be the real version right now what's the stone in between them now we think of the Ten Commandments being here but there the Egyptians also show a stone and that is this right here this is a replica so this is the cartouche of Ramses the great so this is Ramses the great snake so these worshipers are worshipping ramps is the greates name in between the wings of these these these horus birds and you see here the here's the description of the Shura being from that you see here from the Torah so anyway fun stuff does that prove anything no but it's definitely interesting the imagery would be very unique so that's what makes it stand out is it's almost like whoever was describing in the Torah how all the stuff got put together was trying to use an image that people of that day would understand so they picked an image that was all over the place and in Egypt okay let's get back to our history let's talk about Rameses family Ramses was it was a family man I know somebody looking as a bad guy we're gonna look at it just kind of a neutral party here to analyze the guy tonight not I'm not passing judgment at the moment but so Ramses was was a family man he loved his mother how do you know that there's actually more surviving statues for his mother than any other Pharaoh built so that's saying something right there he also was really into his great wife never Authority I should say that each if at the time didn't have Queens they had great wives so if you were the top-ranking life you were the great wife Nefertari was his great wife he did something special for her as well he actually built her a temple so Nefertari got her own temple which you can still visit today that that her husband Ramses built for her she would die relatively young which we'll come back to that a couple other of the the wives I I think are worth mentioning is first it's no ferret it's no ferret is the mother so she was never the great wife but she was the mother that's Myrna the mother of Ramses the great successor and we're going to talk a lot more about Minato later so that's his mother and then the other one I'll mention is is Montana Farah mana Foreign Affair Oh was the daughter of the Hittites so eventually after supposedly this great victory reigns's the great signs a treaty with the Hittites and Duensing there's any exchange of land but as part of the treaty he got this hit I princess so that's so the reason I have her on there she's really kind of our living embodiment of peace between the Egyptians in the Hittites he had way too many sons to name because he reigned so long he outlived his first 12 sons the oldest one amoun herecome Shep I'm gonna mention again in just one second but he also died young I'm gonna mention that again in a second and then we then we have come Vasa now I like him and the reason I like him is although he was a prince although his father was the king of Egypt his favorite title was chief archaeologists and it shows the appreciation that the Egyptian people had for their past that a prince of the Pharaoh would be prouder of a seidel of chief archaeologists than his saddle of the prince so as being a history buff I gotta like that guy and then we're not who we'll talk about a little more later but he is a successor and he was the thirteenth son you make it easy fourteenth son some of this stuff is still you know not 100% but most people seem to think it's that he was the third thing okay Ramses epilogue and we're getting ready given to a lot more of the Exodus study but I wanted to give you this before we moved on before you have in the backyard so we talked about his great wife Nefertari we talked about his first son dying they both died around year 20 as far as year 25 of his reign and remember he reigned for 67 years so still fairly early in his reign both his wife and his son died and same firstborn son and it seems that they died very close together he also had a peace treaty show you the Hittites I mentioned that his bride his princess hi princess after this these occurrences there were no more foreign campaign so here as I showed you that map every year and its first few years he's campaigning suddenly something happened after around his 20th year he was a changed man he was a man of peace he was out his firstborn son and he wasn't the same again after that and you'll see here he died in 1213 BC as the dates are is the timeline chosen to use here he was in his eighties you can see from the mummy he was suffering from severe arthritis and very painful dental issues and he it seems he died of old age I mean like I say he's one who's 80s but he doesn't look this really foul play from what's been analyzed all right now let's get back into our Exodus studies here I want to look at etymology for a minute and any of my regulars know I really like looking at etymology to figure things out so I'm gonna look at a few things that we can gather from the from Exodus in the Torah so first of all if you look at the bottom left here Exodus chapter 1 when you deliver when you deliver the Hebrew women and you see and you see on the birth stool if it is a son okay this word birth stool is not actually what it says so the highlighted here in the Hebrew of the highlighted here in the Hebrew is haben I'm so this is actually the two stones so it's saying when you see on the two stones if it is a sign now that's a very interesting detail because Egyptian society back then had a unique way of giving birth and that is that women brace themselves on two stones when they gave birth no other ancient society did this that we know of and here you have an image of what I'm talking about here but the women are brace themselves so so they had they had space for giving birth and it's there's just no way someone who hadn't been to Egypt would come up with a rings like this it's it's so unique to Egyptian society a couple others that are along this similar similar vein if you look at Exodus chapter 10 verse 1 harden the heart and by the way it's not hard to find the next two lines I just grabbed the first to us all but this hardened the heart an outstretched arm hardened the heart outstretched arm you see it over and over those of us who just celebrated Passover heard it many times both of these phrases are not Canaanite they're not Akkadian or air man they're not Mesopotamian they are uniquely Egyptian phrases so when someone stubborn in ancient Egypt they believed their heart hardened that's a Egyptian phrase that's been translated into Hebrew and remember people thought that they're they think they thought with their heart right because when you're excited or you're scared or whatever you can feel your heart beating so people back then thought you had some sort of cognitive abilities with your heart and hardening your heart that makes sense when you're being you're being stubborn like you're not letting your heart beat outstretched arm is a similar thing it's an imagery used by Egyptian kings particularly in Ramses day in the 18th 19th dynasty where you have this outstretched arm from the king would be protecting people you did not say in imagery in Mesopotamia that wasn't a common phrase but it was a very common phrase and I wanted to pick up I said on mission one more time this is on Moon Arab chef this is the firstborn son of Ramses the great and you can look even at what his name means a moon is with his strong a moon is Egyptian god a moon is with this strong arm so even in the very name of Ramses the great first once on you you see this imagery let me talk about yum soup and really I probably should have had the little ice iceberg logo on yong-su I've got there's a lot of reading material on this but the going way of translating um super sea of reeds I know for a long time it was the Red Sea but the going way going rate is sea of reeds and by the way all the translations that I have in my house now say see a breeze so this would be kabobs good Nick Kalash this would be translation on hoborg this would be the stone homage and also the jps they all say they all say sea of reeds now where did this young suit become sea of reeds what's the connection so if you look at etymology of it the word in Egyptian is not actually soup its food so through an ancient Egyptian means read all right so yah means see Hebrew in Hebrew you mean see but this but foof would be read so we're saying soup well why is that well it got corrupted we moved to Hebrew just like my name is Seth and I married in Israeli my Israeli family cannot say Seth because there's a THM I name the alchemy set so in the beginning of a word instead of the TAS ound you get the S sounds the S sound so YUM poof is what it should have been but it became young sooth and that's that's where sea of reeds comes from in the fifth and final one I want to mention on the slide and I shoved a lot on here but what's in the name so in Jewish tradition and there's a couple different versions but the most common way of describing where Moses name came from it's a derivative of being drawn out of the water right the Egyptian princess bought you drew him out of the water took him out of the water and that's where emotion came from most Egyptologists and prospect probably all of them would not agree with that and I tend to favor their definition and the reason is let me explain Moshe the Hebrew version of Moses Moshe is actually the same root as these Pharaoh's names the Thutmose a-- that Moshe is born of the God Todd that's where the thought comes from right I know we always see it written with these ease but really it's raw Moshe remotion means born of the God raw then you have a mimosa Abu mosa is board of the God a moon you see where I'm going with this so Moshe actually means born of and I think it's highly symbolic of Judaism that the that here it is motion or a great leader is really born a blank he's not attached to any of these Egyptian gods he's his own man he's only attached to Hashem and I think the name is really telling us something that a lot of people miss that makes him unique that he's not subservient to any of these Egyptian gods he's his own guy and he's gonna lead his own people okay this is another slide I put a bunch on but it's it's got a lot of good information for you and I'm gonna be on it for a minute so the first time I talk about this year 400 Stella so the Year 400 Stella is not talking about the Jews and I don't you'd be hard-pressed to find any Authority really say that ho this is talking about the Jews I don't want it I don't want to convey that but what's interesting is is a Stella that was erected during Ramses the great rule that is celebrating 400 years of Semites being in the Delta now remember weird how about the dating earlier exactly 400 years of celebrating 400 years of Semitic people being in the Delta so that's amazing when you when you start when you add that to the equation what else we have in this this recipe now look at the for room house so I'm actually switching over here to the right side so this is the Israelite for room house this is nearly universally accepted as a house design unique to Israelites not Canaanite specifically Israelites and so when you have archaeologists looking at a site there's going to be two hints to them they have Israelites there say they're excavating in what's now Israel how do they know this is an israeli village there's gonna be two hints number one there's going to be no pork bones that's always a good hint number two there's a you're going to have this setup for the houses it's it's very unique to Israelites well it just so happens at the temple of Horemheb in Egypt you have these four room houses so this would if it was during Horemheb and by the way this is some debate on the dating but here it is the temple but matt is building remember or map is the one who gave us the Rameses dynasty so the Jews would have been slaves at that point and to see Israelite homes beside the temple of Horemheb where they were probably working as slaves building it's it's cool but like I said the dating is a little bit controversial but still these four room houses that are unique to Israel are definitely at the temple of Horemheb now I want to talk about that guru and I'll be rude this is actually a gigantic topic in it's part of another lecture I have a lecture on Joseph Joseph coming into Egypt in it's part it's a big piece of that lecture so like I did with the bricks you're only gonna get a very a small taste of that tonight but I want to talk about the bathroom so you're gonna notice that the similarities already between Hebrew and Habiru and ah Peru now don't worry about the starting with an a it's just because it's how you pronounce things so Hebrew if you looked at it with this book at that time you had multiple gutturals and Hebrew and other ancient languages so there was what we use anion for and in the and Hebrew I ain't used to have a very soft guttural like instead of hot it would be like ah like and so having an a should not throw you all from the similarity between a Peru and AH biryu in Hebrew so who are these guys so the the ha guru which are by the way they're in archeology in Egypt they're in archaeology and the land of Canaan and they're in they've been found all over Mesopotamian back to have this great map in the other lecture which shows you all the locations that they've been recorded in but they're arts all over the Middle East in Egypt so these are these are wandering people they are considered a lower class of society there they're definitely looked down upon they are used for cheap labor they're often captured by invading armies and they're enslaved there they're they're not particularly looked upon in a positive light but they're most active in the same area we're talking about and their Center is definitely the land of Kanaan so makes them very interesting not only that the records of them run from about 1800 BCE to 1200 BCE which Nell's the same time period as the life of abraham by some life of abraham all the way to to mow and the exodus it's exact same time period but I don't ones we're gonna move on here I went to about Pharaoh's magicians so parents magicians that on a picture for you and said I just want you to quickly read these verses here so you'll see in the beginning that the when when Moses and Aaron first came to Pharaoh and they had their bag of tricks right they Aaron turned the staff into the snake and and then they turned the Nile to into blood and this sort of thing the magician's of Pharaoh followed right after saying oh we can do that we can do that no big deal we can do that and then we get to the point where the plague with the boils and then we reach a new stage the magician say oh we can't do that we can't do that so I want to talk about what this tells us so first of all the story about the now being turned around or than all being turned to blood has multiple instances in ancient Egypt of other tales in fact there's actually a lot of soot that sometimes builds up in the Nile and it looks red just even on its own so it's not hard someone to imagine but they have their own legends about blood in the Nile what I want to get to is the fact that the Egyptians are saying saying these Egyptian magicians are saying they can't copy Moshe now what's interesting about that is there's actually existing Egyptian magic books these some of the instructional books for these magicians still exist in fact there's one in in in London and at the British Museum and when the Egyptians when the Egyptians see something they need to do they look up in the book and they tell the Pharaoh or whoever or a song they need to the trick that they can do it but if they look up in the book and there's a trick not in the book then they are supposed to honestly say we can't do that just you know it's not the book we can't do it and and that's great because that kind of goes along here with the plagues like at first oh this is a known thing now I'm in the blood big deal we can turn the Nile red but then you get to this the these the harsher plagues and these throwing dust up and it becomes Boyle's suddenly look at the book like oh wait we can't do that and it's a nice little detail that as our story the other archaeological discovery that I want to talk about in Burnet Estela but we're going to talk about that at the end that's more of our closing piece okay let's talk about what happened we're switching back to our Egyptian history here let's talk about what happened after Ramses the great died so his thirteenth son Merneptah becomes the new king the new Pharaoh now he was gay I remember as that was was pretty old Merneptah was already in his 60s when he took over he only reigned for ten years was still in a bad life in that point in human history he had multiple campaigns mainly in Libya but he also had at least one campaign into the land of Connaught and he left a wonderful record of that call to Manette Bastilla so that's what I just mentioned I want to talk about that at the end it's a key point of any Exodus discussion when you talk about Egyptian archaeology now Merneptah had a legitimate son but he disappeared we don't know what happened Merneptah after he passed away if she went on to a sign it didn't instead of went to his half-brother and this is probably a half-brother that he wasn't too close to ami Moshe I mean Moshe may have been the one responsible for Manette those son dying we may never know but anyway he was illegitimate son of Pharaoh he seized power but he only ruled for a brief period of time when I wanted to mention about emotion that was his nickname he actually signed documents Moshe which is very so there's actually the name Moshe in Egyptology as well all right after Abu Moshe passed away we then get to a much more unstable period you see on the top there we had in 23 years we had four different pharaohs and I remember Ramses the great by himself reign for 67 years now reading this period we have four pharaohs in 20-something years the last ruler of the nineteenth dynasty was actually a queen it was a woman and again Queen didn't exist in ancient Egyptian she would have took taken the name Pharaoh in fact I have another lecture on this character she's one of my favorite characters in Egyptian history this is absolute sit and afters have invented this this title and Pharaoh to mask the fact that she was a woman that's for another time but anyways her but the fact that she was queen already tells you there's some instability in fact if you look here her husband was steady the second okay and he you can see he only ruled for a couple years it was hard for him to even take the throne but you see there's a gap here right so you got between he died in 1202 she took over eleven ninety three there were she was a regent for a number of different younger pharaohs there was a lot of instability and just the fact that she took the throne says a lot for her as a female that she was able to take the throne but she had a short range only reigned for two years and that when she died that was the end of the xix dynasty so after that we're going to sort of xx honesty's they were now kind of the Golden Age of ancient Egypt was now past alright this is the Merneptah stella and that's that's what i want to look at next now the Merneptah stella is very significant for two reasons number one it is the earliest recorded mention of Israel in archaeology this was first not only that it's the only ancient mention I'm sorry the only mention of of Israel in ancient Egypt so this came from a from Flinders Petrie and for those who you've been on my other lectures you know he's my favorite Egyptologist so Flinders Petrie knew when he was alive as soon as he found this in fact he was quoted as saying this will be the discovery people remember me by this will be my greatest discovery and he was pretty much always right about everything so he was right about this too so this is what he's known best for let me give you a little bit of information here so first of all you can see the hieroglyphs I actually added this extra image it's it's not on the original but I want you to see how how it breaks down because it's important for the discussion let me read you the it's actually most of us about the campaign in Libya so I'm going to get down here where I'm talking about the campaign in the land of Canaan says we'll talk about Kanaan Ashkelon is carried off and guesser is captured yo nom is made into non-existent Israel is wasted its seed is not now I don't show it here but trust me when you look at the names for Ashkelon and the names for gaza and yuh nom all these have a little determinative which which kid it's an extra identification in hieroglyphics Kanaya form has it too if it's a you know it's like a god it'll be a star or if it's a town that'll have like a little castle looking thing in this sort so when when you reach Ashkelon and you reach gazer and you reach your arm each one has the little determinant of icon that means that it's a town but suddenly you get to the fourth one you get to israel and this is your determinated now this right here that determinant means a people so this is you don't pronounce it it's just telling you what you're reading it means a people so this is like stop the presses like that big of a deal 100 years ago they knew what they found when they found it what you have is Merneptah remember was the successor of Ramses the great ok this was somewhere and the next few decades after an sees the great died he fought a group of people called the Israelites and nan-oh he said he wiped them out but that's all in Gyptian you know every time the Egyptians are fight they wiped every one else I don't mean anything but he's saying he fought a people not a town it's not a country yet it's a people of Israel and it's very soon after his father dies so this is hits the period of Israelites wanderings right at the latest it could be maybe where the judges have started but you have a wandering people that have not established a permanent home yet and so that's why this is such a shattering such an earth-shattering discovery okay now let's I want to say I give you a lot of information so let me summarize for you few things so we started off tonight we're talking about the kernel of truth so this is where we identify little pieces of our story that connect us with reality next we talked about the bricks in the store Alice's and how the Toro clearly tells us the Jews were making bricks and they were building store houses and archeology has found that didn't run through the geography we talked about the main cities pi-ramesses we talked about hit'em we talked about the route that the Jews took that it was the logical route and same with the archaeology has shown the same way the Torah tells us they took we have the the imagery of Egypt and that's what I meant by the Battle of Kadesh where you have like this this picture that was all over the place in Israel and then we see the same type of imagery described in the Torah we talked about the dating and the chronology let me just say in general the chronology works and whether the rabbi's dates and the the in the Egyptologists dates are 50 years old when you're about thousands of years 50 year march of air isn't too bad you know uh it's the chronology is it's good even if the years are a few decades off let me talk about the etymology so we talked about these Egyptian these uniquely Egyptian expressions that someone would not know about unless they actually had experience in Egypt then we talked about our archaeological discoveries that we had the four-room house in Egypt we had the the Habiru the Hebrew people we talked about the magician's I want to go back to a point I said earlier and I'm gonna close with a few thoughts first off let me remind you somewhere around the 20th year 22 2015 Ram sees the Great's reign his great wife died his firstborn son died he signed a peace treaty with his with his mortal rivals and he never fought a campaign again he was a changed man somewhere around his 20th year we had the Merneptah Stella that chose the next generation of leader his son in his son fighting the fighting Israelites and this is what I really want to focus on these three lines because these are all facts to ponder okay these are the facts that you can see them it's it misses it I'm noticing no one anywhere dispute them but this is the majority train of thought first of all the Torah clearly states Jews help build the city of Pi Ramses okay it says it right there in writing even if you don't believe it you can't deny that it says that it definitely says that number two pi-ramesses only existed and I kind of brushed heard of this earlier I wanted to say this at the end pi-ramesses only existed for about two hundred years what happened around 1060 is the because of the silting you've intervene damage insulting was a problem the Delta because of silting they actually had to pick up and move the city so you have this period of time this it's frozen in time that pi ramses was at this place for like two hundred years and if the Jews were helping to build it they would have had to have build it around the beginning closer to 1280 BCE next what we just talked about the Merneptah Stella that the people of Israel were in we're in the land of Canaan it says the people of Israel it didn't say the country didn't say the town says the people of Israel and it's been dated to about 1208 BCE these three facts are absolutely amazing if you think about it the Juke we're told the Jews weren't by Ramses we know when parenthesis existed and by the way I Ramsay ceased to exist in 1060 so people saying that Jews just made everything up around 500 or 600 BCE no one would know this town even existed back then I mean it's not going to be remembered 500 years later that this town was there so this is absolutely amazing that we have these 200 years and time frozen and then finally were able to and you may argue five years left or right but we're able to very closely date this Merneptah Stella down about the people of Israel so this is really kind of your WoW moment all right so with that I just wanted to say that I can't truly prove that the Exodus happen assign my gold or prove with X has happened but my goal was to give you some material to think about to see that it's not so hard to fathom that that that this really happened that we really are basing the Torah on this truth and the Jewish people did come out of Egypt to form their their nation-state so with that I'm good you are welcome to ask questions if you want to if you like these lectures and want to see another one you history Baiju at gmail.com I have an email address we have a email so not once a week it'll let you know whenever I'm talking where and when although it would be on zoom' for a while and you're happy everyone on tonight is welcome to sign on and and listen anytime so do I have any questions

Channel: Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages

Views: 26,813

Keywords: the exodus, exodus decoded, Bible, Torah, Bible History, Judaism, Jewish History, Hebrew, Ancient Canaan, Ancient Egypt, Bronze Age, Bronze Age Collapse, Biblical, Biblical Archaeology, Did the Exodus Happen, Ancient Mesopotamia, Biblical History, Ancient Israel, ancient israelites, ancient israelites history, Ancient Judah, Old Testament, ten plagues of egypt, ancient history, Ancient Hebrew, Jew, canaanites, Hittites, Sumer, Sumerian, Habiru, bible movie, bible lecture, History

Id: kOlKa_ER81I

Length: 83min 18sec (4998 seconds)

Published: Wed Jun 17 2020