大麻發源地是哪裡？可以幫助治療癌症？「大麻科學家」解答網友問題！｜名人專業問答｜GQ Taiwan

I'm Amber wise I am a cannabis scientist and I'm here today to answer your questions from Twitter this is cannabis support [Music] from I'm Felicia ho it's okay to smoke weed but every day some people use cannabis to modulate neurodivergent behaviors some people use it medically in order to get out of bed and reduce their pain some people use it for arthritis and and these are daily applications and there are zero deaths attributed to Natural cannabis use some would argue that getting high every day is potentially safer than getting drunk every day from 50 Shades of Green why does weed cause the munchies cannabinoids and THC actually stimulate the release of our hunger molecule called gorillin a hormone that makes us feel hungry cannabinoids can also heighten your sense of smell and taste so not only do you feel more hungry but those Doritos can also taste better next up rapid RNR asks did you know the human body naturally produces cannabinoids the thing is our body does make cannabinoid molecules but they're not the same ones that the plant makes these molecules regulate almost every aspect of our biochemistry history mood sleepiness and a weakness how hungry you are your metabolism rates your energy levels we call this now the endocannabinoid system the reason that we react to the cannabinoids that the plant makes are because those molecules also bind to the same receptors that our body has in our endocannabinoid system from terrible Tony is it me or is the weed out here getting stronger humans are now selectively breeding cannabis and have been for a long time to make more cannabinoids in the flower flower from 30 40 years ago has fewer cannabinoids than the flower that's being grown today you might be going into retail stores and seeing you know a couple years ago labels saying 25 total THC in flour and now we're seeing 35 or maybe 40 percent or even more than 40 percent those numbers are not real there is a physical limit to the amount that the plant can make 30 percent is generally agreed upon as the maximum amount that you can get a flower to produce and that is like the dankiest sticky icky we're talking about the next question is from alms XO is weed a psychedelic there are three terms I'd like to define a little more clearly here we have psychoactive psychotropic and we have psychedelic psychoactive is anything that reacts with your brain chemistry and that can be caffeine and that can be any number of things psychotropic is somehow affecting your perception of reality your mood your awareness and sometimes perception of time and psychedelic is generally agreed upon to include hallucinations and drastic changes in how you're perceiving reality in terms of the generally agreed upon definition of psychedelic generally cannabinoids are not THC and CBD can be considered psychoactive they both interact with our brains and generally THC is considered psychotropic it can change our mood um and and how we perceive reality from Anthony does CBD actually do anything first I want want to show how similar CBD and THC are in terms of molecular structure they actually weigh the same and have the same number of carbons and hydrogens and oxygens the big difference is that the ring structure here is closed on the THC and the ring is open here on the CBD that's the only difference however we have it on paper here so they both look flat in three dimensions the shape is quite different and that leads to different behaviors in your body purified CBD all by itself is often not very effective for whatever you might be seeking treatment for however when we have a more full spectrum mixture of different molecules from the plant it can be much more effective for a variety of different ailments from filth filler why do Edibles hit different well it's because it's actually a different molecule that your body is getting high from so so far we've really only been talking about Delta 9 THC and that's what happens when you inhale it goes directly into your bloodstream from your lungs so you feel that effect quite quickly however with Edibles you first have to go through your stomach your intestines through your liver and your liver attaches a hydroxy group and causes a different molecule to form called 11-hydroxy THC that's why Edibles hit different meaning they take longer and they also feel different because it's a different molecule interacting with those receptors in your body from Jada Tony raw what's the difference between indoor and outdoor weed this is a very hot topic and everybody falls on one side or the other there was a recent study done where they grew clones from the same plant so genetically the same starting material some of them were grown outdoors in natural living soil some of it was grown indoors with potting soil and artificial lights and looking at the molecular profile that the plant made the outdoor cannabis had wider variety of cannabinoids it had more minor cannabinoids and rare cannabinoids and the indoor often has slightly higher yield and often more consistent molecular profiles so it really depends on what you're looking for and you can get quality out of both types of situations from cine churros why does weed smell like that cannabis has that distinctive smell and different strains do smell differently but you can often say that that smells like weed well the answer is terpenes terpenes are one of the most widely found molecules in the plant kingdom all kinds of plants and herbs and spices and pine trees have terpenes in them THC and CBD actually are odorless and in fact the drug dogs that are used to detect cannabis are trained on terpene molecules and that skunky smell in cannabis is actually due to sulfur containing compounds that were just very recently discovered from Robin's Group LLC what are cannabis trichomes and why are they so important can cannabis trichomes are actually only found on the female structure of the flower and the trichomes are where all of the cannabinoids and terpenes are synthesized in the plant if you zoom in you'll see these trichomes are these tiny little mushroom-shaped structures and within that round part at the end of that stock that's the location that the plant actually makes the cannabinoids THC CBD and the terpenes all in that one little head from finger zero zero is there really a difference between indica and sativa or is it all on the head the old adage is that Indica will make you feel into couch or relaxed or sleepy and sativas might make you more creative or more energetic recent studies actually show that there is no molecular correlation between the two in terms of the kinds of terpenes or cannabinoid molecules that the plant makes so it might actually just be all in your head from next big crop what effect does THC and CBD have on your sleep and dreams so in terms of falling asleep and staying asleep THC C and CBD in combination seem to work quite well cannabis and THC and cannabinoids can help with falling asleep in terms of Dreams there is evidence to suggest that THC reduces your REM Cycles which is the part where you remember your dreams occurring but long-term users of cannabis who stop using do report very vivid dreams coming back after they're stopping using cannabis so there is definitely some effect on what we remember during use and after we stop using but we don't fully understand the mechanisms there from optimal nt1 why does marijuana have THC and the plant doesn't actually make these molecules for our benefit the plant benefits from making these molecules what we call secondary metabolites something that are not needed for fundamental growth and function of plants but perform another function there is evidence to suggest it protects against UV rays it protects potential potentially against pests and also things like anti-fungal and antimicrobial properties Amy 99 why does weed make you high we used to think it was dopamine being released but it's actually not true science has shown that it is this anandamide molecule named for the Sanskrit word Joy or Bliss this molecule is released in our brain and makes us feel happy sometimes it can make us feel anxious or moody or paranoid as well is determined by your biochemistry and many other factors including what other molecules are present potentially in that cannabis the next question is from Danny T Kane have we determined if contact high is a real thing never in my life have I got a contact high in terms of contact high we're going to talk about you know inhaling secondhand smoke at a party let's say one study that was done with a bunch of folks in a very unventilated room where half the folks smoked joints constantly and the other halfs just sat there the people who did not smoke the joints tested positive for THC and said they felt a little high when they just ventilated the room the folks who did not smoke the joints said they didn't feel much and they also did not test positive for THC whiffing the smell of cannabis as you walk down the street you're totally fine but if your friends are hot boxing in the car uh you might run into some problems from Kate white what's the difference between Delta 8 9 and 10. to a chemist it's really just the position of a double bond this is Delta 9 THC and this is a double bond here between the nine and ten carbon atoms here Delta eight means this double bond is just over here on the ring structure and Delta 10 means it's on a different position on that same ring the big difference is that Delta 9 THC is naturally produced by the plant and Delta 8 and Delta 10 are converted from either CBD molecules or Delta 9. the next question is from yuja Nara I why does weed make you laugh well there is a actually a mechanism in that it makes more blood flow to the prefrontal cortex of your brain which affects your moods it does increase the endocannabinoid Bliss molecules in our in our bodies the anandamide molecule that naturally exists so it's complicated but there is some chemistry behind it making you laugh from 420 Weed Man Jeff one question does anybody know where cannabis originated from and about how long ago we used to say that cannabis came from the Central Asian region usually around India and in fact cannabis Indica Indica suggests coming from India but it turns out genetic profiling recently in the last couple of years shows that it comes from East Asia and Eastern parts of China how long ago well plants predate humans there is evidence to suggest that there was fiber type hemp and cannabis being grown about 12 000 BC psychotropic and spiritual use of cannabis around 7 500 years ago and there have been documented evidence of its medical and ritualistic use for thousands of years and in various parts of the world commercially available cannabis is so highly bred that it would be difficult to kind of Trace that back or even be very recognizable to sort of the origins of the cannabis plant the next question is from Martini no tea why does weed still need to give you dry mouth do we have people working on this we need people working on this there are neurotransmitters in our brains that cannabinoids interact with that cause our saliva glands to stop working as well as they should and it's not just smoking you can get cottonmouth from Edibles and tinctures as well in terms of we should have somebody working on this this is one of the things that gets me excited about the Cannabis world of science is that there's so many unanswered questions and potential areas for new research so somebody should get on that at Pontiac made ddg is weed addictive addiction is Gen generally defined as a use disorder now and involves some sort of physical withdrawal symptoms when use is stopped it's an estimated between 10 and 30 percent of cannabis users end up with some sort of use disorder and certainly people seek treatment for cannabis use disorder but it's generally much lower than for other drugs of abuse compared to the number of people that use cannabis cannabis is being shown to be a way to get off of other types of drugs like opiates it's not an easy yes or no answer but generally much safer than other types of recreational drugs out there from Ashley logic how exactly does marijuana help cancer multiple sclerosis and glaucoma specifically for cancer many people think that cannabis products can reduce tumor growth and the clinical studies on that are quite mixed actually cannabis has been shown to help with the treatment of Cancer and a lot of the side effects that come from chemotherapy and radiation making you feel hungry which is important to keep your nutrition up I'm helping you sleep and relax which is good for healing and the nausea that you can sometimes get with chemotherapy the glaucoma aspect seems to be more short-term and not really a cure cannabis and THC does reduce the intraocular pressure certainly there are many Ms patients that are being helped with specific formulations you know under a doctor's care from Mike in mahea so why is cannabis still classified as schedule 1 drug out of five schedules one being the most dangerous who is obstructing rescheduling this is pretty much just a hangover from the prohibition era schedule one means there is no accepted medical benefit which we know is not true anymore the DEA is the one that controls the scheduling and the FDA has purview over all the Food and Drugs in the United States currently they're sort of pointing fingers at each other and saying it's you know one or the other's fault but it is important to remember that re scheduling down to a different number on the scheduling scale is different than descheduling which is removing it all together from the scheduling scale in my opinion it would be better to deschedule altogether if you have it on the numbered schedule scale that pretty much limits it to pharmaceutical and prescription applications only and there are also legal and social justice issues that are wrapped up in the scheduling system versus removing it from that list altogether from fat one bear why does weed turn purple these purple molecules are due to molecules called anthocyanins a lot of plants produce anthocyanins when they are in cold environments anthocyanins are also known to be UV protectors so when there's too much sun these anthocyanin molecules can absorb some of that extra UV energy so often we see more purple plants when it's colder and more sunny and they can revert to being more green when it warms up again but some of it is also due to genetics from River Rock Co what's the difference between resin live resin and rosin some people consider resin to be a specific kind of extract of the cannabis plant but resin can be used as a general term for all kinds of sticky oils or extracts that come from the plant itself live resin is generally agreed upon to be extracted from fresh frozen plant material the cannabis plant is grown and harvested like normal but it doesn't get dried it gets flash frozen and that all of that water content and original terpene profile is maintained and then rosin is actually just pressed oil from the plant itself so there's no solvents no extraction being done but heat and pressure being applied to the dried flower buds and the cannabinoids and terpenes and other kind of oily plant molecules oozing out as like a thick oily substance all right that's all the questions hope you learned something and until next time [Music]

Channel: GQ Taiwan

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Id: 6zgH9lXNYPU

Length: 16min 23sec (983 seconds)

Published: Sun Apr 30 2023