25 Amazing Cases of Cosplay in the Animal World

this video was made possible by - name protect your personal information with - Lang for free at - Lancome / effects emotion this is a was but I think that's redundant to say everyone who lives in an area where these pesky little animals live knows how they look like mainly because they are striking color pattern makes it very easy to recognize them yellow and black striped it is unmistakable and therefore works great as a warning signal stay away or you will get stuff despite this or better because of this you can find these color patterns and other insects to harmless insects that don't have a way to defend themselves flies for instance perhaps the most well-known example are the hover flies most of them have similarly noticeably colored abdomens this makes these harmless insects quite conspicuous looking which normally would be a rather poor survival strategy if this didn't give them a striking resemblance with mr dangerous relatives that is because of this resemblance most animals show them the same respect and leave them alone this makes copying a more dangerous animal an effective defensive mechanism for these flies but flies on the only animals that use this strategy a whole range of animals made wasp cosplay their main form of protection beetles like the locust borer or the wasp beetle as well as a variety of moths a few mended flies and even a little jumping spider this survival strategy is called mimicry it works similar to camouflage both are ways to deceive predators or prey but instead of blending in with the environment in mimicry animals blend in with a different group of animals this can be done through appearance body shape color patterns and so on but also for sounds smells and behaviors fundamentally there are two types of mimicry on the one hand we have defensive mimicry so like all examples thus far mimicry as a form of protection against predators or other dangers the Sheep involves clothing so to speak on the other hand we have the opposite aggressive mimicry through which Predators can increase their hunting success the wolf in sheep's clothing in defensive mimicry there are few subgroups that all work slightly differently the type outlined earlier which is also the classical form is called Bateson mimicry here a harmless species has evolved to imitate a poisonous unpalatable or defensive species it is named after the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates who first described the phenomenon of mimicry after studying among other things butterflies in the Amazon rainforest as opposed to many of his colleagues at that time he not only collected rare and unknown species but also studied their behaviors and interrelationships during this research he noticed that among the groups of very commonly filming these species were rare specimens of an entirely different family of butterflies the period a what made the so remarkable was how closely they resembled the youth ami-nee in terms of wing shape coloration and flight behavior much more so than they resembled their closer relatives which were also common in the area in flight they were basically indistinguishable at that time noting an evolutionary theory could explain this phenomenon as neither a close relationship nor an adaptation to a similar habitat could explain the similarities in this case while observing these butterflies traits however noticed that despite the so many species being very abundant and slow flying he never once observed them getting eaten by one of the many insect predators in these forests thus he presumed they must be unpalatable which gave him the idea he supposed that if a different rare species that wasn't protected by innate ability would mix with the unpalatable ones they watch as long as they couldn't be distinguished from the originals similarly profit from the in edibility he named this phenomenon mimicry today this evolutionary mechanism is well documented through countless examples from all over the world as over the years different forms of mimicry were discovered and described this particular form of mimicry has received the name Bateson mimicry in his honor ends are particularly popular victim of this form of mimicry because most either taste bad or are very aggressive and are therefore normally avoided by other animals a multitude of insects and spiders use them as a model to make themselves unattractive for predators in spite us alone there are around 300 species known that protect themselves that way to further add to the deception some even permanently raise their forelegs in the air like a pair of antennae others count more and send the non appearance by mimicking the pheromones ends use to communicate they can avoid being detected by them which allows the spiders to live among them unseen and safe in insects and mimicry is also a popular defense tool you can find it at beetles box flies can even in these wingless wasps live use it to reduce the risk of spider attacks but most commonly you can find it in Louisville and Memphis stages of insects that prior to their metamorphosis into the adult form are much more vulnerable like in this caterpillar for instance a handful of grass of animals also Shane and Kenny resemblance with ends you can even find the strategy in some nymphal stages of preying mantises which is almost ironic considering that the animals they mimic for protection when they are young become their food when they grow up a number of stick insects similarly use an mimicry when they are young this is notable because when they grow up they will use a different form of deception by disguising themselves as leaves or sticks another interesting example of Bayesian mimicry is this caterpillar except that this isn't the caterpillar this is the first is the cheek of the sinless mana that lives in South America whenever its mother is out and about looking for food it crouches down and only moves very slowly due to its matching bright orange feathering it then almost perfectly resembles the poisonous caterpillar of the plenum of the harem these caterpillars contain venomous spines that can cause extreme pain inflammation and paralysis understandably predators usually leave them alone which means that the chicks due to their resemblance with these caterpillars are similarly protected but perhaps the most astonishing example of Bayesian mimicry is the mimic octopus thanks to the ability of octopuses to change both their colour and the body shape at will this species is not only capable of mimicking one dangerous animal but a whole range of them whichever seems best suited for the situation and the respective danger this can be venomous sea snails sea snakes or the highly venomous lionfish but mimicry doesn't always happen through manipulation of the appearance the borrowing all the small owl that nests an abandoned burrows of prairie dogs tortoises and Brodie's users especially warning call when it feels threatened this rattling and hissing sound mimics the recognize of the warnings of rattlesnakes which makes it an effective tool to dry predators away Betsy and mimicry is however as mentioned earlier not the only form of defensive mimicry another one is mullerian mimicry here two or more species all of whom being poisonous unpalatable evolved closely similar warning signals as a result a predator that has a bad first experience with one of them will due to the resemblance likely about all of them thereby decreasing the overall risk of being eaten for every individual in the group an example of this type of new McCree are bees and wasps which have evolved very similar warning signals if an animal knows from experience that his sting it would therefore avoid wasps - in the future and vice versa since all groups involved profit equally from this they are also labeled Cole mimics a particularly visually impressive example of this type of mimicry our two most species of butterflies from the Amazon rainforest Heliconius Erato and Heliconius map hominid which are both unpalatable what makes these butterflies so special is that even within each species they distinctive warning signals on their wings differ substantially from region to region you can see this here in Heliconia rata the color patterns change every 100 to 200 miles if you now place the individuals of Heliconius Menomonee below them similarly sorted after region you can immediately see just how well they resemble each other another example of mullerian mimicry a poisonous millipedes of the genus of viloria and brokering these alphabets endemic to North America produce enough hydrogen cyanide to kill a full-grown Eagle and their boat color patterns make this very clear to any potential predator in areas where the range of these millipedes overlap you can once again find a convergence of their warning signals a less common and somewhat controversial form of mimicry is not Henze and mimicry here a very dangerous species mimics a less dangerous one Cora snakes are a possible example of this form of mimicry but it's difficult to proof the venom of the Texas coral snake is so powerful it kills almost every animal bites making a learning affect for the predator obviously impossible and thereby negating the effectiveness of the warning signal this raises the question why they even have warning coloration at all as camouflage would perhaps be more suited for such a deadly animal a possible explanation could be that by adopting the appearance of a less venomous snake like false coral snakes the Texas course snake benefits from any bad but non-fatal experi a predator has with this snake at least hypothetically other snakes such as the Scarlet kingsnake and the Mexican milk snake also utilized this particular color pattern but because they are non-venomous this can only be seen as a form of Bayesian mimicry but as mentioned earlier mimicry is used not only as a form of protection it is similarly used by predators or parasites to avoid detection by the prey or hosts this form of mimicry is called aggressive mimicry a fitting analogy would be the wolf in sheep's clothing as long as the sheep skin was the result of thousands of years of random mutations natural selection and a good deal of luck how the predator ultimately improves its hunting success this varies from case to case sometimes the mimic resembles its own prey like in some cases of ant mimicking spiders that copy the appearance and scent of the ends they prey on to be able to approach them more easily female Firefly beetles of the genus futurus imitate the sexual light signals of other Firefly species females to attract kill and eat their males other animals instead mimic the prey of their prey to attract it the well-known example of this are angler fish their dorsal fins have evolved into a tempting lure resembling a worm a small crustacean or anything else the fish swimming by it might be attracted to [Music] another example of the strategy our pirate spiders these spiders hunt in the webs of other spiders in order to attract their prey there may imitate the movements of a trapped insect this lures out the spider which the web belongs to which promptly gets captured and even [Music] furthermore there is the possibility to imitate an animal that is of little relevance to the prey the zone tere hawk for instance closely resembles the turkey vulture even accompanies groups of these parts to make himself furthermore inconspicuous because turkey vultures are scavengers their presence does trigger an immediate escaped reflex and the small animals and birds the hawk preys on this gives the hawk the chance to search for potential prey undetected and to then ambush hitch from above still other mimics resemble a mutualistic symbiotic their target the false cleaner fish is an extra perfect copy of the Blue Streak clean RS a fish that cleans other fish of parasites or dead skin this gives them protection as cleaner fish are generally much appreciated by other fish but they also use it to take easy bites out of the fins of fish that were hoping for cleaning finally we have the slightly unusual case of mimics imitating animals that are dangerous to their victims to scare them away and thereby gain access to a form of reward the dark footed end spider the small jumping spider from Africa uses the strategy they are like the name suggests also and mimicking spiders but with a twist instead of using the disguise to live a solitary life they often live together in large social groups to mimic entire end colonies collective mimicry if you will most of these communal nests contain 10 to 50 of these spiders but some of the largest colonies may house hundreds of them this protects them from predators particularly from bigger jumping spiders that hunt smaller spiders but are versed or taking ends to to their large numbers and aggressive behavior this of course seems more like a form of Bayesian mimicry which it is but dark footed and spiders also use this instinctive fear to help themselves when they move out large groups in search of food they almost look like an end colony on the March they take advantage of this by deliberately trying to scare bigger jumping spiders out of their nests to feed on their eggs the only problem is that they can't defend themselves nearly as well as actual ants so if the bigger spider calls the bluff they run straight into their own demise only if enough of them work together the deception can be successful which is a very unique thing for spiders to do similarly tricky strategy is used by the common cuckoo the nest parasite that sneaks its eggs into the nests of other birds so that they raise its young to do so however the female cuckoo first needs an opportunity her distinctive belly feathering helps some of that viewed from below it strongly resembles the light and dark sprite belly of a sparrow hawk the predatory bird because smaller birds often flee when they spot a hawk this resemblance helps the female to access the nests of her hosts and lay her egg but it doesn't end here to decrease the detection rate and thereby increase the nest success the ex of the cuckoo often resemble those of the preferred hosts within each species of cuckoo they are subgroups of individuals that each focus on one specific host some females may prefer the nests of Reed Warblers others of the common red star and still others those of yet another species in each of these preference groups the eggs often closely match the eggs of the preferred hosts in terms of size coloration and pattern this phenomenon is called egg mimicry and it significantly increases the chance that the adoptive mother accepts the egg all these examples I think show quite well just how powerful mimicry is as a protection and also for hunting and how lucrative it therefore can be for animals to copy the identity of other animals but where they're winners they are consequently also have to be losers these are primarily of course the ones fooled by the deception the snake that doesn't realize the dangerous caterpillar is just a harmless chick and misses an easy meal on the end that doesn't recognize its comrade as a spider and gets eaten but the models too can suffer if there are too many harmless animals that copy a dangerous one and the warning signal will ultimately lose its effectiveness and then all of them can detect more frequently but to get to that point it usually takes a very long time enough time to adapt em to stay one step ahead of the identity thief we humans sadly don't have this luxury in today's digital world the time to react when someone misuses you identity for their own gain is minimal in seconds bank accounts can be emptied credit destroyed or sensitive information stolen when you realize it it's often too late and recovering from it is extraordinarily difficult and time-consuming that is why taking precautionary steps is very important in this day and age - name is a 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Channel: Facts in Motion

Views: 267,956

Rating: 4.8920846 out of 5

Keywords: smart animals, intelligent animals, animal kingodom, animals, mimicry, mimicry in animals, batesian mimicry, mullerian mimicry, animal camouflage, wasp, insects, spiders, ants, snakes, birds, evolution, natural selection, nature, ocean, wildlife, biology, science, motiongraphic, infographic, animation, awesome animals, identity theft

Id: gWqFSOED-0M

Length: 19min 3sec (1143 seconds)

Published: Sun Dec 23 2018