AP Government: Civil Liberties & Supreme Court Cases Review

hi and welcome back to mr. Raymond's social studies academy for our AP review on civil liberties and this one's going out to some of my former AP gov Hall of Famers and just reminder that this is a review lecture so be sure to subscribe for more detailed lessons on these topics coming soon in this lecture and our next we're going to cover civil liberties and civil rights and think of civil liberties that we'll talk about today as protections for individuals while civil rights protect groups of people the purpose of the Bill of Rights our Constitution's first 10 amendments are to protect citizens civil liberties remember at the beginning of our course it was the anti-federalists that insisted on the Bill of Rights being added to the Constitution to protect the people from the possibility of governmental tyranny and one of our AAP essential understandings for this course is how provisions of the Bill of Rights have historically been interpreted and updated mostly through Supreme Court decisions which will be the focus of this review so let's start with the First Amendment the one that most Americans are familiar with providing our five freedoms religion speech press assembly and petition we're going to first look at freedom of religion which provides us with two of our must know cases for the AP and you will need to identify two clauses for freedom of religion the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause the Establishment Clause was created to ensure that the federal government would not create an official religion but over time has been interpreted to ensure that the government does not favor any religion over another and creates what Thomas Jefferson referred to as a wall of separation between church and state or church and the government our landmark Supreme Court case that we need to know for the Establishment Clause is angle versus vie Tao in their ruling the Supreme Court stated that the practice public schools reciting prayers was a violation of the Establishment Clause and declared the practice unconstitutional the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment was created to protect citizens from interference with their religious practices from the government for the Free Exercise Clause you need to know the case of Wisconsin versus Yoder in which the Supreme Court ruled that Amish citizens in Wisconsin were entitled to remove their children after eighth grade as compulsory education was interfering with their religious lifestyle and practices so next let's look at freedom of speech another dearly held right in America but like all rights there are some limits in the case of Schank firs of the United States the Supreme Court upheld the arrest of Charles shank who was arrested under the Espionage Act that was passed during World War 1 for passing out leaflets encouraging men to avoid the draft though shanks lawyers argued his First Amendment free speech rights had been violated the Court established what's called the quote/unquote clear and present danger test in other words speech that is considered dangerous to the public good was not protected by the First Amendment okay so now we're gonna look at what your AP will refer to as symbolic speech and that brings us to a case called tanker vs. Des Moines Iowa School District this was a case of three students who had been suspended for wearing black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War in the Supreme Court ruling they expanded free speech to the concept of freedom of expression that speech could be more than just words and that even students in the school setting were entitled to civil liberties meanwhile freedom of the press is the focus of a case that also took place during the Vietnam War and this was the case known as the New York Times versus the United States The Times had been releasing classified documents referred to as the Pentagon Papers and the government claimed a concept known as prior restraint or the right to block publication of an article prior to going to press of stories that involve classified information the court ruled against the government striking a blow against the concept of prior restraint and strengthening the freedom of the press okay so let's go to the second amendments right to bear arms and for our Second Amendment case we're going to look at a concept we talked about during our federal lesson incorporation or sometimes known as selective incorporation and this is the concept of spreading the Bill of Rights to the states hopefully you remember that the Fourteenth Amendment passed after the Civil War said that quote/unquote no state shall deny no state due process of law or equal protection of the law and this made the Bill of Rights applicable to state governments whereas before it had only been protections from the federal government the Second Amendment concept of the right to bear arms for self-protection was incorporated to state laws in a case called McDonald vs Chicago after the city had enacted strict gun laws thus providing a precedent against some firearms legislation okay so our next big area of civil liberties are mostly due process amendments and associated Supreme Court cases and remember due process includes the procedures that the government must abide by most frequently with those accused of a crime we'll start by looking at the Fourth Amendment which protects individuals from unreasonable search and seizure what you need to know for your exam about the Fourth Amendment is what's referred to as the exclusionary rule and this goes back to a former AP required case called Mapp versus Ohio after an Ohio woman was arrested by police who had used a fake search warrant the Supreme Court established the principle of the exclusionary rule that all evidence found in an illegal search must be excluded from criminal court cases for the Fifth Amendment which includes a variety of protections you want to know your facts about the Miranda versus Arizona case which involved a person's right not to incriminate themselves during police interrogation and this is part of the Fifth Amendment you're probably familiar with a Miranda warning in which a suspect must be informed of the rights including the right to remain silent from the Fifth Amendment where you do not have to incriminate yourself as well as the sixth amendments provision in titling suspects the right to a lawyer this brings us to the incorporation case of Gideon versus Wainwright in which a lawyer must be provided to those who cannot afford one a practice that was only guaranteed to federal defendants at the time so let's end our must know civil liberties with the right to privacy which to many is surprisingly not an express protection in the Bill of Rights although has certainly been interpreted to be implied in several amendments most often the Fourth Amendment and this brings us to the final case of this lecture Roe versus Wade which you probably know as the case that legalized abortions however what the AP test wants you to associate with this case is the right to privacy as the Supreme Court ruled that abortions were a private decision between a woman and her doctor' thus establishing the right to privacy precedent and that is it for our brief overview of civil liberties next up is civil rights but until then stay safe my friends

Channel: Mr. Raymond's Civics and Social Studies Academy

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Keywords: AP Government Civil Liberties, AP Gov Civil Liberties, AP Government Landmark Supreme Court Cases, AP Gov Exam Review, AP Government and Politics, AP Government Mr Raymond's Social Studies Academy, #APGov, #APGovernment, #APGovernmentCivilLiberties, #APGovSupremeCourtCases

Id: IsZItY7ar9k

Length: 8min 20sec (500 seconds)

Published: Sat May 02 2020