레전드 인공지능 과학자가 별세하기전에 남긴 MIT 최고의 강의 "말을 하는 법"

[Music] [Music] your success in life will be determined largely by your ability to speak your ability to write and the quality of your ideas in that order a few decades ago when i was skiing at sun valley i had heard that it was celebrity weekend and one of the celebrities was a was mary lou retton famous olympic gymnast perfect tens in the vault and i heard that she was a novice at skiing so when the opportune moment arrived i looked over on a novice slope and saw this young woman who when she became unbalanced went like that and i said that's got to be her that must be the gymnast and i was a better skier because i had decay and i had to pee and all she had was the tea so you can get a lot better than people who may have inherent talents if you have the right amount of knowledge [Music] at the end of this 60 minutes you will know things about speaking you don't know now and something among those things you know will be make a difference in your life yeah that's an empowerment promise so that's the best way to start approaching presentations [Music] well for many reasons one of which is at any given moment about 20 of you will be fogged out no matter what the lecture is so if you want to ensure that the probability that everybody gets it is high you need to say it three times [Music] so i might in this talk say something about this being my outline the first thing we're going to do is talk about how to start then we're going to deal with these four samples and among these four samples i've talked about the first idea that's cycling some enumerating and providing numbers i'm giving you a sense that there's a seam in the talk and you can get back back on it yes ask a question yes thank you so ask a question [Music] and so i will ask a question how much dead air can there be how long can i pause i count it seven seconds it seems like an eternity to me to wait and not say anything for 10 for seven seconds but that's the standard amount of time you can wait for an answer and of course the question has to be carefully chosen it can't be too obvious because then people will be embarrassed to say what the answer is can't be too hard because then nobody will have anything to say [Music] [Music] [Music] 11am and the reason is most people at mit are awake by then and hardly anyone is going back to sleep it's not right after a meal people aren't fatigued from this or that it's a great time to have a lecture so that brings me next to the question of what about the place and the most important thing about the place is that it'd be well lit this room is well lit the problem with the other kinds of rooms is that we humans whenever the lights go down or whether whenever the room is similarly lighted it signals that we should go to sleep so whenever i go somewhere to give a talk even today the first thing i do when i speak to the audio visual people who say keep the lights full up [Music] here this morning i did what i typically do i imagine that all the seats were filled with disinterested farm animals that way i knew that no matter how bad it was it wouldn't be as bad as that [Music] lazarus was the instructor at the time and he was talking about the conservation of energy kinetic and potential and there was a long wire in the ceiling in 26 100 attached to a much bigger steel ball the one like this and lazarus uh took the ball up against the wall like this he put his head flat against the wall to steady himself and then he let go and the pendulum takes many seconds to go over and back and then gently kisses lazarus's nose and so you have many seconds to think this guy really believes in the conservation of energy [Music] when you're sitting up there watching me right on the board all those little mirror neurons in your head i believe become actuated and you can feel yourself writing on the blackboard and even more so uh when i uh talk about this steel ball going that way in this way you can you can you can feel the ball as if you were me and you can't do that with a slide you can't do it with a picture you need to see it in a physical world [Music] as i was there for a few minutes someone came up to me and said are you professor winston i think so i said i don't know i guess i was trying to be funny in any event he said i'm on my way to europe to give a job talk would you mind critiquing my slides not at all i said you have too many and they have too many words how did you know he said thinking perhaps i had seen a talk of his before i hadn't my reply was because it's always true there are always too many slides always too many words [Music] did an experiment a few years ago he taught some students some web-based programming ideas half the information was on slides he said the other half and then for a control group he reversed it and the question was what did the subjects that is to say freshman in his fraternity what did the subjects remember best what he said or what they read on the slide and the answer is what they read on the slide when their slides have a lot of material they'll pay attention to the speaker in fact in the after action report one of the subjects said i wish you hadn't talked so much it was distracting you lose contact with the audience you don't want to do it i have no eye contact no engagement nothing [Music] people would go waving these things around and pretty soon it became almost like a time swirling contest so here's what here's what i recommended in the old days for dealing with this kind of pointer this example used for prop urban and sliding smith pointers here's a talk i attended a while back in stata notice that the speaker is far away from the slides speaker's using a laser pointer and you say to me well what's happening here it's by the way the 80th 80th slide in the presentation notice that it stands with words this is the first of 10 conclusion slides so what's the audience reaction that's the sponsor of the meeting he's reading his email this is the co-sponsor of the meeting he's examining the lunch menu what about this person this person looks like he's paying attention but just because it's a still picture if you were to see a video what you would see is something like this so yeah [Music] [Music] let me give you an example of a lecture that starts this way i'm talking about resource allocation it's the same sort of stuff you would think of when you're so it's the same sort of ideas you would need if you're allocating aircraft to a flight schedule or trying to schedule a factory or something like that but the example is putting colors on the states in the united states without any bordering states having the same color so here goes [Music] this is what i show in the beginning the class this is a way of doing that coloring and you might say well why don't we wait till it finishes would you like to do that no well we're not going to wait till it finishes because the sun will have exploded and consumed the earth before this program finishes but with a slight adjustment to how the program works which i tell my students you will understand in the next 50 minutes this is what you get [Music] isn't that cool you know you got you got to be you got to be amazed by stuff that takes a computation from longer than the lifetime of the solar system into a few seconds so that's what i mean by [Music] providing a promise up front and expressing some passion about what you're talking about a few years ago our department chairman said would you please give this talk to a new faculty and be sure to emphasize what it takes to inspire students and strangely i hadn't thought about that question before so i started a survey i talked to some of my incoming freshman advisees and i talked to senior faculty and everything in between about how they've been inspired what i found from the incoming freshmen is that they were inspired by some high school teacher who told them they could do it what i found in the senior faculty they were inspired by someone who helped them to see a problem in a new way and what i saw from everyone is that they were inspired when someone exhibited passion about what they were doing [Music] so you need to get together some friends who don't know what you're doing and have them well you start the practice session by saying if you can't make me cry i won't value as a friend anymore and then when you get to the faculty on a uh oral exam it will be easy [Music] to get [Music] so the problem is understanding the nature of human intelligence and the approach is asking questions about what makes us different from chimpanzees and neanderthals is it merely a matter of quantity are we just a little bit smarter in some continuous way or do we have something that's fundamentally different that chimpanzees don't have and neanderthals either and the answer is yes we do have something different we are symbolic creatures and because we're symbolic preachers we can um we can uh build symbolic descriptions of relations and events we can string them together and make stories and because we can make stories that's what makes us different so that's that's my stump speech that's how i start most of my talks on my own personal research [Music] here's what solutions to be done we need to specify some behavior we need to enumerate the constraints that make it possible to deal with that behavior we have to implement a system because we're engineers and we don't think that we've understood something unless we can build it and we built such a system and we're about to demonstrate it to you today that would be an example of a numerating series of steps needed to realize the vision [Music] how about this one this is the worst possible way to end a talk because this slide can be up there for 20 minutes i've seen it happen it squanders real estate it squanders an opportunity to tell people who you are it's just what about this one i often see it i've never seen anybody write it down oh my god [Music] even worse all of these lines do nothing for you they waste an opportunity for you to tell people to leave people with what you with who you are [Music] i don't recommend it it's a weak move you will not go to hell if you conclude your talk by saying thank you but it's a weak move and here's why when you say thank you even worse thank you for listening it suggested everybody has stayed that long out of politeness and that they had a profound desire to be somewhere else but they're so polite they stuck it out and that's what you're thanking them for you guys [Music] and together everybody together we will stand up once again for american greatness for our children and grandchildren god bless you and god bless america if that is what you want if that is what you believe you must vote and you must reelect president barack obama god bless you and god bless america what are we going to take away from this well um i suppose i could conclude this talk by saying uh god bless you and god bless [Music] you know what i'm glad you're here and the reason is by being here i think you have demonstrated an understanding that how you present and how you package your ideas is an important thing and i salute you for that and i suggest that you come back again and bring your friends [Applause] [Music] you

Channel: JASON MEDIA

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Keywords: #제이슨미디어, #제이슨, #미디어

Id: jS-Jk9fT7uQ

Length: 16min 14sec (974 seconds)

Published: Wed Jun 08 2022