AP Gov Review: Video #5, Federalism

hey up people we have such an important video for you today this one is all about federalism absolutely 100% guaranteed to be on your test definitely need to know this so let's Dive Right In so I'm going to give you a brief intro into what Federalism is all right is the division of powers between the national also known as the federal or central government and states and since the Inception of the Constitution power has slowly or rapidly at certain times moved towards the national government but the idea of Federalism is there are certain powers the federal government has there are certain powers the state government has and this is also called a federal system of government Federalism is so you could see it listed as federalism or simply a federal system of government all right here is what I do when I teach federalism I use a brief analogy between principles and teachers so in my classroom there are certain things that I can do as a teacher and there are certain things that the principal can do and there are certain things that both can do so for teachers well I can assign homework I've never known a principal to assign homework to students I also teach principal does not teach they deal with different issues and I also give grades now for principles they can suspend students I cannot I do not have the authority to do that principles can also hire teachers and create schedules so they determine who is teaching what and what student is in what classroom for both what is something we share well we each can give detentions if a student does have their homework or something I can give them a teacher detention and we would go over it and that we can both also call parents so this is federalism specific things given to me the teacher specific things given to the principal and specific things given to each of us that is what I want you to kind of think of as we explore this so let's go over a brief visual of feder the real federalism so for States this is established in the 10th Amendment which we talked about in the last video which says any powers not given to the federal government belong to the states so some examples of this include education and Licensing professionals I live in New York state and I had to get licens to be a teacher in New York state if I move to Ohio if I have a midlife crisis and want to live in Cincinnati again I would have to get certified by Ohio the state of Ohio and States also regulate marriage and divorce laws although the Supreme Court recently stepped in with their ruling on gay marriage now the national government they can coin money there they're the ones that make money they can also declare a war guess what New York State can't declare war in Canada can't do in New York so that's a national government power they also make treaties they also make treaties and establish post offices now for both of the national government and state governments they both can collect taxes I pay taxes to New York State I pay taxes to the federal government and they both can enforce laws within their jurisdictions and they can borrow and spend money so keep this visual in mind throughout this course okay so article one section 8 of The Constitution stipulates something known as enumerated powers and these are powers that are specifically mentioned in the Constitution that are given to Congress that's your coiny money taxes Etc that we just talked about the elastic clause everybody Circle this bad boy for me right now very important this is also known as the necessary and proper clause in the states that Congress to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing Powers so this gives Congress the ability to make laws that are necessary and proper so debates emerged over the interpretation of the Constitution after its creation so you have a strict interpretation which was followed by Jefferson and his followers who basically said unless the Constitution says you can do something you can't and on the that hand we had a loose interpretation with Hamilton and his followers who said listen bro unless the Constitution says you cannot do something then you can and the first real debate that that showed the strict versus loose was the creation of the bank of the United States which was part of Alexander Hamilton financial plan I got a video in the description for you if you want to see it all right so let's look at the 10th Amendment talked about it in the ven diagram it states the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states respectively or to the people so really plain English what does it mean if it's not a responsibility of the national government as stated in the Constitution such as declaring war coining money then guess what it belongs to this States things like marriage licensing professional speed limits education Etc that's the 10th Amendment for you now states rights Advocates people who are weary of a strong central government this is what they point to to limit the scope and power of the national government so let's talk about dual federalism couple different types of federalism you'll need to know dual dual federalism really Ur occurred from the creation of the Constitution to FDR's New Deal so this was really up until the 1930s and this is where powers divided clearly between both the national and state governments kind of like that vent diagram we looked at and is often described as a layer cake it is easy to tell the different layers here so this could be a federal layer here and this could be a state layer up there that is a big cake how delicious is that vanilla that's my favorite kind of cake unless we're talking about Cheesecake that's a whole another thing and there is a clear distinction between the two two layers so again you could have the national government there and the state governments there it's easy to tell where each layer begins and each layer ends and the power of the national government under dual Federal Federalism is narrowly interpreted it's a pretty clear distinction as I mentioned now since the New Deal we've moved towards something called cooperative federalism and this became more prominent as the size of the government grew under FDR's New Deal and this is where the states and the national government share powers and is often described as a marble cake where there's not a clean distinction between the two levels of government so here is your marble cake and you see here the two different flavors here are intermixed so this is where the the national government the state governments are sharing more responsibilities there's not that distinction between the two powers please be able to identify marble and layer cake as well so what are some examples well highways the interstate highway system in the 1950s that combined federal and state efforts to build so that used both Federal and local and state governments education we see under President Bush and under President Obama that the federal government has increasingly become more involved in education whether it's through No Child Left Behind or race to the top under Obama this is the idea that the federal government is spending more and becoming more something that has traditionally been reserved to the states so what are some elements of cooperative federalism well there's shared cost between the governments both state and federal and federal guidelines with requirements for States receiving money now the famous example is the raising the drinking age to receive Highway money drinking age is reserved to the states yet every single state the drinking age is 21 why well in the 1980s under President Reagan the federal government said listen States we want you to increase your drinking age to 21 but we can't make you because that is your that is a power given to you but what we can do is say if you don't we're not going to give you money for the highway system so that's why all the states raise their drinking age okay let's talk about Devolution this is also known as New federalism so what is it is transferring certain national government powers back to state governments and this really became popular in the 19 8s and 1990s and Ronald Reagan in his inaugural address said in this present crisis government is not the solution to our problems government is the problem and he was really trying to talk about the national government there so it's kind of shrinking the scope in the national government and the federal government follows this policy by providing grants so we're going to talk about different grants that you have to know number so the different types of Grants well we have categorical and these are the main source of Grant grants they have a very narrow clearly defined purpose so a project Grant is given on based on application so race the top I'm going to go back to education and Obama States had to apply or fill an application to receive money from the federal government for Education a formula grant is money that is distributed based on a formula mathematical formula without an application example is Medicaid so it's pretty simple you just you know work your little mathematical skills and states are given money based on a formula whereas a project you have to apply for know the difference between the two block grants is money that is given with discretion to states with how to spend these are probably States favorite types of Grants because the federal gr is basically saying here's some money and we'll give you the freedom to kind of choose how you are going to spend it holy cow know these different types of Grant please all right let's do a quick recap enumerated powers know what they are elastic clause where is it listed what is the purpose the 10th Amendment holy cow definitely absolutely know that dual federalism and cooperative federalism what are they and what's the difference between the two and when did the two kind of shift when did the government when did the United States shift from Dual to cooperative and then Devolution when does that come into play and what's to deal with that in those types of Grants we just talked about for test tips multiple choice 10th Amendment last of clause numerated Powers be able to identify all of those types of Grants I've seen multiple choice questions on those and and for free response how could federalism limit the power of the national government you could see some type of essay on that and the evolution of federalism over time as well all right guys that is it for the video on federalism I'm going to leave you with this glimpse of this delicious cake and in the very next video video number six we're going to talk about theories of democratic government thank you guys for watching if you have any questions or comments leave them in the section below I'll see you right back here for the next video and have a good day

Channel: Adam Norris

Views: 60,452

Keywords: AP Government, AP Government and Politics, AP Government Review, AP Gov Review, apgovreview.com, www.apgovreview.com, Government in America, Best AP Government Reviews, AP Review Videos, AP Gov Review Videos, Federalism, Dual Federalism, Cooperative Federalism, New Federalism, Devolution, Grants, Categorical grant, formula grant

Id: 8UsRIk0gqI0

Length: 10min 59sec (659 seconds)

Published: Sun Sep 06 2015