101 Facts About Mars

greetings mother back does my name is Sam and today I'm going to be talking to you all about everyone's favorite rusty red floating sphere Mars the planet Mars has fascinated humanity for generations and is also the name of a delicious caramel chocolate bar that I hear the Scottish people like to deep-fry not that there's anything wrong with that you do use Scotland but how did Mars get it to wresting red complexion why was NASA sued for landing robots on the Martian surface and we're gonna get one of those deep-fried Mars bars in London they've piqued my curiosity get it get it curious never mind anyway to answer three those questions are going to be answered so grab your spacesuit to get in your interplanetary spacecraft and lend me a tenor since apparently you can afford your own spacesuit an interplanetary craft as we count through 101 facts about Mars number one Mars is a planet that orbits the Sun in our solar system it is in fact a fourth planet from the Sun after earth and before Jupiter Saturn is way out number two it's also the second smallest planet in the solar system after that pesky little upstart mercury everything's always liked you isn't it mercury number three god Mars measures up at around 20 1344 kilometers in circumference making it significantly smaller than the earth which has a belt sign to around forty thousand and seventy kilometers number four as such around six Mars is could fit inside earth that is if Earth was entirely hollowed out and you could ground all these hypothetical masses into a single pile of smalls rocks that could fill up the earth a spherical stacking waste space it would it would be difficult basically what I'm saying number five Mars is about 15% of the Earth's volume yet only 11% of Earth's mass this means that not only is Mars smaller than Earth it also lists dense number six despite the fact that Mars is much smaller than Earth the two planets actually have roughly the same amount of land this is because around two-thirds of the earth is covered in good old-fashioned h2o called oceans you may have heard of them number seven because of its diminished size the gravity on Mars is slightly less than 40% as strong as the gravity we experienced on earth endured boring don't care about losing weight by moving to Mars pause for laughter okay move on number eight Mars is a torus real planet meaning it is composed primarily of rocks and metals and has a hard crusty surface upon which you could stand or ordinary on build nykeya or a pop-up woman's wear boutique or something number nine however Mars wasn't always the arid red desert that it is today there is clear evidence that liquid water flowed in streams and rivers across the surface of the planet hundreds of millions of years ago and that once upon a time the planet even had oceans number 10 which they were due to plate still the ancient oceans on Mars would have been rather small in comparison to ours equivalent only 1.5 percent of all the water on the earth number 11 interestingly Mars is red color caused by iron oxides it's actually only skin-deep and even in the thickest areas is probably no deep than around two meters or seven feet this means that one of Mars has most distinctive characteristics is actually extremely thin veneer like a hastily applied coating of fake tan number 12 Mars regularly hosts the largest dust storms in the entire solar system they can last for months and sometimes cover the entire planet in a swirling red dust cloud mmm just number thirteen part of the reason why the surface of Mars looks like the skin of a 15th century smallpox survivor is because it's situated far closer to the asteroid belt and as such has a much higher chance of being pummeled by space rocks leaving behind hundreds upon thousands of craters earth is less noticeably cratered because potential crater makers have to pass through our thick and beefy atmosphere and those that are incinerated upon entry offered land in the ocean number fourteen craters on Mars that are under 60 kilometers in diameter are named after towns on earth with populations under 100,000 for example there's a 28 kilometer wide Martian crater called - ding named after the London suburb of the same name that has a decent Primark core I sometimes go for basics like t-shirts and socks had no spawn number 15 on the other hand Martian craters larger than 60 kilometers are named after to see scientists writers and others who have contributed to the study observation and exploration of Mars for example there are craters named after Nicholas Copernicus Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin number 16 traditionally the crust of Mars is thought to be comprised of one piece though recent research suggests that this may not actually be the case Mars could be made up of two large plates these scientists can't seem to make up their minds can they who needs them I tell you need some pass number 17 regardless Mars is far less tectonically active than Earth which is why our planet experiences so many quakes a number of other sources are thought to cause marsquakes however such as magma meteorite impact and the contraction of the planet's crust due to cooling number 18 the temperature on Mars is significantly more variable than it is on earth with mild highs of 70 degrees Fahrenheit and harrowing lows of minus 225 degrees Fahrenheit this works out to an average Martian surface temperature of roughly minus 81 degrees Fahrenheit or hard pass number 19 the two polar ice caps on Mars appear to be largely made of water as all the best polar ice caps our Mars and Earth are the only known planets to have polar ice caps twinzies number 20 the northern cap is up to two miles deep and covers an area significantly larger than the u.s. state of Texas quite a lot colder though number 21 there's so much water held in Mars a southern polar ice cap that if it melted water would cover the planet's entire surface in an ocean around 11 meters deep number 22 Mars has a thin atmosphere that consists mostly of carbon dioxide argon nitrogen and a very small amount of oxygen and water vapor what I'm saying is you couldn't breathe on Mars so don't even try it not even once number 23 as a result of Mars's UBA thin atmosphere liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars except at the lowest elevations for a very short period of time before quickly evaporating like my chances of becoming Jennifer Lawrence's husband if I don't get famous soon number 24 from Mars the Sun appears about half the size as it does on earth frankly you shouldn't be looking at the Sun anyway regardless of whether on mars or not it's bad for your eyes Kevin number 25 not only that because Mars has hardly any atmosphere its sunrises and sunsets appear blue rather than traditional orange and red design we enjoy here on earth number 26 a day on Mars is slightly longer than a day here on earth blasting around 24 hours and 40 minutes what do I plan to do with that extra 40 minutes when we're all forced to evacuate are dying homeworld due to global warming and we settle on Mars that's my business baby number 27 though Mars rotates slightly faster than Earth it takes its sweet time orbiting the Sun making a complete orbit around our shared star once every 687 Earth days that means that a Martian year is roughly 88 percent longer than one year on earth number 28 Mars orbits the Sun is an average distance of around 1200 42 million miles a distance so large that it's pretty much impossible to fathom you should probably prepare yourself a lot of unfathomable per will during largeness in this video because it's about space and space is in fact number 29 the degree to which a planet's orbit deviates from a perfect circle is known as its eccentricity and the oval shape orbit of Mars is more eccentric than most in fact the only planet with a more eccentric orbit is a mercury again got what is it with this guy number 30 Mars also has an axial tilt which sounds painful but actually it's about 25 degrees and very similar to Earth's 23.5 degrees Deline number 31 Mars is axial tilt also causes Martian seasons but because Mars has tilt is different to Earth's and because of its overly orbit and long last year its seasons are not the same length or the same in each hemisphere stuffed crazy on Mars basically number 32 since Mars has no large moon spinning around it to stabilize its rotation Mars is tilted far more wobbly than Earth's we just wanted to be stable in comparison over the course of millions of years Mars is tilters varied fairly significantly between 13 and 40 degrees number 33 Mars also lacks a magnetic field indicating that it does not possess a lovely molten metal core like Earth does however scientists believe that the planet did have a magnetic field at one point probably around four billion years ago number 34 the current lack of a magnetic field leaves the red planet without protection against deadly radiation from cosmic rays and solar flares hmm cancer e number 35 on the 27th of August 2003 what a great day levels for everyone wasn't it we will remember we were then Mars made its closest approach to earth in almost 60,000 years the next time we'll be back close to us again we'll be on the 28th of August 2287 number 36 Mars is one of five planets in our solar system that are visible from Earth to the naked eye the others being Venus Jupiter Saturn and Mercury it's always you mercury anyway Mars is actually one of these as planets to see due to its rosy complexion and brightness in the sky looking good Martha by looking good number 37 Mars is home to Olympus Mons the largest volcano and highest known mountain in the solar system maybe though Olympus Mons is the traditional winner of the tallest mountain contest there is apparently another peak that's ever so slightly higher than Olympus Mons located on the asteroid Vesta is rheasilvia a mountain as scientists believe is only 96 meters higher than Olympus Mons number 38 Mars is also home to Valles Marineris one of the longest and the deepest canyon systems in the entire solar system it stretches for approximately over 2,000 485 miles do-do-do-do-do-do it's also up to 125 miles wide and has a maximum depth of 4.3 miles yeah climate of that James Franco number 39 Mars contains another large labyrinth of intersecting canyons called the noctis labyrinth DOS meaning labyrinth of the night the Noctis labyrinth this has six named hollows which are all named with words for night in various languages examples include malum and not covers with malum and not-being words for night in Indonesian and Danish number 40 the smooth borealis Basin in Martha's northern hemisphere covers approximately 40% of the planet and it's also thought to be a giant impact feature this area exists in stark opposition to Martha's southern hemisphere which is heavily cratered with a high elevation scientists think that Mars is smooth bonce was caused by an impact from meteor the size of deadbeat non planet Pluto number 41 Mars is also home to the hella Spanish yeah a vast mostly featureless plain located within the roughly circular impact baton Helles the plane is roughly the same size of the Caribbean Sea making it the largest visible impact Basin in the solar system this area was created by a large asteroid impact roughly four billion years ago blow meaning of her life the gal crater on Mars is notable for a number of interesting features that reside within it a curved mountain range in the southern half of the crater and two small amount in clusters above it from an unmistakable smiley face image leading to the crater being known as the happy face crater aha lovely number 43 there are a number of large holes on our cm mom's a large Martian volcano the hold up to 150 meters across and a so deep that we still cannot see the bottom of them they are thought to be the product of ancient lava flows or gateways to another dimension what are the two number 44 Mars also has two moons Phobos and Deimos which cheerfully mean fear and threat respectively these names come from the twin gods who accompanied Mars and Ares into battle number 45 Phobos and Deimos are small and irregular shaped Phobos is roughly two hundred two kilometers across while Deimos is about 12 kilometers and are thought to be asteroids captured by Mars as gravitational pull number 46 tragically scientists predict that Phobos will eventually be pulled out of orbit by martha's gravity and brought crashing to the planet's surface this was sadly occur in roughly 7 million years so little time theft number 47 the smaller of Mars's moons damos is so tiny that it has to escape velocity by only 5.2 m/s this means that in the unlikely event that you ever find yourself stranded on Deimos you could blast off from its surface simply by taking a running jump number 48 the first record of humanity's awareness of Mars dates back to 1534 BC when it was spotted by ancient Egyptian astronomers smart guys those ancient Egyptians number 49 Egyptians gave Mars its very first recorded name hard Asher meaning the red one they also referred to Mars as the backward traveler because the planets slobo orbit produces apparent retrograde motion appearing to move it backwards through the sky every 25 months number 50 ancient Chinese astronomers used to call Mars the fire star which proved how stupid ancient chinese astronomers were because Mars is a planet not a star get it together ancient China geez there's mercury number 51 the ancient Babylonian name for Mars was nerd girl meaning star of death which is sure to bring on tenuous star wars conspiracy at some point number 52 the ancient Hebrews refer to Mars as Midea meaning the one who blushes Wow ancient people were really impressed by Mars being slightly red so they can talk about apparently number 53 the Greeks and Romans named the planet after the respective gods of war Aries and Mars the Roman name Mars is the name we use in English because we're like totally obsessed with ancient Roman junk number 54 the ancient Greeks believed that the earth was the center of the entire universe and that Mars was one of five stars that orbits it the others being Venus Jupiter Saturn and Earth mercury go of why geez number 55 the Polish mathematician and astronomer that we mentioned earlier Nicholas Copernicus managed to coherently explain Marcy's aforementioned at parent retrograde motion that causes the planet to move backwards across the sky he did so as part of his model of the universe in which planets including earth orbit around the Sun rather than everything orbiting around the earth number 56 in the mid 16th century the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe Hey reduced the first accurate calculations of Martha's position in the solar system without using a telescope oh and Tycho Brahe high was also named having a metal nose after you lost most of his original nose in a sword fight just thought slip up in there number 57 in 1609 several years after the death of bra hey the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei observed Mars whose you can permit a telescope to become the first so-called father of observational astronomy number 58 in 1659 the celebrated Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens drew Mars using an advanced telescope he uses many observations of the planet to estimate the length of the Martian day at 24 hours and 30 minutes only a few minutes out from the actual figure number 59 in 1840 the German astronomer Johann Heinrich von mutlar used ten years of observations to produce the very first map of Mars two craters one on Mars and the other on the moon were named after mutlar in his honor number Shakti a number of missions have taken human technology to Mars the first true Mars mission success was NASA's Marina for flyby in 1965 which produced the very first close-up pictures of the Martian surface number 61 in November of 1971 the NASA Mariner 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit Mars after months of dust storms cleared Mariner 9 began to transmit thousands of images of Mars back to earth revealing expansive canyons colossal volcanoes what appears to be dried up riverbeds and no alien nudes number 62 on the 20th of July 1976 NASA's Viking 1 became the first spacecraft to land intact and operational on the surface of Mars followed by the Viking 2 a few weeks later in September together the Viking landers returned the first color pictures of the planet providing humanity with an even better view of our neighboring worlds when the Viking 2 had its last moments of contact in 1978 project manager george gianopolous liken the experience to losing an old friend wow that's pretty actually quite sad number 67 robot number 63 however the Viking space probes were not actually the first to land on Mars they were only the first to do so successfully the bittersweet distinction of the first human-built object to make physical contact with Mars go to the Soviet Union's Mars 2 space probe which violently crashed into the planet surface in November of 1971 Orcs nintendo64 during the Viking missions NASA scientists were genuinely worried about contaminating the environment on Mars with microbes from Earth that's how I feel whenever small children in my house it's terrifying number 65 in 1996 the United States launched the Mars Pathfinder which landed on Mars on the 4th of July 1997 America's Independence Day the robotic spacecraft bounced for over a minute and a half on massive air banks before stopping before the sedona rover rolled onto the Martian surface to do some science I mentioned the original plan was that the mission would last seven days but the tiny Mars rover rolled around on Mars for 83 days number 66 while it was there the Sedona collected and studied Martian rocks moving in a speed of only a few centimeters per second this was a safety feature to prevent the rover from getting stuck the last thing you want to happen to a 25 million dollar space rover is to have it trapped in a Martian ditch like an alien with a DUI number 67 in 1999 NASA lost a Mars probe called the Mars climate orbiter because its navigation system was using metric measurements but its altitude control system was using Imperial measurements a discrepancy caused by different agencies working on the same project the probe was 100 kilometres too close to the planet's surface before attempted to enter orbit and burned up in the atmosphere this mistake cost 125 million dollars ouch number 68 NASA's Spirit rover which landed on Mars in early 2004 has been hit by dust devils on the surface of Mars several times these Martian mini tornadoes lead the rover unharmed and actually clean it solar panels as such these occurrences aren't be known as cleaning events number 69 saito neither the opportunity rover landed on Mars three weeks after its win rover spirit in 2004 with a planned mission duration of roughly 91 days amazingly opportunity is still functioning and remains active having surpassed its design lifespan but over 14 years as of May 2018 over this period the rover has traveled over 28 miles number 70 aluminium recovered on the destroyed World Trade Center towers after the 9/11 terrorist attacks was used on nasa's mars exploration rovers Spirit and Opportunity as a tribute to the victims number 71 the Curiosity rover which was launched into space in November 2011 and landed on Mars in August of 2012 carries with it a 1909 Lincoln penny the coin is used as part of a calibration target to ensure the accuracy of photographs number 72 curiosity's wheels were produced with a special trap that leaves Morse code messages in the Martian dust that spells out JPL this stands for Jet Propulsion Laboratory the research and development center owned by NASA that manages the curiosity mission number 73 NASA you've just songs from various musical artists such as Frank Sinatra the Beatles and The Doors to wake up the Mars Curiosity rover every morning meaning these songs have actually been played out loud on the surface of Mars number 74 that's not all the music it plays on its one-year anniversary curiosity play the happy birthday tune to itself all alone on Mars no you're crying what number 75 because of humanity's various space missions Mars is populated entirely by robots send them to be robotically precise number 76 on the 24th of September 2014 the Indian Space Research Organisation to Mars orbiter mission space probe entered its orbit of Mars in doing so India became the first nation on earth to set spacecraft into Mars orbit on the very first try number 77 future astrobiology missions to Mars are planned including the Mars 2020 and EXO Mars rovers both of which are plan to launch in guess when 2020 both missions plan to search for evidence of past life on Mars number 78 but it's not just Rovers that humanity plans on sending to the Red Planet in 2012 a small private company in the Netherlands called Mars 1 announced their plan to colonize Mars by the mid-2020s this plan has been heavily sighs my actual Everest pose experts for a lack of awareness of the logistics involved in getting humans to Mars to preside there permanently without you know starving to death or being fatally irradiated many of dis mr. plans as a suicide mission and yet number 79 over 100,000 people applied to be part of the Mars one program which would involve a one-way trip to colonize the planet in the coming years would you go on a one-way mission to colonize Mars let us know in our youtube howl up above answer seriously though because we will send you if you say yes number 80 according to the 1967 United Nations treaty nobody can own celestial bodies such as Mars or the moon bit boring sure but fine makes sense I guess number 81 however this didn't seem to bother three men from Yemen you literally sued NASA for trespassing on Mars they did so based on a claim that they inherited the planet from their ancestors roughly 3,000 years ago and shockingly that lawsuit didn't go anywhere number 82 many notable rocks on the Martian surface have been given unofficial names for ease of discussion these names include but are not limited to Yogi Pop Tart Moe barnacle bill Half Dome shark Stimpy and Cabbage Patch surely there'll be one single Jennifer Lawrence who'll be the most attractive Rock there is that was my sound nicer than it did number 83 meteorites that fell to earth and landed in Morocco during a meteor shower in 2011 had been confirmed to be of Martian origin the rocks were thought to be ejected from the surface of the planet during an ancient asteroid impact number 84 one of the most well known Martian meteorites is known as Allen hills 84001 so-called because it was found in Allen Hills which is in Antarctica on the 27th of December 1984 the two kilogram rock was blasted off the Mars surface around 16 million years ago and it sort of hit earth around 13,000 years ago in Antarctica it's particularly remarkable because it appears to contain microscopic fossils of Martian bacteria though this has never been confirmed number 85 apparently the MALDI alkaline soil on Mars particularly good for growing vegetables like turnips and asparagus oh I smell a highly infeasible business idea number 86 the German Aerospace Center has discovered that Earth's lichens can survive in simulated Mars conditions you lichens I always had your back buds number 87 the astronomical symbol of Mars is formed by a circle with an arrow pointing diagonally upwards to the right there's a base that looked like the shield and spear belonging to the god Mars and Ares it also the symbol for dudes yay go David's number 88 interestingly Mars has a flag well a number of different people have designed flags for the red planet and none of them are official but the most well-known Martin standard was designed by NASA engineer called Pascal Lee his version of the Martian flag is a simple tricolour of red green and blue bit drab in my opinion but I number 89 according to NASA a round trip to Mars from Earth will take roughly two and a half years this includes the time that any prospective tourists on the rub planets would have to allow for Mars and Earth to realign for a return trip number 90 according to the UK's Royal Mail sending a letter to Mars would cost roughly fifteen thousand five hundred dollars apparently this would require over 18,000 first-class stamps or over 21,000 second-class stamps to achieve so get saving number 91 if you could somehow drive directly to Mars in a car traveling at a regular speed of 60 miles per hour well done you but also it would roughly take you 271 years and 221 days to reach your destination but the road trip that you'd have to buy a lot of snack to have a banging playlist number 92 of course Mars has played a massive part in human culture and society with numerous theories and stories regarding Mars having been concocted by various people in 1898 English writer HG Wells published the war of the world which describes an intelligent and technologically advanced race of Martian aliens who invade earth number 93 many films have been produced which prominent feature Mars as a subject or location possibly the earliest was Aleta queen of Mars a 1924 silent film directed by Soviet filmmaker Yakov courtesan of other Mars classics include the 1953 comedy Abbott and Costello go to Mars and the 1996 Tim Burton directed cult hit Mars Attacks number 94 the 2015 movie the Martian which starred Matt Damon as an astronaut stranded on Mars cost Murphy 109 million dollars to produce India's Mars orbiter mission cost 73 million dollars meaning that a Hollywood movie about a space mission to Mars cost 36 million dollars more than the India's actual real space mission to Mars number 95 Mars is also referenced in numerous popular songs Elton John famously opined in his 1972 hit rocket man that Mars ain't the kind of place to raise your kids in fact it's cold as hell and there's no one there to raise them if you did Mars has also been featured in songs by many other music artists including but not limited to David Bowie The Pixies The Flaming Lips and my baby boys Muse number 96 in the late 19th and early 20th century American author Percival the well wrote several books in which he claimed to have discovered non natural features on the surface of Mars primarily a system of canals which were likely constructed by an ancient civilization though scientists at the time were skeptical the idea excited the public and the theory was promoted in newspapers and magazines the existence of Martian canals was definitively disproved in the 1960s by NASA's Mariner missions Czar's Percival number 97 every year the Internet is blighted by claims that Mars will appear in the sky on 27th of August just as large as the moon this is a ludicrous pile of anti science cobblers cop blows I say hoaxes began in an email in 2002 and has fooled so many people that the 27th of August is now known by some as Mars hoax day number 98 in 1976 the Viking one spacecraft took a photograph of a region of Mars known as Cydonia which appeared to contain an image of a face many absurdly gullible or perhaps devious individuals claimed that this was evidence of an intelligent humanoid race of Martian aliens who carved their visage into the rock subsequent imaging of Cydonia has predictably revealed that the face is nothing more than face like shadow cast by a rock formation that looks nothing like a face however conspiracy theorists continue to claim that the face is genuine and that the treats been covered up by NASA okay number 99 some Mars conspiracies have claimed that Google images of Mars prove that someone possibly NASA has already sent humans to Mars the images apparently show a fairly advanced Mars colony of white buildings powered by solar panels however the image is actually originated from an obvious April Fool's joke in a blog post from Google Congrats guys you played yourself the chances of number 100 are a million to one but here it comes in 2008 nasa's mars exploration rover spirit captured images which certain people claimed to show a humanoid finger on the surface of mars this turned out to be nothing more than a rock formation because of course it was everything is a rock formation these days number 101 possibly the most absurd conspiracy theory involving Mars claims that Mars is indeed populated but not by Martian aliens rather Mars is inhabited by human children who have been sent to the planet against their will to work as slaves NASA ultimately found it necessary to deny these claims because that's the world we apparently live in any way that 101 facts about Mars which one did you enjoy the most let me know in the comments down below also let me know if you want me to cover any other planets except for Mercury ha ha show off look at it anyway also let me know what you won't see next cuz otherwise how the heck do I know also remember to Like and subscribe and have a great day guys you can do so by watching one of the two videos on screen right now just for you doodles you

Channel: 101Facts

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Keywords: 101 facts, 101, 101facts, mars, mars planet, facts about mars, mars facts, science facts about mars, mars science facts, mars for kids, mars rover, martians, are martians real, mars aliens, aliens on mars, mars planet facts, mars planet for kids, mars one, mars one 2018, curiousity rover, nasa, nasa mars, mars picture, life on mars, space facts, venus, mercury, jupiter, saturn, neptune, pluto, uranus, mars crater, mars conspiracy, living on mars, mars photos, mars volta, cydonia

Id: VN_-r9qGacQ

Length: 27min 22sec (1642 seconds)

Published: Sat Jun 23 2018