5 Kingdom Classification - GCSE Biology (9-1)

[Music] so all living organisms can be classified into groups based on a certain criteria it's important to do this symbology so that you can learn more about an organism from the others in its group but also it helps when you are discovering new organisms and trying to work out things about them and also when you are communicating with other scientists to be able to be talking about the same types of organisms and using a common language where you're describing them so one of the simplest forms of classification is to split living organisms into five different kingdoms the kingdoms are animals plants fungi protists and bacteria and in this presentation we're going to go through each of these five kingdoms and look at the common characteristics that they have which allow an organism to be classified into that particular Kingdom we're also gonna look at viruses even though they are not technically living things and therefore we do not classify them into kingdoms we are also going to talk a little bit a little bit about a viruses so plants animals fungi and protists are all what we call eukaryotic organisms well that means that their cells have a nucleus bacteria a very distinct separate group out of these five kingdoms because their cells are different they are fundamentally different they are what we call prokaryotic organisms because their cells do not have a nucleus so let's start off with plants our plants are multicellular their cells contain chloroplasts and therefore they can carry out photosynthesis making their own food what we call autotrophic they also have cell waters made of cellulose and they store their sugar as starch or sucrose now you can further classify plants into smaller and smaller subgroups but one of the biggest determining factors about what group of plant fits into is whether it flowers or not to do a non flowering plants and flowering plants flowering plants again there's all different types of farm plants but you've got things like cereals such as maize we might get things like herbaceous legumes like people ants okay animals now animals are also multicellular they get the nutrition from feeding on other organisms heterotrophic they are capable of movement from one place to another now all living organisms are capable of movement of some degree is one of the characteristics of living things but animals are complex the capable of more complex movement usually from one location to another location they have nervous coordination they don't have a cell wall or chloroplasts and do not fro synthesize and they store their carbohydrate as glycogen again you can further divide animals and you might divide them into invertebrates and vertebrates where they have backbones or not and an example of an invertebrate might be a most mosquito type insect an example of vertebrate might be a human like her a mammal funghi now fungi can be multicellular or unicellular the cell wall is made of something called chitin and it's made of a network of fibers called a mycelium of hyphy and they have many nuclei there multinucleated now they feed in a quite strange way they feed by something called saprophytic nutrition using extra cellular enzymes basically secrete enzymes onto their food the food breaks down externally from them from their cells and then they absorb by diffusion the resulting smaller nutrients that are now available after the digestion and they store their carbohydrate in the same form as animals do which is glycogen so as I said you can get single-celled funghi we can get most of fungus single-celled fungi and a common example is yeast I wish used for baking and brewing and most of the fungus is something like mukha which is the kind of stuff that you get growing on your moldy bread or moldy fruit Pro top tiss now Pro top diss are a strange collection of organisms they don't really fit into any other groups though often refer to as the dustbin kingdom because basically if it's not clearly a plant or clearly an animal clearly a fungally then it might probably end up in pro top 2 so some of the organisms here have animal-like characteristics some have more plant like characteristics they're nearly all single celled they're usually very very basic organisms and an animal like example would be something like an and a plant-like protists would be something like chlorella so the last Kingdom is bacteria like I said bacteria fundamentally different from the other four kingdoms we've already looked at they are all single-celled organisms and they're these cells are a lot smaller than the other cells we've been talking about they do you ever cell wall bacteria but it's made of something completely different to a fungus cell water plants of all this stuff is from it's called peptidoglycan some of them have that someone called a CAPTCHA or a slime layer which can help protect them in their environment they don't have a nucleus at all and they some have flagella these have little tails that allow them to swim around and they also contain things called plasmids plasmids these little singular loops of DNA which are which the bacteria have separate from their main DNA their main DNA is one circular chromosome and some bacteria can actually photosynthesize here's a diagram of a typical bacterial cell you see the plasmid and the flagella chromosome there in the middle and the membrane in the cell wall and the capsule and the outside a cell cytoplasm like normal cells as well some examples now bacteria classified further according to the shape of them here are some rod shaped ones lactobacillus bulgaricus now these are they actually the ones that used to make yogurt from milk you add it to milk to turn milk into yogurt and the ones the other ones are spherical shaped and they're called pneumococcus and these are actually the ones that cause the disease pneumonia so another thing to talk about in the topic is pathogens what is a pathogen because some of these organisms can be pathogen our pathogen is any organism that end up causing a disease it could be a fungus like athlete's foot it could be a bacteria like cholera it could be a pro top dislike Plasmodium which the the organism that causes malaria or it could be a virus such as influenza our pathogens because of their nature being ignored living organisms can be passed on from person to person organism to organism so they are the things that usually cause in effect disease as we call it now this leads on to talk more about viruses now as in viruses are not classified as living things because they're not made of cells and they do not carry out the characteristics living things that we've talked about in the other video they're actually much smaller than even bacterial cells these are tiny tiny tiny little things they are all parasites what that means is that they live and reproduce inside a host and cause the host heart they can't reproduce without a host to do it with they are made of Jacek material either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat so no membrane no cytoplasm no cell war these are not cells remember they're not living things and all natural viruses cause disease and they can infect every type of legal living organism it's not just humans to get infected by viruses plants get infected by viruses bacteria get infected by viruses here's some examples the tobacco mosaic virus now this actually infects plants and prevents the formation of chloroplasts which leaves these little patches all over the plant which is why it gets the name tobacco mosaic virus the HIV virus which is the one that infects a humans and destroys the immune system end up core causing AIDS and influenza which you loved all I heard about obviously which is the flu virus now here's a quick 10 true/false questions to check your knowledge on this topic if you just pause the video now and write down true or false for each one and then you can press play and test your knowledge after you

Channel: Mr Exham Biology

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Keywords: plants, animals, protoctists, fungi, bacteria, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, IGCSE, GCSE, Edexcel, AQA, Cambridge, OCR, Revision, flipped, learning, pathogens, virus, classification, taxonomy, binomial, photosynthesis, movement, nucleus, autotrophic, heterotrophic, saprotrophic, enzymes, hyphae, mycellium, chitin, cellulose, peptidoglycan, classification gcse biology 9-1, classification gcse biology, classification gcse 9-1, 5 kingdom classification system, five kingdom classification in biology, high school

Id: MBJp3CCqrxg

Length: 8min 17sec (497 seconds)

Published: Fri Oct 20 2017