1 HOUR LESSON - Advanced Grammar In Use

I have an in-depth Advanced one-hour grammar lesson for you in which we are going to cover a variety of topics prepositions of place could have should have would have I have a challenging quiz for you and much more I've taken some of my best Advanced grammar lessons and put them together in this one video Lesson and if you are someone who enjoys improving your grammar skills Please Subscribe turn on notifications that way I can become your teacher my name is Wes the channel is interactive English it's all about trying to help you reach your fluency goals so without further Ado let's begin with prepositions which preposition should we use to complete this sentence in on or at actually you could use any of them all of them are correct it really just depends on the context and that's what I want to do in today's lesson I want to break it down for you so that you easily understand how to use each of these prepositions when talking about place and I'm also going to give you a little bit of a mini quiz at the end to see how much you've learned also if you'd like to get a PDF copy of today's lesson just click on the link Down Below in the description so let's begin with in and when you're thinking about in think about an enclosed space that you are surrounded on all sides and I I want to give you some well General ideas as to when you would use this preposition so you will use in to talk about locations within a larger area how many people live in this town you'll use in with a car taxi or van if I were to say hey we're waiting in the car it's used to talk about workplaces or Industries if someone asks where do you work I work in human resources or I work in fashion and if if if you've seen many of my video lessons you you know I absolutely do not work in fashion it's my yeah my Fashion's pretty bad you would use in with water let's all get in the pool or the expression there's plenty of fish in the sea so again we're talking about the sea we're talking about water and you would use this expression to say that well if somebody's single and they're looking to have a relationship and find a partner you're saying this to to encourage them to keep looking that there's somebody out there for them don't give up hope there's plenty of fish in the sea we use this preposition with class I'm having trouble paying attention in class I'm enclosed in this space and we also use it with printed materials if you don't know the meaning of a word you can look it up in the dictionary and you can think about it that well that word it's surrounded by other pages so it's in the dictionary so just keep these in mind when you're thinking about in and now let's talk about on and when you will use this preposition and when it comes to on I want you to think about a a surface that something is attached to or touching something else so we use on to refer to the position of something on any surface your coffee is on the table I found some money on the sidewalk it's used to talk about a floor in a building I work on the seventh floor it also describes the position along a road or river or or by the sea or a lake I could say the car is on the road the boat is on the river again it's on that surface or or I could even say I grew up on the East Coast so I'm talking about the coast where I grew up on that surface and I would say on the East Coast so when you're talking about the coast East West West use on now the next few are technically not on the surface but I I still want you to use on so we're going to use it when talking about being on public transit like a bus or a plane I'm on a bus heading downtown or I'm on a plane to Chicago and I I know this can be a little tricky because we use in with a car like you're you're surrounded you're inclosed so one way to think about it is that you're going to use in with with smaller vehicles and you'll use on with larger modes of transportation but again there's always exceptions because you're still going to use on with a bike or motorcycle on a bike or on a motorcycle we use the preposition on with left or right my house is on the left oh no no no sorry it's on the right and we'll use this preposition with media as well did you see the new show on Netflix or you may be watching this lesson on YouTube so just just keep all of this in mind when it comes to using on so now let's talk about at and when to use this preposition and and when you think about at I want you to think of a point a specific location or position so of course we're going to use at when we're referring to the position or location as a point I I could say there's a package at the front door we use it to refer to an address I live at 44 Main Street and and this can be a little confusing because if we're just talking about the street then we'll use on I live on Main Street on that surface but if I give the specific location 44 Main Street well now we're talking about a point so we're going to use at we use this preposition to refer to most shops or public places and and in this case I want you to think about a large your point so I I could say I'm shopping at the mall and you would use at even if you are in the mall because if somebody were to ask you like hey where are you they're they're typically asking about your location so that's why you would use at and say I'm shopping at the mall we use it to refer to group activities I could ask you how many people were at your party we also use it with school or university I studied at a top Notch University and that's not really true I studied at a party school but you get the point with either of those we're going to use at and we use this preposition with work or home I could really say that right now I'm working at home so this should give you a better idea as to when you would use at now let's go back to our original sentence and I told you that all three prepositions are correct it it really just depends on on the context so if I say I'm in the lake well that just means that I'm physically in the water I'm surrounded by the water if I were to say I'm on the lake well now I'm talking about the surface so it it really implies that I'm probably on a boat and I'm out on the water and I'm on the lake and if I were to say I'm at the lake well now I'm talking about a specific location even though it's a larger area if somebody were to ask where are you then I would say I'm at the lake because we're talking about location and right now I want to test your knowledge I have a little mini quiz for you I'm going to give you a sentence and I want you to think well which preposition best completes it in on or at I'll give you a moment to think about it and then I'll tell you the answer so your first sentence is I found a mistake M the first page which preposition would you use the answer is on so in this case we're talking about the surface of the page on the first page I found a mistake on the first page so so just keep this in mind if we're talking about a page we're going to use on and that is a little tricky because remember we're going to use in when talking about printed materials like a book so something is on a page but in a book here's your next sentence she felt proud the end of her month-long Journey what do you think the correct answer is at she felt proud at the end of her month-long Journey because we're talking about that that point that location she's at the end of her journey and these are really common phrases with at if we're talking about well at the beginning of something or at the end of something then there's this sentence there are no public toilets the city center the correct answer is in there are no public toilets in the city center we're going to use in because we're talking about a location within a larger area here's a question for you do you have anything your pockets I I think you know this the correct answer is in do you have anything in your pockets where talking about an enclosed area here's another one we wanted to sit M the front of the plane I'm trying to trick you a little bit but the the correct answer is at we wanted to sit at the front of the plane I I told you that with public transit you're going to use on on a plane but in this case we're talking about a specific location on a plane so in that case we're going to use at at the front of the plane how about this this one please refer to the graph the slide the correct answer is on please refer to the graph on the slide so once again we're talking about the surface of something on a page on a slide so how'd you do on the quiz I I want you to be honest let me know down in the comments because I just love hearing from you I should have joined the interactive English Community or I could have joined the interactive English community or I would have joined the interactive English community so today I want to talk to you about these models should have could have and would have and they're often referred to as modals of lost opportunity because we use them to describe situations that we imagine are different now the good news is that you have not lost this opportunity if you would like to join the interactive English Community there is a link down in the description it is is a great way for you and me to to keep in touch but let's get back to these modals because I I want to make sure that you are using them correctly and I think this is very useful because quite often we want to describe our feelings about past decisions so you're going to use should have when something did not happen but you wish that it did happen you'll use could have when something was possible but it did not happen and you will use would have when something happened but you're just a m ining a different result now before we just Dive Right into these modals I want to talk to you about pronunciation and grammar because with pronunciation these modals will often get reduced so what's happening is that the H in half it's it's just going to get removed and then that vowel sound is going to to become more of awah so we're left with of and then the final D that consonant sound will get linked with that schah so it's like we have should of could have would have all right it's linked together and people may even reduce it further if they're speaking really fast and they're going to drop that V and you just hear the schah Shoulda Coulda would a but in general I think it's often you're going to hear these modals get reduced and you can listen to me as the lesson goes on I will I will reduce them the other thing I want to say uh when it comes to grammar is that with these modals you're going to follow them with the past participle so with with regular verbs you're just going to to use that Ed should have played could have called would have walked with irregular verbs you just need to know the past participle should have won could have broken would have bought now that we got grammar and pronunciation out of the way let let me give you a little more context with each of these modals and we'll begin with should have so when you think of should have think of um regret I I told you that something did not happen but you wish that it did happen so perhaps you're you're thinking about a past decision and somebody had a good idea or a recommendation and you did not listen to it and you lost that opportunity when when talking about that situation we can then use should have so I'm I'm constantly asking you to subscribe to the channel and turn on notifications so let's just let's just imagine that uh you you don't do this and then in the future you're going to look back at this situation and you might say I should have listened to Wes uh my name's Wes by the way in case this is your first time here uh you'd say I really want to practice and improve my English skills therefore I should have subscribed to the channel and and turned on notifications now if you want to use should have in the negative should not have in that case it's like you regret something that was wrong I should not have yelled at my brother I should not have cheated on the exam I should not have eaten that and that's one that I feel like I I probably use from time to time yes I I should not have eaten that bad decision now let's move on to could have and with this modal I want you to think of possibility that's the one word I want you to keep in mind possibility I I told you that with this modal something was possible but it did not happen I was so tired I could have stayed in bed all day it did not happen but I it was possible and I know that I I give you a lot of examples so today I have a special guest the famous Marlon Brando is going to give you the next example you was my brother Charlie you should have looked out for me a little bit oh excellent Marlin a a little bit of review with should have so you should have looked out for me again something that did not happen but but he wishes that it did happen now I will make a quick little grammar correction you would not say you was instead you're going to use you were but that that's okay let's just focus on these modal so please continue you don't understand I could have had class I could have been a Contender I could have been somebody instead of a bum so at this moment he feels like a bum but those other things were possible I could have been a contender I could have been somebody and and what he's referring to is uh boxing he was a prize fighter I could have been a contender and then if we want to use the negative could not have in that case we're just saying the opposite and saying that something was impossible so before before I said I was so tired I could have stayed in bed all day that's talking about something that was possible if I changed that sentence around and said I had so much work to do I could not have stayed in bed all day now I'm talking about something impossible I could not have stayed in bed because I had so much work and then there's wood have and with W have the word that I want you to remember and keep in mind is different because because when you use W have it's like something happened but you are imagining a different result something different from the the real situation and often you are going to use this modal with that third conditional those if statements so I could say the team would have won the championship if their best player had not gotten injured so in this case I'm imagining that different result because the real situation is that the best player was injured and the team did not win the championship I want to make a quick distinction between could have and would have because it's possible for you to use could have in that sentence the team could have won the championship but again in that case we're talking about a possibility if I say the team would have won the championship now it's more certain and that is the result that that I'm imagining so it's really a difference between possibility and certainty could have and would have you can also use W have to show that you wanted to do something but you were not able to I would have given you a ride but my car broke down and once again I could use the third conditional to say the same thing same meaning I would have given you a ride if my car had not broken down now using it in the negative would not have you're still imagining a different result but instead of imagining a result that would have happen you're imagining that your your real situation would not have happened if some other things occurred I would not have finished the project without your help so the real situation is that I did finish the project and I'm just imagining a different result or I if I had not been stuck in traffic I would not have been late for work so it can be a little tricky to to wrap your head around some of these examples just know that with would have your imagining a different result now something you may not have known about these modals is that you can use them together as an idiom should have could have would have mostly you people would use this in spoken English and they are going to reduce these modals should have could have would have or they would reduce it more and say should have could have would a so what what this means is that you are dismissing someone else's regret or worry about a past action or some lost opportunity and you're just dismissing that so it's kind of a cold response and it's just unsympathetic so let's say that we work together and you're a little upset with me because I I made you do more work and I'm telling you like yeah maybe maybe I should have worked harder so that you did not have to do my work for me and you're a little annoyed you're a little upset and you would say yeah should have could have would have uh it's already done it's too late I've already did your work and then I could keep going and say I know that you did that extra work and I would have offered to help but I was stuck in traffic and once again you could dismiss my regret and say should have could have would have I don't care about your excuse I'm still angry should have could have would have all right you can't change the past so that idiom is a fun way to wrap up the lesson I hope you learn something new and I hope you have a better understanding of these modals should have could have and would have let's talk about the difference between you used to and used to now they they can be a little confusing not not necessarily when speaking but when trying to determine well which one you should use in writing and I say they're not really they're not really confused when speaking because the pronunciation is the same and I will come back to that a little bit later on but for right now let's uh let's focus on used to because this is definitely the most common one that you are going to use when speaking or writing and I think well used to alone can be confusing because well dictionaries may look at it different ways Cambridge has used to as a modal verb Mariam Webster says that used to is an adjective as well as a verb McMillan dictionary has used to as a modal verb Oxford Learners dictionary also says that used to is a modal verb and dictionary.com has it as an adjective as well as a verb let's first make a distinction between used to as a modal verb or verb and used to as an adjective now the the grammar is different the part of speech but also the meaning is different so right now let's let's get rid of the adjective forget about the adjective let's just focus on used to as a verb or modal verb and I keep saying verb modal verb as you saw some of the dictionaries uh have it listed differently and that is because in some ways used to acts like a modal verb and in other ways it it really doesn't but whether or not used to uh is considered a verb or a modal verb the meaning is the same and let's talk about the meaning because that is very important and what this means is it's talking about something that was repeatedly done in the past or or even a situation that existed in the past but the the thing is not done anymore or the situation does not not exist anymore today in the present so I could will give you some examples talking about myself I could say I used to live in South Korea that that is true that is a situation that existed in the past and when I lived in South Korea I used to run uh around this Lake twice a a week bum Moon Lake I used to run around it twice a week and that is something that I had done repeatedly except for the winter uh in the winter it was a bit too cold so during those months uh I used to sit on my ass I could say that sometimes not always in those sentences used to is a modal verb it is a helping verb and I already told you that it has some similarities to modal verbs like it it it has one form it's not conjugated so I said I used to live in South Korea if I changed the subject to he it it's not going to change he used to live in South Korea but you used to it it can act differently from your average modal verb uh for example with modal verbs you you're not going to follow it with to so I can say something well like I can swim or it will rain or you should write to me in the comments I I just love hearing from you you should write to me in the comments now with all of those sentences we have the modal verb and then we follow it with the infinitive the base verb there is no to an exception is used to I used to run around the lake and well even if I want to change the subject and talk about myself in the third person to show that the form is not going to change I could say in Winter Wes used to sit around on his ass but sometimes all right so two is going to come before the base verb and that's why I think if you're if you're trying trying to think about it I think it's best to consider used to as just one phrase try to think about it together as one phrase used to questions and negative statements also make used to different from other modal verbs because if well if we're talking about questions typically we can just use the modal verb to create a question can he swim will it rain and if we're talking about negative statements then you're you're just going to use not with with a typical modal verb uh he cannot swim or it won't rain but this is not the case with used to of course used to it just has to be different than all the other modal verbs and I think this is also when people might say okay it acts more like a verb because if we're talking about questions used to it refers to the past so with questions you're going to use did and if you're going to make a negative statement then you're going to use did not so if we're going to use it uh as a question I could ask you did you use to study English and if I want to say a negative statement then I could say well I didn't used to have hair like this um and that's because I used to shave my head but more importantly than my shaved head is that you now see that used to has changed the spelling has changed to used to and this is what I want you to remember if we're talking about questions and negative statements you are going to use used to and you're going to spell it us I told you that the only distinction is in writing because well the pronunciation is the same whether you're saying used to or used to it's the same pronunciation the D and the T they blend together to create one sound so yeah the pronunciation it's really the same nobody's going to know if if if you end up making a mistake because you're still just going to say used to or used to and now that you have a perfect understanding of used to being used as a modal verb slash verb let's now talk about used to being used as an adjective so the the first thing that I want to tell you is the meaning I told you that the meaning is different and what this means is that well it's referring to something that you are familiar with or that you are accustomed to and it often follows the verb to be so I could say well I am used to hot weather all right I'm just it's just something that I'm used to I'm not used to cold weather it's just something I'm not that familiar with and in this case because used to is an adjective it's not going to change whether we're talking about questions or negative statements you are always going to spell used to like this used uh another thing that I want to tell you about used to as an adjective just giving you another example I do not think any of us were used to staying inside for so long during the pandemic and I think that's true I think we can all relate to that sentence and the thing the thing that I wanted to point out with this sentence is that you you may often follow used to with a Jared and you're used to doing something like I'm used to taking the bus in the morning or I'm not used to working late but even though we were not used to staying inside during the pandemic we had to get used to it and I just gave you an example right there of it being used with another verb that is not the verb to be and that I think is also it's a common usage to get used to doing something or even people using it as an imperative statement giving a command and you're telling somebody get used to it but just remember used to as an adjective has a different meaning than used to as a modal verb or verb that's the one thing that I really want you to remember from this lesson and I yes it's confusing but I think over time the more you listen the more you practice you're just going to get used to it I have studied English I have been studying English are these sentences the same or are they different let's find out I want to help you improve your grammar because I want to talk about the difference between two verb tenses the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous and these two verb tenses can confuse many English Learners who may not be sure uh about how and when to use them as well as if there are any differences between these two tenses so before we talk about the differences between these two tenses I I want to focus on how and when we use them and let's first begin with the present perfect tense which on its own can be very confusing because there are many languages that do not even have a present perfect tense so I I want to first begin with how you're going to form the present perfect you're going to have a helping verb and a main verb the helping verb is going to be have and the main verb is going to be the past participle and we often use the present perfect to talk about a finished action in the past at an unspecified time we don't know when it's happened and it may have happened once or even more than once so let's look at this sentence right here I've been to China there there I am right there again we have the helping verb have plus the past participle Ben it is the past participle of the verb to be and you know that this happened in the past it's finished but you don't know when it's an unspecified time I've been to China or I could say well I've been to Barcelona twice this happened in the past we don't know when but we know that it happened more than once there were two different trips to Barcelona one thing that I want to say about the present perfect tense is that when you use it the the result is really what matters it's like you're more interested in the result than the action and I will come back to this when I talk to you about the present perfect continuous so let's let's think this situation right here I'll I'll I'll use a question and say have you hit the like button all right this is a question in the present perfect the the helping verb have the past participle hit that's our main verb have you hit the like button and again I I'm really more interested in that result and I really am and I hope you would say yes I have hit the like button it happened in the past sometime between when the video started and right now and if you have let me know write that to me in the comments just say yes I have hit the like button practice writing using the present perfect and then I will tell you that you are awesome all right so with all of those examples that I just gave you we were talking about finished actions in the past so let's now move to the present perfect continuous and let's look at how this verb tense is formed again we're going to use the helping verb have plus the past participle of the verb to be which is been have been plus our main verb with an ing at the end all right so in this case it's like we have two helping verbs have been and then the main verb and we use the present perfect continuous to talk about an unfinished action that started in the past it has continued to right now which is the present and then it will likely continue into the future so I could say well even like right now I've been teaching this lesson it's an unfinished action it started in the past it has continued until right now and it it's going to continue into the future and I hope you keep watching now one thing that I will say about the present perfect continuous is that when you use this verb tense the focus is more on the action because something is continuing so with the present perfect tense the focus is on the result with the present perfect continuous the focus is more on the action one thing that I want to remind you of and the reason why I'm so close is because I want you to remember this is that there are many non-action verbs that that you should not use in the continuous tense and I'm putting a list of these verbs up here right now so you you should not use these verbs with the present perfect continuous but again with English there people are always breaking these rules especially in spoken English but just to give you an example the if I give you a sentence like oh I have an iPhone I'm talking about uh ownership possession I could use it in the present perfect tense and say yeah I've had an iPhone for a long time uh it's an iPhone 6 so it's pretty old but I could not use it in the continuous tense and say I've been having an iPhone that just sounds awkward so just keep that in mind there are many non-action verbs that you should just avoid using in the continuous tense so now let's look at some differences between the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous and I want to make some quick comparisons so you can see a clear difference between these two verb tenses especially how the focus is different so let's look at these two sentences right here we have redecorated our home and we have been redecorating our home the sentence in the present perfect we have redecorated our home it's talking about an action that started in the past and it's now finished we don't know when it started we don't know when itend ended but the focus is on that result that yes it's it's finished the home it's it has been redecorated with the present perfect continuous we're talking about an unfinished action it started in the past and it's still going on right now so the focus is on that action that continuing action also and this may help you know well when you should use the present perfect continuous if we're talking about an unfinished action that started in the recent past people may use the verb tense with the words recently or lately so I could say well recently we've been redecorating our home or lately we've been redecorating our home that tells me that this action it's started in the recent past it's a continuing action that's gone until now and yes it's probably going to continue into the future here are another couple of sentences I have thought about buying a new phone or I've been thinking about buying a new phone so with the present perfect it suggests that okay I I thought about this in the past and then maybe I decided Well no not to buy a new phone it's just something I thought about and then I stopped thinking about it and as you can see I still have this old iPhone 6 and maybe I just made the decision not to buy one if I use the present perfect continuous and say well I've been thinking about buying a new phone that that suggest that I have not made a decision not yet I'm still thinking about it and maybe maybe in the future I'm going to make a decision and upgrade and get a new phone because yes this iPhone 6 it's pretty old and then we get to these two sentences right here the sentences that you have been waiting for this entire lesson I have studied English versus I have been studying English and the difference between these two sentences is nothing well pretty much nothing because they are interchangeable you can use them and they they basically mean the same thing because with both of these sentences we're talking about an unfinished action and I know this can be a bit confusing because you're probably thinking like wait a second Wes you told us that the present perfect tense is used to talk about finished actions at an unspecified time in the past yes that is true but you can also use the present perfect tense to talk about an unfinished action that started in the past and and it's gone on for a duration of time or since a point in time and those are two key words that I really want you to remember and be aware of because we often use the present perfect with those words for and since so I could say I have studied English for three years a duration of time or I could say I've studied English since 2018 both of those sentences mean the exact same thing the only difference is for and since I could also say this using the present perfect continuous I've been studying English for 3 years or I've been studying English since 2018 so if somebody were to ask you how long have you been learning English you could respond with any one of those sentences it's it's really your pick there there's not much difference between them but there is a very there there is very slight difference of course I didn't want to I didn't want to disappoint you I wanted to really get into details here so I was saving it for the very end and let let's talk about those slight differences right now which is going to help you kind of well not only improve your comprehension but your overall fluency as well so the good news is is that when the present perfect and the present perfect continuous are basically interchangeable and they pretty much mean the same thing we're only talking about a handful of verbs we're talking about the verbs like teach play learn study and work all right so those are five verbs that when you're using either verb tense they're fairly interchangeable and they mean the same thing but again there there may be a slight difference in a certain context situation it may be more appropriate to use one over the other so let let's look at these sentences right here we've lived in Budapest for 4 years and we've been living in Budapest since 2017 so just looking at them generally speaking they're very similar they're they pretty much the same you could use them interchangeably but there there may be a slight difference when talking about the permanent versus temporary so let me give you a couple of other sentences that I think are probably a little easier to understand when I talk about the difference between permanent and temporary so you're more likely to use the present perfect tense when when talking about an unfinished action that's more permanent and you're more likely to use the present perfect continuous when you're you're talking about an unfinished action that's perhaps temporary so I could say well I've worked for the company for 25 years I I'm using the present perfect it's unfinished because I still work for the company and and it's more permanent it it makes you think well I'm not looking for a job I'm not going to change jobs I'm just giving you this information I've worked for the company for 25 years if I I say this that well I usually work downtown but I've been working at home ever since the pandemic started in this case I'm I'm referring to an action that started in the past it's unfinished because I'm still working at home but it's only temporary it makes you think that in the future then perhaps I I'm not going to be working at home anymore I'm talking about a temporary situation I've been working at home ever since the pandemic started so hopefully that makes it a little easier to understand the difference when I say permanent versus temporary and you could even apply this to other sentences that you may use interchangeably so those two sentences that I told you a moment ago we have lived in Budapest for four years or we've been living in Budapest since 2017 in general uh you could use either one but again if you use the present perfect if I say we've lived in Budapest since 2017 then it it's a more permanent situation it might make you think well uh we're not currently looking to change the place that we live that we're probably going to stay in Budapest if I say it using the present perfect continuous the focus is on that action that that we're we're still living here it's unfinish but it makes you think it may only be temporary because in the future that that's going to change if the focus is on that action in all likelihood that action is going to change in the future in which case we would well will move somewhere else and that this is only temporary and if you were to ask me I would say the second one we've been living in Budapest since 2017 because this is probably not going to be our permanent home in the future we will likely move somewhere else so even though with those five verbs work play Live teach study you can use these verb tenses interchangeably you you could read a little more information into it if you want to think about whether something is going to be more permanent or if something is temporary let's see how well you know your grammar so I'm going to give you a question I'll give you a moment to think of the answer and then I will tell you the answer and explain why it is correct so let's begin with our first question right here if somebody were to say whatever you do don't leave me alone talking to Wes he's so okay how would you complete that sentence are you going to use a bored or B boring so I hope that you chose B boring that is the correct answer he's so boring so this can be a little confusing the difference between Ed and ing adjectives in short you're going to use Ed adjectives to talk about the way you feel you're going to use ing adjectives to describe uh a situation a thing or just the a person's characteristic in this case we're talking about a characteristic of mine that I'm boring and this is just an example of course I hope that you do not think that I am boring I would rather you say that maybe I am amusing or interesting or charming I would take any of those ing adjectives here's your next challenging question if I had taken my medicine this morning M right now are you going to use a I would have felt sick or B I wouldn't feel sick so I said it's challenging and difficult because we're talking about a mixed conditional which means the answer is B I wouldn't feel sick if I had taken my medicine this morning I wouldn't feel sick right now in this case we're mixing the second and third conditional so we have an imaginary condition because we're imagining a different past which is the third conditional if I had taken my medicine this morning so I I did not take it and that leads us in to a hypothetical result in the present I wouldn't feel sick right now another way to think about it is with these two statements right here I didn't take my medicine this morning therefore I I feel sick right now I I'm saying the same thing with that mixed conditional if I had taken my medicine this morning I wouldn't feel sick right now here is your next question I don't know what are you going to say where I should go or where should I go this is is something I noticed that many Learners commonly confus so that what we're talking about that blank is really a noun clause which means the answer is a I don't know where I should go so a noun clause it's a dependent clause that has a subject and a verb and just know that it quite often noun Clauses are going to begin with words like that or how or those wh words like who what when why or where and then we have this question right here the movie M at 8:00 p.m. or you could say theie movie M at 8:00 how are you going to complete that sentence are you going to use a will start B starts or C is starting so for this one I I guarantee that you got the correct answer and that is because all of them are correct it's a little bit of a trick question you could use will start to talk about things that that will happen in the future you could use start the present simple to refer to scheduled events in the future and you could also use is starting the present continuous when when talking about future Arrangements even though all are correct it really just depends on the context when deciding which one you're going to use so let me try to give you some context and tell you how my mind works as to how I would choose which one of these so I I think overwhelmingly I am going to use the present simple and just say starts if somebody were to ask me hey what time's the movie I would say the movie starts at 8:00 I would probably use is starting if I kind of want to emphasize and highlight the time in that case maybe I'm trying to say well okay I want you to be there all right don't be late just remember the movie is starting at 8:00 so when you use the present continuous you're really referring to that point in time so I'm really trying to make that clear the movie started at 8:00 and then to be honest I would probably use will start less frequently I might use it if I'm thinking about maybe other things that are also going to happen in the future if I were thinking to myself well um I'll have to eat dinner before the movie and then the movie will start at 8:00 and after the movie um I'll have to go home because I have to work tomorrow so hopefully that gives you a little more context as to when you might use these different answers here is your next question I recommend that everyone watching this video that like button all right are you going to say hit that like button or hit that like button so once again this can be a bit tricky the answer is a hit we're talking about the subjunctive mood and we use this to talk about desires wishes or suggestions now grammatically speaking in that noun clause that's right we're talking about another noun clause that everyone watching this video hit that like button in that noun clause you're going to use the base verb when we're talking about the subjunctive mood and this can be a little tricky if if the subject is perhaps in the third person like he she or it or if we're talking about an indefinite pronoun like everyone now in spoken English people may not always follow follow this rule so if I'm going to use the subjunctive mood I I could say something like I wish I were faster I wish I were taller I wish I were living in a big beautiful home along the coast overlooking the ocean so in spoken English you may hear somebody say I wish I was taller I wish I were taller I wish I was taller it can be confusing but you will hear both in spoken English next we have this question I M English for several months and I plan to continue improving my language skills are you going to use a have studied or B have been studying so we're talking about the difference between the present perfect and the present perfect continuous all right I hope that you chose B have been studying I've been studying English for several months and I plan to continue improving my language skills so b i it is I think it's the correct answer you could use a but I think B is the better answer and and let me explain so the present perfect and the present perfect continuous it can be confusing because they they are sometimes interchangeable especially if we're talking about an unfinished action which in this case we are but you're going to use the present perfect continuous more specifically when you're talking about an action that's started in the past it's continued to the present and then will likely continue into the future and it's the second part of this sentence and I plan to continue improving my language skills that is why I say B have been studying is the better answer here's the next question M making progress we could not finish before the deadline are you going to use a in spite of or B although okay so I hope that you chose a in spite of in spite of making progress we could not finish before the deadline so both in spite of and although they they're referring to contrasting ideas the the only real difference is the way that you use them and I'm talking about the structure of the sentence after in spite of we're going to use a noun a Jaren which is that ing form or a pronoun after although we're going to use a subject and a verb so in our sentence you have making that is a Jaren so you're going to use in spite of in spite of making progress now I I could use although and say the same thing and use a subject and a verb and I would say although we made progress we could not finish before the deadline so just remember that in spite of making progress is a phrase whereas although we made progress is a clause they're really the same it it just depends on how you want to structure the sentence here's your next question talking about prepositions last night we left M New York City it was a long flight but we're really excited to see the Big Apple are you going to complete this sentence with two from or four which preposition completes this sentence last night we left M New York city so the answer is C4 last night we left for New York City now I know prepositions can be tricky and the best thing you can do is just practice them like we're doing right now so let me explain this the second sentence that is important it was a long flight but we're excited to see the Big Apple that tells us that the destination is New York City therefore we're not going to use from and normally if we're talking about a place you would go to a place but our verb is leave you're not going to use to when the verb is leave you're going to use for if you're talking about going to a destination you leave for someplace last night we left for New York City your next question M did you invite to the party are you going to use a who or be whom the correct answer is be whom whom did you invite to the party I I would say that a is also correct in spok in English and I will I will talk about that in just a moment but who and whom can be confusing but think of it this way you're going to use who when the unknown is referring to the subject and you'll use whom when the unknown is referring to the object so all we have to do is take our question and change it into a statement and I could say well I invited him to the party or I invited her to the party him and her those are objects so in that case I'm going to use whom whom did you invite to the party now I said that a is correct in spoken English because well yeah people just don't follow the rules I think it's quite common in in places like the United States which is where I'm from most people will use who instead of whom and I am somebody who also does this if I were to ask this question I would just say who did you invite to the party so just keep that in mind that this is another one of those rules in spoken English that people will tend to break who versus whom here is another question I bought a gift for my little girl it's this um this little stuff puppy right here I hope she enjoys M gift are you going to use a the or no article which one I hope that you chose be the I hope she enjoys the gift that is the correct answer so really what we're talking about is the rule of first mention and what this rule says is that the first time you mention a a singular noun you're going to use the indefinite article a or an and the second time that you mention that same noun you're going to use the definite article the' because it is now known so this is a very useful and important rule to follow if you are writing a story or telling a story because you want to make sure you get those articles correct I hope that you enjoyed the gift of this grammar lesson and if you did then you can give me a gift and that is the gift of writing to me in the comments because I just love hearing from you thank you so much for watching and I will see you next time so long

Channel: Interactive English

Views: 283,480

Keywords: interactive english, learn english, learn english grammar, advanced grammar, learn advanced grammar, english grammar quiz, advanced grammar quiz, advanced grammar lesson, subjunctive mood english, present perfect vs present perfect continuous, noun clauses in english, learn english prepositions, learn future tense in english, prepositions of place, english grammar, english grammar lessons, modals in english grammar, could have should have would have, used to vs use to

Id: 2TkB_yr7nCc

Length: 54min 47sec (3287 seconds)

Published: Wed Nov 29 2023