‘Nick From Home’ #89 - Exotic N: Western Cascade Foothills

welcome morning everybody the local time is 8 49 in the morning welcome to ellensburg washington usa we will begin our program at the top of the hour at nine o'clock the topic today western cascade foothills my goodness had trouble with the phone again so let me ask are we functional i don't know what i'm doing wrong but i did something wrong the last couple mornings we're five by five thank you lisa lee is good let's say hamar good morning to a few people slightly rattled i've been running all over the place inside the house outside the house power the phone down re-power it up whidbey island is here finland is here hello enrique aloha oregon the czech republic susana philadelphia uh coffey blodgett oregon scotland checking in hello chelan washington camarillo dublin ohio burlington washington oh man we're talking about burlington today west palm beach florida dartmouth uk uh celezia carlton the big cypress swamp sauber's down there nice texas squim bunch of regulars here renton maple valley montreal hello natalie phoenix arizona bonjour welcome to the jose tazuni montreal that's it for me took three years of french in college don't remember a damn thing uh elsie coupeville it's a beautiful morning the sun is nice and warm i'm in the front yard as you can tell this the the sun is so low in the sky now that the entire backyard is in the shade okay i got some thank yous uh probably won't start right at the top of the hour because i got a bunch of thank yous but we are talking about the western cascade foothills today and the san juan islands was last time and we'll we'll do a quick review because it's important to connect san juan islands to this topic today i'm going to keep my eye on you make sure that we're doing okay let me check the yeah yeah we'll keep the neighbors out of it they're having breakfast right now okay uh thank yous thank you to consuelo who uh sent something else from spokane this time can't keep track of where you're from consuela but she sent this absolutely vintage 1941 map uh where did i write the yes are you a fan of maps do you know about this guy and how famous his 1941 pacific northwest map is google this and you'll see a stunning map and this is in very delicate shape but consuelo thank you i will get it framed and i will use it at school so what a what a treat to have something this rare and i appreciate you passing it along thank you phil from kitsap peninsula if you were an alert viewer in the last program you saw a big truck with a camper on it pulled into the driveway as we were finishing last time that was phil he was on his way fishing in eastern washington so he passed along a book some old maps uh some slag he works at a power pan plant over in the kitsap peninsula so this is not a rock this is some slag from uh from his power plant and this is a bag of zircons apparently used in the power plant game which i don't understand and he didn't know where they got their zircon but this is incredibly heavy bag it's sand but it's it's every grain is is the mineral zircon and we'll talk about zircon a fair amount over the next few weeks so thanks phil i'm sorry i'm a little rushed with my thank yous but i i think you'll know why old salty uh this is andrew aka old salty and uh nick a couple of pinewood bowls that i made for you one for the office or one for the house if you wish i used tongue oil for the finish to fully cure hand wash and dry only and then more about care of these wonderful handmade bowls by andrew where are you from andrew olympia thank you andrew very much this arrived again thank you for all the gifts uh this is from cecilia the cat who lives in uh portland and this is tubiju that was a nice card for bijou the cat blurred video what are we okay are we okay i need a few more five by fives otherwise i'm gonna what the heck okay i've seen enough five by fives that i'm not going to worry going in and out i don't know i got to proceed okay um so this is uh tobijou from cecilia hello bijou i'm one of your fans from portland oregon my parents say i am a geocat because when they met me at the cat adoption shelter seven years ago my name was shuckson that will be in the topic that will be in the show today my mom and dad went to the vancouver washington farmers market and purchased some kitty toys for you and me you can play with washington and oregon although they didn't have german chocolate cake they found a key lime pie for you enjoy your fans cecilia with a little signature so cecilia if you're listening uh this is the hit already uh we broke the rule and we let biju play with these so here is i don't know what kind of powerful catnip is but bijou is acting like a drug addict with these things this is this is oregon he's going crazy over oregon he's going crazy over washington cat toy with catnip inside i don't know what this stuff is and uh key lime pie i used the key lime pie i don't remember what i was talking about last spring but we had a key lime pie and so thank you cecilia the cat from portland and one more thank you oh boy oh boy so big i can't really do the dramatic reveal for you but it's in here this is from gary in arlington washington uh nice things nice things nice things thank you gary i appreciate it as a former uw geology student university of washington you have reignited my interest with some time on my hands because i'm retired i have enjoyed delving into the rocks in a way that has eluded me for decades this photo big photo was taken about two years ago from near the summit of tommy oy tomah hoy t-o-m-y-h-o-i i looked it up this morning and it's on one of our maps tamayoi peak in the mount baker wilderness the view looks southeast across many terrains of the north cascades you want to see it i mean come on gary come on gary are you kidding me this is going in our in our house for sure we just need to pick the right wall amazing work by gary he's even got a uh you're not an amateur it looks like gary so you've got your own stamp and we're going to look at a few more gary's been sending me some photos with some yellow labels and so we'll be using a few today and we'll continue to use some so this is obviously a very special gift gary and i i we sincerely thank you for this amazing amazing stuff okay man it's nine o'clock i'm gonna be three minutes late because i gotta settle down and and get my head right uh thank you for joining us and uh we will begin in two minutes i promise okay hot mike well this will be interesting i'm in the front yard and everything so we're going to people driving by and walking by and wanting to chat got to get my blood pressure down a little bit ugh a pleasant good morning to you all thank you for joining us i'm so glad that you could be with us today it's november 1st it's a sunday morning we just changed our clocks back an hour so i had an extra hour to prepare for this talk today i have learned an incredible amount in the last 48 hours since i saw you last since i since i've seen you last whatever the right grammar is there and i'm excited to share what i've learned with you as i've mentioned before with some of these shows there's a there's a satisfying feeling of relief when i finally can draw things out for myself go through all these sources and put it together for my brain and maybe you're a similar learner so i've heard about the yellow aster complex for 30 years don't know anything about it twin sisters done i yeah i guess i've heard about it you know people will come up after a public talk or something yeah tell me about the twin sisters we just love that area like i've never been they're like what aren't you a geologist yes you know it's typically a male that does that aren't you a geologist yeah haven't you been to twin sisters no all right well i guess i'll ask somebody else whatever man the point is there's been a lot of that over the years and this is an area of washington that i know very little about it's not within a day's drive an easy day's drive and so it's it's up by mount baker and our topic is not mop baker mount baker is an active cascade volcano and has erupted many times in the past and will erupt many times in the future but surrounding that very active mount baker are exotic terrains ta-da i still got plenty of fruit cake man dareth and my analogy this fall has been using the fruitcake as an analogy for this complicated set of exotic pieces of material and to this point we've learned that some of these nuts are from asia and some of them are from northern europe and some nuts got rifted away from canada and they got reattached and we'll see that some nuts were down in mexico and okay whatever okay so we continue with our analysis with our study of the exotic fruitcake of the american west so where are we going today what what does this mean western casket foothills i struggled with what to call this show so we not got to make sure that we know where we are talking did you see the last show friday's show you got some homework to do if you haven't i don't know if you're watching this in replay you might pause this go back and watch the san juan island show and then watch this one because we're essentially going to go from the san juan islands where we were last time we're going to go east we're gonna cross interstate five interstate fives goes bellingham everett uh seattle olympia kelso longview portland okay north south highway muffled and so if we cross i-5 and leave anacortes we leave the san juan islands and we start heading into the foothills colors are wrong for us here you'll see in a second and we approach some of the big boys up in the cascade so we're essentially going to the chara the the surrounding terrain ain uh around mount baker here and there's an incredible complicated mosaic of fruitcake on display not buried by a lot of younger cascade lavas so we're here we're up by the canadian border between north central washington which is kind of classically the north cascades but we're leaving the san juans for sure but we want to take our knowledge that we learned last time from the san juan we're going to find some old friends we're going to take remember we had our four pizza boxes we're gonna follow those same four pizza boxes kind of two of the boxes we're pretty sure we can follow all the way up into the cascades the other two i'm struggling with as you'll see but that's what i mean by western cascade foothills it's exotic terrains it has to be but we're not you know down by mount rainier or further south than that okay so as a visual reminder this is what we were doing last time on the san juan islands and if you recall we had four exotic terrains separated by three thrust faults we're going to see something similar today there'll be some differences for sure and of course there's a whole new if you just go through all the reports and i'll show you some of the scientific papers i was using and other things you go through all those reports you just you're just swimming in names and you're like i can't keep all this straight so part of the relief yesterday was going oh that is also that it's two names for the same thing we now have abilities to connect those places so you kind of simplify it in your mind at the same time you realize the unanswered questions that remain and we'll make sure to address at least know which are the questions that remain and what are some things that have been cleared up a fair amount so yes we'll go back to some of these terrain names in just a second but that's where we were and we are heading east across i-5 it's a three-act play as always and like we did last time act one will be the long rocks histories potential correlations with other things that we know depositional environment kind of a mental picture we didn't do that last time but i came up with that this morning um mental pictures for what we should kind of have vaguely in our mind when we look at some of these rocks but again are you hearing me the first major message we're going to have four terrains again today and there's a connection in some cases with the four terrains we had west of i-5 in the san juan islands okay want to go to mapping mcmap we're only going quickly because the scale is wrong i like the sun i can see the sun's lighting this up beautifully so you're like i don't know it looks about like what we had before is anything new yeah what's new patrick on islands on friday some of those same colors i'm going to use the same color scheme today as we get into the foothills of the cascades and one of these yellow things is going across the canadian border so we can eventually fill some of this in not all but i don't know that stuff yet and please notice i'm only going to address this quickly right now please notice how abruptly those colors stop and there's a reason for that there's a big old fault and a little head heads up next friday we're going to take a break from the map and do some petrology some mineralogy and some petrology with an expert chris mattinson is a neighbor of mine i work with him at the college chris mattinson he's a metamorphic petrologist igneous petrologist he's from stanford well-schooled he's a walking encyclopedia basically and i don't know much about metamorphic rocks and we're going to touch on some things today that i have questions about and chris is going to help us on friday a week from this morning we're coming back to the map and we're crossing the fault and we're going to look for these guys next sunday you with me so there's an abrupt stop to our story today and the some of these guys are going to be on the other side of the fault but they're not going to be right across the fault we're going to have to go look for them okay all right long long build up this morning whatever i'm still in the intro freaking folder sorry patrick no i'm not freaking that's legal so this is page 11. the daryl and marley book roadside geology of washington second edition and you remember our royal blue of quinelia you know we're ignoring the cascades we haven't gotten to something called celestia yet but we are now inching our way into the hornet's nest and these guys marley decided wow we'll just call it the north cascades terrain but you know we're going to break out all sorts of stories coming from this squiggly green area so that's where we are and where we will be for quite some time took us to november to get there but we're there in case you haven't been clear about it i'm not going to go back to square one but i'm just going to remind you the format we had our uh strat columns for stukenia cass creek and cornelia collectively called the intermontane super terrain they accrete to north america 170 million years ago still up in british columbia a similar looking strat column i like this format it's kind of a mixture between detail and also kind of some just general stuff um and so rangalia and alexander terrains collectively what i got here collectively called the insular super terrain accreted or added to north america roughly 100 million years ago still a little confused climbing those thrust vaults but we'll get into it then so our visual for the intermontane super terrain are two uh island volcanic arks oceanic volcanic arcs the twins i called them with this crazy exotic material with tethy and fossils coming across the pacific asian material essentially so folder one let's look together oh god so this is how i work i'll share with you my sources they are roadside geology books they're video programs they are scientific papers from 50 years ago scientific papers from five years ago and i just need to kind of write things out and i eventually find some connections uh that many keep bringing up and so i go okay we'll go with it i hope it's almost everything we're doing here is not 100 agreed upon by everybody almost everything even the rocks so it's an exciting topic it's partly exciting because there's so much debate and so i'm doing my best to present a coherent story as i learn week to week session by session but if i haven't admitted to you before admitting to you now i'm making some connections that maybe not everybody's happy with i try to say when i feel like it's kind of you know maybe or for sure listen to that maybe listen for that if i say this is pretty much everybody agrees on this this one's more of an open question i just want to make sure you know that there's plenty of things to work on and i'm just trying to give you a report on where we kind of are in 2020 the best that i can understand it from a regional point of view okay so you're like well this doesn't help me at all and you're like i agree with you what might help you ned brown is coming up a lot again today we mentioned ned last time ned brown long-time geology professor at western washington university in bellingham washington and he had a flirty of scientific papers that came out about 10 years ago ish and i instead of re-drafting things that i liked i just took my colored pencils and went right into the printed papers and i have little notes to myself about what i wanted to show you from each of these so what do i want to show you from this so there's a cartoon i want to show you this is the first major message today ready the colors at least look familiar from last time there's our four frozen pizza boxes are four naps with three orange thrust vaults did i color orange i forgot to three orange thrust vaults in between them and ned is helping us see that we can continue following the four pizza boxes into the cascades the western cascades foothills and your eyes probably drawn to this not everybody agrees that rangalia our friend remember jerome and the carmels and basalts and that thing the large igneous province not everybody agrees basement for much of this but that's what ned chose to do these melange belts uh i thought about including here but i then decided daryl suggested i hold off and i appreciate his advice so there's a separate story from that younger mo stuff so we're just i'm graphically now showing you what i told you five minutes ago we're just gonna follow these things away from the san juans is there an is there another cartoon here the neighbors are new last friday last sunday morning they were out helping me pick up all the papers half of them were in their yard so i'm gonna hold off on that one so they know what i'm doing out here hopefully the other hopefully they're out of the frame uh yeah you ready for a more complicated accurate cross-section side view showing that same general concept and then we'll go to our new strat column for today i'll just give you a quick look at this i don't think we'll spend a lot of time on it right now but this is a little bit more this is less cartoonish and more helping us go from san juan's over to the western cascade foothills and realizing that our thrust faults as well can be followed i remembered orange this time and there's some funkiness over here surrounding mount baker the volcano and we've kind of folded the whole thing i'm not going to have much to say about that but you know how i work and maybe by now you work as well with this series i need kind of some broad stuff before we go down and start picking away grains at an outcrop i mean i'm interested in the details but i can't start with detail lose interest need this kind of framing before i'm willing to dive in and get my nose right there on the rocks so speaking of that let's get to our new terrain names colors are going to be the same boards by dave here's last time and i'll just pause for just a second let's see uh yeah let's get this over here on this side so you remember we had the turtle back i kind of forget myself i'm reading backwards now the turtleback train the deadman bay terrain the constitution slash lopez complex and then the decatur terrain and i am reminding you now so we're kind of doing a little bit of review from friday i'm reminding you that we picked yellow for turtleback because most everybody now most everybody now agrees that that's alexander terrain material i'm not going to go get the map again but you remember the alexander it's up in bc it's heading up through the slice of the yukon it's even up in southeast alaska the alexander terrain what was the origin of the alexander terrain where in the world alexander terrain coming from i'll wait mainly to see if we're functional did you get the question i'm nothing yet where did the alexander thank you thank you kyle sean yes correct europe northern europe northern eurasia correct so this is the stuff that came through the arc arctic and we made that point last time same question for you here what was our correlation for the dead man bay terrain also part of the san juan islands because of those tethian fossils i'm seeing i think you're still talking about this right so this is cache creek this is alexander this is cash creek where did the cash creek come from other side of the pacific correct asian material it's kind of weird to think of it that way but i mean this is this is european stuff this is asian stuff that's that's now sitting in the middle of all those beautiful islands in uh in the puget lowland okay and then i'll pick up the pace we remember these two guys got heads meaning that they're just thin slivers of probably much larger exotic terrains and where did that basement material go if there was a whole section of ocean crust where did it go is it here someplace if this is a big section somebody asked about how thick these really are but this is what we had okay good so the reveal for today's show more buffering i don't care i really don't i can't i can't focus on that everybody says there's buffering what if i switch to uh cell coverage okay we're switching to cell coverage okay i'm on data now i'm not on wireless is this going to be any better i'm talking to you in a controlled voice i have no voice inflection will ferrell okay well i'm sorry there were problems before uh let me do this very quickly one more time this are the san juan island terrains that we talked about we decided this was alexander from asia this is cache creek from pacific these two guy possibly are more local but we're not sure there's a volcanic island story here okay great let's go to the reveal so there are some similarities and there are some differences i think the first takeaway again this is the western cascade foothills that i'm holding over here correct i think the first takeaway is that we have a similar look in general and because of that i chose the same colors now right up front i got to be clear most everybody especially ned brown who's done a lion's share of this research in the last 50 years most everybody agrees that the chilliwack river terrain is the same as the turtleback and therefore we use yellow for chilliwack river it's also alexander and you'll see that down below the basement rock of the chilliwack river terrain is the very famous yellow aster and that kept coming up remember the guy well we can give him a name i don't know roger roger says have you been to yellow aster what's the story i've never been there you haven't been to the yellow ash no i haven't knock it off so the yellow aster is notable for a number of reasons if you are a back country person and you've been there i still haven't been there but if you've been to you haven't been so you can maybe contribute right now some live comments about what makes the yellow aster area so unique to you maybe it's a plant community maybe it's the kind of the look of the rock maybe it's something else but this yellow aster thing has been studied quite a bit and i kept hearing about it because it was so unusual compared to everything around it well now we realize it is unusual compared to things around it because it's it's got this northern europe story that we talked about with the alexander terrain otherwise there's some similarities with the arc volcanics and the general agreement of the age range from oldest to youngest and even the basement of the turtleback has some correlations with this other stuff i'm going to make one other comment before we go much further before i forget about it i think it's fair to say that 30 years ago there was a lot of thinking god this stuff looks a lot like this stuff like separated by half a state or even three states away and the data 30 years ago i may be speaking out of turn here but the data 30 years ago was like you know what what kind of rock is it what basic fossils might we have what basic ages do we have but the dating techniques were not super precise 30 years ago assuming if i'm saying the wrong thing here but we have advanced with how to collect very careful geochemical and zircon information from many of these terrains and my main point is i think i have this correct we have more ways in the last 10 years to realize two different terrains really are the same thing they were given different names because we just didn't have quite the level of precision with the field data to make a convincing case that they really were twins or siblings but we now have it from ned brown's papers for instance and george garros and a bunch of others using techniques in the last 15 20 years jamie mcdonald will keep coming up in the next few weeks as well or at least few sessions okay let's continue the bell pass melange now look at that look at how unusual this is can you even see the bottom of it patrick i ran out of room again back patrick i ran out of room again look at the age range this is by far out of all the exotic terrains we've studied so far i think it's the record for span of time but you'll also notice that there's this really weird collection of blocks of other terrains that are within the bell pass now you do remember the melange word i think right melange is pretty much everything but the kitchen sink what's the phrase everything in the i don't know kitchen sink it's a it's an incredible variety of slices slivers blocks that are all swept up together and i've got a visual for you but the most famous of the exotic blocks that apparently is a monster block that i'm coloring a very dark purple is the twin sister's dunnite and you probably don't know the word doneite i didn't really stuff directly from the mantle and that will be a theme for this coming friday with chris mattinson all of these ultra mafic mantle rocks or subduction zone rocks that's a whole different story how can we tell the difference if we're looking at metamorphic rocks how do we know they're all kind of green rocks like how do we know the specific pressure temperature conditions etc so this dunnite this twin sisters dunnite is the star of the show within the bell pass but there's blocks of the yellow aster in the bell pass so this is not really two exotic terrain sitting side by side it's a bit more complicated so this is a difference in the san juans we didn't we really didn't have uh mixing of the terrains they were just kind of thrust on top of each other like those pizza boxes as i was telling you so this is some sort of cannibalization weird word for this and it's kind of this this stuff is being swept up from different places including neighboring terrains okay i'm i'm coloring this grello because there are some blocks that have tethy and fossils within them why is the breeze picking up at exactly the wrong time patrick turn off the wind just kidding so i'm not i'm certainly not saying everything is coming from asia so it's really almost cheating to call this cash creek but i am coloring in our cash creek grello color because there's at least some tethy and material within it so there's a question mark this is one of the major question marks what what is the story with this crazy bell pass melange nobody has a clear picture and yet it's consistent from outcrop to outcrop as this jumbled mess so you can map it as a mappable unit but there's problems really understanding what the bell pass melange is telling us speaking of problems so these two guys are up here together but i struggled with their colors we had our colors so obviously the ages match beautifully the constitution slash lopez and decatur over in the san juans and those are correlating generally with the eastern terrain and the nook sac terrain but that's as far as i want to go at parts i was up at 4 this morning by the way really five o'clock but the new four o'clock so i had a bunch of time before we started here this morning and i was starting to go you know i colored this stuff last night i'm like i don't know maybe i should have caught all this stuff one color like are the easton and nook sac related are were they created so anyway they've been mapped as separate terrains the eastern terrain and nook sack we'll stick with that daryl and marley have them listed that way most everybody does but again as we have these new techniques to get some new details new fingerprints within these blocks maybe we'll see more connections than we thought we had before you can see some notes that i wrote for myself the darrington fill light the shucks and schists green shift and blue schist gary's going to show us some beautiful photos i've got a few photos and we're going to meet ralph haggerud today by video and ralph uh did a substantial amount of work on the shucks in area and the shucks and thrust vault as you'll hear from him in the cozy fort and then this nook sack thing i don't really know what to do with it um let's go to the v the kind of mental images we want now this is me now coming up with kind of cartoonish images for these four uh but i'm i think there might be more of a story here especially if you go up to bc i think the harrison i shouldn't even have said it stop stop so what can we visualize now that we know that generally we know generally i need some rubber bands now generally there's agreement between these two areas i showed you the cartoon showing those thrust sheets continuing from one area to the next but what can we visualize if we don't have it in our heads yet for the four terrains as far as their original depositional picture even though we don't know exactly the location of the original picture i think we do have enough information based on the rocks and the relationship of the rocks within a terrain to come up with a a cartoon for ourselves we'll see if this works for you same color scheme i'm reminding you the chilliwack river today links beautifully with the turtleback from friday from europe this old basement crust is the stuff from europe remember we made the connection with the red sandstone coming from the famous james hutton area in scotland and there's some limestone in the ural mountains that has a correlation here so most not all most think that there is a eurasian origin for the basement but then as this stuff got rifted away from eurasia and made the long journey through the arctic and arriving offshore in the pacific there was volcanic activity a volcanic ark built on top of that basement rock and the coral reefs limestone are the line i'll pick this up from marley's book are the limestones that are being used for cement concrete washington firmly in the chilliwack river terrain okay look at this oddball here again i don't have a lot of detail for you because i'm just showing you kind of a generic jumbled mess like if this is truly on the scale of an ocean trench out in the water somewhere i think we were visualizing this as a submarine subduction complex for the cache creek let's say but as i was reading more and more of these papers i'll share the papers with you in a second i'm starting to wonder if some of this melange is more local i mean it's got we have to be near the we have to be near this guy to get blocks of this guy into that right so you can see how how this is a struggle the eastern terrain you're like oh is that like the town easton yeah yep that's next sunday but there's plenty of eastern terrain in western washington and today the eastern terrain is darrington philite and shucks and green schist and blue shifts you're like what's the difference that's chris on friday but it's important to note that if we go back to the proto-lift of what those rocks used to be when they were created originally it's a simple i think a simple deep ocean scene deep ocean sediment becomes the fill out when you heat it up and pressurize it the old ocean floor basalt becomes the green shift in the blue shift got one memorable photo from gary coming in a bit with his boot in it looking at some of this blue shift and finally very uh not very confident at all with the decatur uh correlation with the nook sack not sure about that that's probably just me saying that i'm not sure anybody even said it but i'm just wondering you know remember we were in san juan's we were wondering like is that fadalgo thing is that kenya is that quinnelia i mean we have talked about some some uh island arcs unclear but apparently a hallmark for the nook sack is a bunch of sands and even pebble conglomerates that indicate some turbidites some underwater landslides tumbling down the slopes underwater of one of these uh island arcs okay is this helpful this is almost helpful for last show as well as this show as far as i don't know if you had some of this in your head but i i i it was helpful for me to do that so now that i've shown you kind of a cartoonish connection cross-section-wise i don't know if i've shown you many maps yet have i using the same color scheme so the last thing we're doing in act one is asking ourselves why does this paper keep flipping on this chalkboard on this clipboard but also we're asking ourselves what is the map pattern like where can i find some of this stuff i've given you a couple of little clues but i've got more clues coming right now more than clues they're maps so i'm going i will use this a fair amount this is a very well done compilation it's called field guide 49 this is from the geological society of america annual meeting in seattle held in 2017. so if you watch some of the nick on the fly field episodes this summer i kept bringing this thing along and using it when i was banging on some rocks and i'll talk more about those they're all on my youtube channel from this summer but this is very current work and very helpful work to me and hopefully to you as well so let's go from that crazy wide scale on mapping mcmap let's go from this scale where we can barely see anything and let's zero in on this area that we're discussing today so we'll start with kind of so we're coming out of a hot we're lowering our hot air balloon we're looking down from heaven we're getting a little closer to the ground now so this is from jamie mcdonald's paper that looks like this jamie mcdonald and others can you read this in the shadows jamie is a geology professor in florida of all places and he comes out here this is his area of expertise at least one of them the central cascades and the north cascades so you should be able to find these papers or maybe somebody will link to some of these papers in the comments below but we have some hardcore people here and uh you can handle some of these papers now i think you probably could before this series all right so here's little nikki zettner with his colored pencils try to hold it still for you so of course we're looking both at the san juan islands from friday we're crossing interstate five which is the red line you can see a few towns that i put in for your convenience and now here's our friends i got i don't have enough hands so i can't keep going back to the clipboards i don't want to get freaking papers flying all over but i remind you that the green is the eastern terrain the light purple is the nook sack i'm not telling them in order by the way uh the grello if you can see a little bit of grello that's the what is it bell pass melange the dark purple actually jamie has it as black i'm going to use dark purple for the twin sisters dunnite and then the true yellow is the what drawing a blank what's the yellow of course the chilliwack river again we're seeing how abruptly this stops and i don't want to be distracted by that now but that will be our maiden our featured fault and we'll be looking on the other side of the fault next sunday morning let's zoom in a little bit more oh did you see my backyard on this so for the first time in this series we're actually looking at uh my town so you're like you really haven't been to these places like nope okay zoom in a little bit more kind of the same look but a little bit different now andrew uh david you're gonna use your clipboard fadalgo nook sack twin sisters doneite the dark purple i made this dark purple as well because these are ophelites or ultramafic or mantle rocks i don't even know the difference again that's chris on friday but this business about black or very dark color is is conventional for these ultramafic deep rocks orange are our thrush vaults the pizza boxes and then we're coming over here as well notice the white is mount baker with a bunch of glacial ice on it so it presides over this whole thing what else did i include oh yeah mount shuchsen will come up in a few stories later on in the cozy fort that's within the easton green shist the shucks and thrust which ralph will talk about briefly is the thrust vault that bounds the eastern terrain with the take your pick a bunch of that yellow stuff i looked up gary's peak that beautiful photo that he gave me as a gift was taken from i can't say it that and looking to the south east he said so you saw that gift he gave me those don't look like foothills to me you say i agree with you so it's maybe kind of weird to call this whole area the foothills because it's quite rugged relief once you get up in this country but we'll stick with it town of darington darrington phillip okay we're ignoring these melange belts further to the south let's zoom in one more i've got those colored pencils down to the nub bro so the reason to go this tight is to look at some detail and also to look at how complicated some of this cross-section material is the pizza boxes are pretty screwed up it's not the simple naps that we talked about in san juans so i don't want to go crazy on this but mount baker the active volcano all this white is glacial ice you can see the thrust faults the orange things much more clearly now and if you are a geology fan you know how to go from a map to a cross section so this is a side view i drew a couple stick people on to remind you that this in a a beautiful sun like we have right now so it's it's a trick for some mentally to go from looking down from heaven on the map and looking at the same area from the side so that you can see what the relationships look like underground and this line right here a to a prime that's the line that you send a metal plate down that trench pull the metal plate out and look at that geology underneath the ground so you can see how the yellow aster a portion of the bell past melange is kind of out there by itself kind of hanging out you can see how this is ned brown how he shows how complicated the blocks are within the bell pass and then here's this crazy block of mantle that somehow gets into this bell pass melange this thing is actually within the bell pass melange you getting the stuff you came for today did you have any idea what we were doing today me neither okay it's quarter to ten we're pretty much done with act 1 but that's ok because act 2 and act 3 are going to go quickly let's switch it up just a touch and show you some other sources that i've been able to use of course you might have this handy this is roadside geology of washington second edition daryl's not watching live today from the mojave but he's anxious to look he says and he'll he sent some he sent some comments after our last show as well so marley chose some slightly different colors but they call this the western domain i didn't want to call this show the western domain i didn't think that was specific enough but we're there's mount baker and they're kind of even green kind of ish for some of that material and then here's the look in your book on page 110 and 111 at the cross section showing pretty much what i did now notice these pizza boxes these thrust faults are well that's act two but i'll say it now uh they're kind of thrusting away from north america that's kind of a surprise isn't it these sheets show virgins or show movement from east to west if you recall our pizza boxes in san juan islands were going southeast to northwest so i'll comment on that and how to possibly make sense of that even though it's confusing okay so roadside especially when the goat when we get to the cozy fort today i want to give you a sense of how rugged this terrain is even though i'm calling it a foothill show and how all this precious information has been compiled painstakingly by some very rugged individuals and this is uh routes and rocks uh that ralph will talk about briefly by uh crowder and roland tabor and i just grabbed one photo that i thought was amazing here's crowder and tabor back in the 60s i guess maybe even the 50s look at that i mean this is like a rucksack and a big old sledgehammer and a bologna sandwich and and good luck so the fact that we've been able to come up with as much as we have from the field maps that have been compiled over the last 50 60 70 years is truly astonishing i have a question for you i don't know anything about bob and iris spring i keep seeing those photos and those credits of the i assume they were brothers is there a place i can go to to get all those bob and ira spring photos in one place occasionally i see some stuff from like central washington and yakima canyon and other things as well hey man i'm just going to continue with this before we go to the thrust fault thing uh have i showed you this book before geology geology bad mistake front front yard geology underfoot in western washington by dave tucker the precious few times that i have been up in the mount baker area it's been with dave and i've been on geology hikes with him just public hikes and i just signed up liz and i went up there a couple times but he has a uh has had i don't know if it's as active as it used to be but uh he has a wonderful blog northwest geology field trips is there another name for his site i kind of forget but if you google dave tucker northwest geology field trips i think you'll find his blog i'm sorry if there's another name and i can't remember it but i discovered burlington hill and a few other places just by reading his blogs he did many of these posts about 10 years ago and he put this book out which is kind of a bunch of vignettes from across the state of western washington so thanks to dave for all of his good work i don't think we need to spend a lot of time on this but we're back one more time to joanne and uh maurice no just joanne and the cannings uh with these wonderful maps who were talking about these when we were building much of the intermontane super terrain but i remind you that our yellow aster is coming as yellow what a crazy coincidence our yellow aster part of the chilliwack river terrain is yellow and coming from northern europe through the arctic and arriving here and i can't hold it i'm not going to find it but ned brown has yellow for he has correlations now between the yellow aster in the chilliwack river terrain the yukon tanana a terrain that we avoided because i thought it was too far north and wasn't going to pay off for us you remember this kind of brown slash gray or whatever this also has an arctic origin and apparently you can connect chilliwack river terrain according to ned's data with not only alexander but yukontana and if you're really into this series you remember that just casually i pointed out within quinnelia there was something called the okanagan area like geologic area with that i didn't color a certain way but apparently that's yellow as well detrital zircons other kinds of new techniques to tie those things together so amazing there i'm just going nuts with all these resources but i feel like it's important to show you where i'm getting some of these stories from we're going to meet ralph hagarroot in just a second in the cozy fort and he's a co-author of this geology of the north cascades which we will use quite a bit in the next few shows there's roland tabor again same guy from that routes and rocks book and here's ralph and ralph wrote an amazing piece pretty much updating everybody on what we knew about the north cascades in the mid-1990s before his career was switched to pleistocene geology so we'll use this a fair amount but from ralph and roland's book i just took the colored pencils and colored right in the book so here's our look that looks familiar doesn't it it kind of looks like our frozen pizza boxes are naps separated by thrust faults on the san juan islands but this is the western foothills there's our new friends from today and if you're thoroughly wide awake you can see that the pizza boxes are in different order here than they were on the san juans yeah isn't it true i'm just thinking of this right now isn't it true that in the san juans the last show didn't we have our two yellow guys in the bottom two and then green and then purple right so there's pretty four clear terrains here but they're in different order and you might go well that that's weird are we sure those pizza boxes can be correlated and i'm like well there's complications we've got some broad folding through the mount baker area that's one complication we did not have in the san juan islands and then how about this oh sure you want to put chilliwack river terrain on top of nook sack well that's fine but please be aware that we have good evidence in the mountains these guys say that that chilliwack river terrain was folded completely on its head so obviously there's there's lots to work out uh i think dwight is that his name dwight i think dwight crowder's wife i'm assuming or maybe daughter ann did a bunch of beautiful drawing and here she is drawing ralph in his younger days and we're going to visit with ralph in his backyard from just a couple months ago ralph hagerrood and this is more in line with a couple of photos that gary's going to share with us today but we've got our rugged world again i think this is ann crowder making these wonderful sketches and then roland and ralph putting some of our terrain material through the photo and then me taking my colored pencils and using our colors i might need some new colored pencils actually i've got plenty so there's there's complicated geometries is my point more so than in the san juan islands so even though we're kind of cartoonishly bringing the pizza boxes from west of i-5 to east of i-5 sometimes we kind of have to say not so fast to ourselves seems like i'm stalling i don't mean to but i'm just using all this stuff i have over here so we haven't looked at this time stick in a long time but here's the geologic history of planet earth broken into precambrian paleozoic mesozoic and cenozoic and going way back to early september when we started this exotic terrain series i tried to set the idea that we really were just talking about between 250 million years ago for bringing these terrains in not terrains being originated terrain the original rocks of these terrains goes all the way back to the late pre-cambrian remember but the gree the that's red the red uh marker here 250 god i'm distracted by the people walking by the house waving sorry this is still our time window and why not i'm on to the thrust vault thing do you remember the dates i'm not going to wait do you remember the dates from last time that kind of surprised me as far as the dates that daryl had with his students from the university of washington uh when those thrust vaults were active and stacking those terrains up in the san juan islands when did that begin and when did that end the answer is 100 to 84. that was very specific and very clear it was mentioned more than once that there's just 16 million years of action to stack the naps in the san juans if you stack the naps on these thrust vaults you're going to build high ground you're going to have uplift you're going to have metamorphic activity tied to that and eventual erosion of the top of that thrust stack contributing to the nanaimo group which we will discuss later on well here which is more ned brown's work than it is daryl's work you know both ned brown universe western washington university muffler boy both ned brown western washington and daryl university of washington have spent many many decades in these areas but they haven't really collaborated much on these papers so we kind of have two research groups as i understand it and there's plenty of agreement with main messages eventually in december we'll see one major difference between daryl's group and ned's group ned brown's group but another difference is just a little bit on the timing of these thrust faults ned has a wider range of ages as far as i could tell now maybe that paper's too old to be relevant anymore but instead of 100 to 84 that was daryl's thrusting ages ned starts earlier hang on patrick ned starts earlier not not by a lot but it it's crucial to me because i'm still trying to figure out how us plowing into the insular super terrain roughly 100 million years ago what can we say about the timing of this thrust faulting so ned wants from his work in the foothills 115 to 85. you're like okay so that's like 1 100 to 84 115 to 85 isn't that about the same well i don't know it's almost 20 million years more isn't it and again if we're using just one basic date for the accretion of insular which is rangalia and alexander adding on to west coast of north america if this starts as early as ned's group says it does then maybe we are stacking up some of these naps as we're getting closer to insular so to me that's a major part of this and i know it hasn't all been figured out but i'm especially with karen's work etc i'm trying to kind of take some of this field data and connect it with something more broad timing wise like that okay i kind of have spilled what i wanted to say about the thrust vaults but see if i have anything else in here it's top of the hour who knows how much battery i have left but it's not that cold oscar helped me realize that when it's cold the battery doesn't last as long so here's from daryl's 1988 publication with student mark brandon i meant to show you this last time and forgot here's our san juan island pizza boxes and if you didn't see the last show you don't know what i'm talking about with pizza boxes i used pizza boxes to show these four guys being stacked one on top of another and i was careful to say especially after emailing with daryl right before friday's show daryl said i don't think we have the sequence of this figured out like which of these pizza boxes arrived first second third and fourth and i'm like i think i said on friday it makes most sense to me that this one and then this one and then this one and then this one it's a four car pile up and each arrival of the next nap is just going to ride up the back of the one that was there before well according to ned's group mostly from the foothills he says he does have that timing worked out that these four really are brought in bam bam bam and bam but remember oh i don't think i can find it remember with our foothills i should find it it wasn't yellow yellow green purple right i gotta find it it wasn't what yellow yellow green purple will he be in the backyard will he be in the front yard again i wonder there's too much distraction for me maybe not for you but for me gosh sorry i can't find it easily i want to say though one thing as i've read more and more and got some help from andy and cleolam and daryl a little bit it's starting to look like most agree about the timing no most agree about the model for these naps i brought them out i might as well use them again a nap gets shoved up on maybe on uh yeah we're in the mount baker area bring a nap in bring the next nap in send it up to thrust fault earthquakes earthquakes remember ned says this is starting 115 million years ago and continues to happen until 84 85 or whatever here's what i want to say and then we'll get off of this both ned and daryl's groups are seeing in other words they agree that this stacking of the naps is not happening in washington it's happening someplace further south than washington this is really our first time to really seriously think about taking terrain material and sending it north which of course most famously is the baja bc concept but as i understand it ned is not a huge baja bc person in other words he doesn't want almost 2 000 miles of translation north but even ned sees the stuff has to be further south as you'll see why next sunday but what i'm trying to say is that this business of pizza boxes being crashed together and sent up on these thrust vaults is not happening in northern washington so it's a two-step process you get your your thrust sheets arranged like this definitely a compressional story but the second now you're looking at a map but the second thing is we're going to send these things north from somewhere and have them arrive in northern washington i'm still working on that idea but i think i can see how we can make it i can see it right now actually on how we can make that work a couple weeks from now how i can help you see that two-step process so more coming on the thrust sheets regionally at some point okay what's act three oh it's going to be very quick because uh here's where i fall asleep you look at current papers and i'm pretty good at looking at the pictures and the pictures are beautiful this is cordova's work from the easton metamorphic suite the eastern terrain so i'm not falling asleep now this is a bunch of beautiful photos i just thought it was important to show you some what these rocks actually look like in the field we're in the green terrain now in the foothills the eastern terrain and then again these guys can bring some of those rocks back to the lab they can make a thin section they can put the rock under a microscope and get what's called a photo micrograph this is not a new technique it's been happening for more than 50 years but all these detailed minerals can give you specific clues about the metamorphic history or the igneous history of rocks within the terrain so why am i falling asleep well half the time it's verbage that i don't understand oh here's i'll just show you here's back to jamie mcdonald 2015 i'm distracted now by a chainsaw hopefully you can't hear it as much as i can always just feels makes me feel better just to share what i'm distracted by so here's jamie something looks quite familiar i like this though because he's got a semi map of the mount baker area again this should look familiar to us now you can see the thrust faults now you can see how complicated they look on the map the black teeth are on both sides for instance but then again you can see that this is a bit more complicated in the foothills than it was down in the san juans now just a little sense of how much we've advanced at least in the way the papers are presented 1963 paper the first major study as i understand it of the twin sisters doneite by ragan let's look at what he published in 1963 well here's his map you don't have i'm not laughing at him i'm just saying that was it was a simpler time we presented this stuff with hand-drawn maps kind of like i do i'm a child of the 60s i guess but donald is having some of those dunnite rocks of the twin sisters sliced thin and put under a microscope and he's telling us about the mineralogy more twin sister papers people from around the world now coming to study this twin sisters ultra mafic massif the dunnite this gal virginia toy is from new zealand she's coming to study this rare thing now here's the part where i fall asleep because we're deep into the world of stuff i don't understand photos of the twin sisters dunnite is it kind of an orangish red there's a lot of iron photo micrographs of the twin cisterns dunnite as far as i can tell it's 20 20 is it not i still don't know the age of the twin sisters done i like knowing don't even have a guess please correct me if i'm wrong but i kept looking for a date somewhere and nobody says nobody's got it they'll tell you all you want about strain history and all sorts of detailed kinematics just think oh my god look at this like what am i looking at i have no idea uh polyphase domain near clinopyroxenite dike in the shear zone adjacent to the clinopyroxenite dike the olivine lpo in the fine-grained mixture of olivine clinopyroxene and the amphibole in the tail of a clinopyroxene peripheral clasts has an axial concentration of 0-1-0 obviously at zsz and weaker axial concentrations of one zero zero like a miller indices like i slept through that bob gates 1984 rest in peace you get the idea lots of exciting work but obviously major questions i just thought it was important to show you field photos and give you a sense of how significant some of these units are more than just a couple people in northern washington doing the work like they're you talk to people from all over the place other countries and they go oh yeah yeah yeah twin twin sisters done yeah i know about it in fact chris mattinson who will be with us next time is made sure we got some twin sisters dunnite to put outside of our new building chris is like what do you think it's pretty exciting huh i'm like yeah i guess i've heard of the twin sisters done i don't really get it he's like you haven't been to the trail all right i'll just show you one uh liz shermer up at western washington university has recently published a paper on the yellow aster complex remember the basement part of the chilliwack river uh again just yellow aster beautiful photographs all sorts of new analytical techniques besides just breaking the rocks open with the title zircons which i barely understand uh but confirming confirming her paper confirming that it is an arctic story with the yellow aster okay it's time to go into the cozy fort thank you for your patience cozy fort by steve we got more than 800 people that is comforting to see there are times when you're in the middle of this and you're like gee is this even working first of all like am i is the thing shut off or not secondly is anybody following is it then you watch the replay and you're like okay that worked out all right but i gotta say it's rare when you do a show when you do a live stream it's rare in the moment to feel like oh this this thing's this is this is working great i don't know it just always feels like a like kind of walking through molasses or something and then you you know liz just went hiking today up at ingles lake with a bunch of snow i think but whatever she's with some friends but if she's home and i get done with one of these she'll go how'd it go and i'm like i don't know maybe maybe good i can't tell so i always watch the replays i always look at all your comments in fact that was another comment from daryl who said enjoyed the show on the san juans and that means a lot coming from him because he's an expert and he said all your viewers were asking the same damn questions we've been asking ourselves for the last 50 years so it's you guys are on top of your game all right i got plenty of battery in the laptop who knows about the phone but we'll just assume that we're good and i've got a oh of course we have wireless problems on the laptop this is this is a blast i'm having a blast with this technology this morning god dang hang on okay is it working yes okay great so i'm this part where the old guy talks to himself i'm going to mute us i want to show you some photos this is not a long session in the cozy fort today but i just thought some more field photos would be helpful first of all a few from mine so using dave tucker's book i learned that burlington hill is right off of i-5 right north of downtown burlington washington thank you i can't plug in a power source to this camera because there's a receiver plugged into the camera so i appreciate your help last time and again right now about how i can get a backup supply but there's only one port on this phone and i have to put the receiver in to communicate with the wireless microphone okay so this is the easton metamorphic suite the shucks and green shift let me just show you some photos here just our first look at these beautiful green rocks i don't know i might call the next show green rocks that might be too embarrassing for chris but i'm thinking i might do it like most of these rocks that i'm curious about are oceanic rocks that have this green look and i ultimately want to learn from him how to tell the difference between ocean floor crust ocean floor crust that went down a subduction zone mantle material is this mantle we're looking at oh it's not it's ocean floral how do you tell the difference how does sir pentanite fit into this so chris will watch this replay and chris i'm telling you what i want to do on friday i think you kind of know that's my backup hammer by the way i still have that one looks like it's been out in the rain too much so you can literally hear the roar of i-5 from behind me as i'm taking this photo so it's just off of i-5 on a little road going up to a cul-de-sac and then gary you remember gary from early in this show with the beautiful gift gary has been sending me photos with these majestic yellow labels and i love them and so i contacted him a couple weeks ago and said hey if you got time would you mind sending me a few more of those especially if they are terrains that we're going to be talking about and chilliwack terrain there it is you can see how rugged the area is but there's our eastern terrain so yellow and then green right ignore the straight creek fault until next sunday please how about that we're in the eastern terrain blue shist green shift what's the difference chris will help us gary even labeled his boot nice job there gary so retired person hikes a lot and there's just i think it's important to get help from guys like gary to help us see that you know if you're watching this in france or something you're like okay i guess i'm learning about some exotic terrains but these places are just jaw dropping and of course intimidating if you're trying to get around shucks and green shifts in the foreground so thanks again gary can't thank you enough and there'll be more yellow label gary photos in the weeks to come uh i've got the volume cranked now and i'll get my lapel mic off i want to do three short clips from ralph haggarud who has spent 20 years plus in the north cascades one of the most revered field mappers that we have and i visited him in his backyard this summer just just uh late august and i wanted to interview him if you want to see the full interview it's on my youtube channel it's called nick on the fly episode 26 north cascade interview with ralph hagerow and you'll see other nick on the fly episodes most of them are exotic terrain themed and i'll be using a bunch of these in the next few weeks but here's three short parts of the interview that i thought might fit in nicely with our show here today ralph you say you wanted to look at rocks and so was that your master's work then doing a kind of a graduate student at western washington university with ned brown went to an area east of baker lake so south of non-shucks in the southeast mount baker and looked at the shucks and metamorphic suite and the shucks and thrust which i went camping i collected samples i looked at lots and lots of road cuts um and came back and and looked at thin sections and wrote a story so this is still the early 70s and can you give us early 80s i think of what was known regionally or locally with shucks and let's say in that era um plate tectonics is just starting to become acceptable yeah and ned had bought into plate tectonics um and ned had also had worked on rocks like the shucks and was very intrigued by them and was running a campaign of his own work and students work on the shucks and i was part of that um ned had not cleared this with peter mish and that was a source of some friction with peter but that didn't matter to me i wasn't at the university of washington you weren't at the time at the time um and so i was just happy to go look at pretty rocks out in the mountains and and didn't think a lot about it i was and then and still i'm interested in how the earth moves i mean the part of geology that most intrigues me is that the earth changes shape with time and as geologists we can see that and and so i consider myself fundamentally a structural geologist not a very good one but that's the part that intrigues me the most and and so i wanted to see how the shucks and thrust worked and i i learned nothing about that in my master's thesis but that was the goal i had going in was how do big thrust sheets work what are the mechanics like what do you see on the outcrop that lets you know how these work and um i think the shucks and thrust we still don't understand that very well ralph's a soft-spoken guy i can't crank the volume anymore but we'll try a couple more of these and again i think it's worth your time if you're interested in this topic to listen to that full interview it's like 45 minutes or something uh here's talking about his collaboration with roland tabor as i was mentioning earlier while putting together an amazing um well i'll let you describe this one ralph let's jump ahead just briefly to this 2009 map what was the was that kind of what it appears to be which is kind of like okay we've been at this a few decades kind of this is what we know and here's the map to show the entire north cascades in one big hunk yeah it's it's a summary of two careers much more roland's than mine but roland uh did his dissertation under peter mitch also in the north cascades and um started work i believe in the mid or late 70s mapping the north cascades 100 000 scale um initially for reactor safety concerns um because there was a lot of putting reactors in the columbia and we need to know what the earthquake hazard is which means we know you know the geology and also as sort of you know bedrock's important because we might find copper and gold in it so let's get a better sense of bedrock geology and he began a program of mapping the earth cascades at 100 000 scale so uh half inch to the mile this is roland faber and began in the wenatchee area with wenatchee quadrangle and proceeded to march through the eight quadrangles of the north cascades summarizing compiling previous geology and doing the field work and the dating the analyses tied all together and it's an amazing body of work because it's six plus quadrangles yes or actually probably seven and a half quadrangles all with the same set of eyes bringing it together and the north cascades are probably as complicated a piece of bedrock geologies any place on the planet and um say this is you know most of roland's career he worked other places also but it's where he spent the most of his time and much of mine and this was a synthesis in summary well let's so that's where we're headed do one more thank you talking about their publication and some nervousness by the mountaineers publishing people back in the early 1970s as you heard if we're trying to deal with what did you say something to nome nicaragua to gnome i like that i mean we can't be too far in the weeds or we're not going to get anywhere and so this kind of connection uh this sweet spot between the gory little details and something too broad that's not going to do justice let ralph talk so you got another famous roland uh publication also from the mountaineers oh sure and i don't know if i learned about this book in high school or as an undergraduate but this is this book is something i've aspired to ever since i knew about it and this is peter mitch's copy um it's a wonderful book i recommend to anybody who loves the north cascades um and this was written by dwight crowder and and roland and dwight was a colleague i think a little bit older than roland helped bring him bring roland into the survey and it's it's a it's not a geologic book it it's a go exploding it's a route book yeah for mountaineers um telling geology along the way well kind of like uh fred becky i mean that's a whole nother yeah okay and um what i understand from roland is he had um been collecting uh notes on this and was headed towards the second edition and um that i'm not sure when that would have been but uh probably earlier mid 70s and the mountaineers um publications committee was having self-doubt about publishing guidebooks because it brought to me to go into the mountains and um there was a decision made to not print a second edition of this and roland apparently lost friends over that and it was a painful experience and because of that there's no there are no directions in here no routes this book does not say go on this hike and see these things because of that because they experienced roland won't wouldn't publish a guidebook which i have some regrets about because if you if you connect the dots in here there are some delightful trips you can do they say go on this day hike and see these things um and see the mountains um and not to steer you too much but no there's a lot of these guys still with us and they have a lot to offer so i'm hoping to continue to learn from them directly uh as well as their published work through the years okay it's time for some q a i appreciate your patience let's go ahead and go to that we'll get out of the cozy fort and uh i'll try to answer some questions that you may have before we say goodbye to each other today it's turning out to be a delightful morning here hopefully it is where you are as well regardless of the weather okay i'm gonna pop the oh i'm frozen here why would that be uh popping the chat out like a boss going live and i'm looking for uppercase questions and we'll try to motor through a bunch of these i appreciate you all participating and being with us so regularly stephen is the reversal of the sequence a result of recumbent nap sequence as seen in the swiss alps back home with nick with anticlinal structure caused by the cascade plutons well couple things to say thank you stephen uh have you noticed that i've ignored any kind of magmas so far any sort of plutons big remember early on back in september we said a complication was all these magmas that were invading from below and chewing up or eating up a bunch of terrains so for simplicity to this point i've ignored plutons even if the plutons have come up during our thrusting time at some point probably sooner than later i'm going to need to start including the plutons because they help us with a bunch of this story in the case of your question stephen i think it is likely yes recumbent naps meaning that you've got a pizza box that then gets folded on its head you're basically i don't want to do it i want to but i don't want to take my frozen pizza box and and and fold it like warm taffy a few times you can get some very interesting and perplexing geometries that way charles what keeps the continents from being subducted in geology 101 land charles i teach that continental crust on average is 70 kilometers thick and it's made out of light weight minerals compared to ocean crust which has minerals that are heavier in specific gravity and also the ocean crust is far thinner so if you take continents which are thick and lightweight and collide them with ocean crust which is thin but heavy it's the ocean crust that's going to subduct every time lindsay why is the scale automatic scroll hang on lindsay why is the scale so fine in the north cascades could similar details be observed in british columbia excellent i had the same question that i emailed to everybody in my inner circle the last couple of days i haven't gotten a satisfying answer yet i kind of even kind of asked this out loud on friday i think why are these british columbia terrains so freaking big and why do we just have to get down to our hands and knees to look at some of these scraps down here i'm working on that question i don't know if i'll have anything satisfying by december but it does seem odd to me is this more of a question of just amount of work like peter mish and all these university of washington people going in there and kind of carving out their own name in the wilderness and you know creating all these terrain names is it just a question of how much work was done in the north cascades over the last 70 years and it just looks this way because it's been sliced and diced kind of by the mappers or is there just as lindsey says is there just as much complicated detail up here and i just haven't found those maps yet i don't know we'll leave it right there great question joe slick are the pizza boxes the same as rengelia and the others i don't think so joe but that's another good question i need to learn about depth and i don't know if we have the geophysical information that we need to get a sense of depth for certain terrains versus others i'm skipping ahead now but i've been reading eldridge moore's papers from the early 1970s and we may comment on him as soon as next friday and in there somewhere he says look i think people are talking about these terrains as much bigger things than they really are they're not that deep with his point they're a bunch of naps basically they're a bunch of pizza boxes and not i don't know refrigerators so i'm working on that one as well thank you pat what is the mechanism created creating the puget willamette lowlands my gut reaction pat is the the puget willamette lowlands are the result of pretty recent subduction of the juan de fuca plate and we have a subduction complex at the olympic peninsula which is a range we have a much bigger range the cascade range further inland and then we have this basin in between beyond that i don't have a good answer david has anyone determined how fast these chunks of terrain would have to travel to arrive in northwestern washington from europe or asia in the time when to expected these are all excellent questions yes that's been a concern and if you're a critic of the uh coming through the arctic story then you basically say as a scientist there's no way there's not enough time they can't move that fast what are you going to water ski behind these things and in liz's paper and joanne's paper and other papers where they are bringing through the arctic they have crunched the numbers on that and they compare it quite often to the caribbean plate and how quickly things are moving on the caribbean plate and that's also kind of a narrow ocean shoot essentially between continents so according to the arctic people's papers those rates of movement are within reason for what we observe on the planet today a few more elaine is the change in the location of the naps due to thrusting under don't know that elaine i'm just sharing and i'm still it's kind of half baked in my head but i keep reading that this two-step process of creating the thrust sheets to begin with somewhere and then moving them moving all the pizza boxes as a unit north is a thing but you're wondering about the change of locations due to thrusting under it's a challenge for us to document that this two-step process is real and then it's an even harder question to reconstruct which plate was moving what direction to create the thrusting that you're thinking about zig let's wait on the baja bc it doesn't start till 85 million years ago too young for our stuff so far here uh joe i already answered one of your questions joe jeff from vinman's bakery you've got to love it are the western cascades part of your focus next summer or just north jeff's remembering that i'm the whole reason i'm doing this exotic terrain series is to teach my stuff this stuff for the first time seriously because i'm involved with a group of scientists starting next summer who are going to be doing work in the north cascades uh jeff so i don't think they're going to be in the western foothills at all but i don't really know just to be safe i want i want to learn kind of the i've been saying north cascades but i really i want to learn this whole thing and potential correlations from alaska to mexico and then i want to focus a little bit more specifically on their areas all i know so far is they're going to be spending a lot of time uh this is mike eddie stacia gordon and bob miller uh for the next few summers they're going to be i know for sure on highway 20 over washington and rainey pass but i assume it's much more broad than that a couple more and we're done rick could the naps have come in at the same time i guess so although uh you know all four pizza boxes coming in together and then just kind of doing a little bit of thrusting at the end uh i'm not going to be able to find it but ned brown talks about his local field data to say well the chilliwack definitely thrust first and then i can't think of the data that he has or the reasoning that he has but he was he according to him he has evidence that there's specific time windows for each or the boxes didn't all come in together but i guess it's possible without knowing much more than that we'll finish with this papagino would we find more of these terrains under the german chocolate cake absolutely yes so if you look at a place like the san juan islands it's mostly exotic terrains at the surface and that's a glimpse direct glimpse a direct observation you can vacation you can work you can hook you can anchor your sailboat right on one of these pieces of the fruitcake but i remind most of you if you were not with us in september or remind you if you've forgotten we're not going to color this entire thing by december we're not and the most famous place that we're never going to put any colors is right here in southern washington and northern oregon we know nothing and i mean nothing about the exotic terrains that are beneath that part of the pacific northwest and unfortunately that's right here it's right i'm looking south right now from here down to bend oregon we don't know anything about the fruitcake that is beneath the enormous pile of flood basalts that's just bad luck and i don't think we'll ever learn anything about that the closest we got was drilling for oil and natural gas and getting bottoming out in some rock that's below the german chocolate cake muffler boy but even that was not obvious terrain material same thing for other white areas we're not going to color them there's too much stuff burying the terrains but there is especially up in british columbia enough area to see the terrains without a problem and then we make hay while the sun shines as we used to say back on the farm a toast to you here's to my patience as i continue to try to deal with what i thought was a solved issue with the technology involving wireless and data coverage here in ellensburg washington here's to me what here's to you and your health your mental health and your physical health in the coming weeks shall we say here's to all the community that we have a virtual community an actual community like chainsaw boys part of my community i love him from the bottom of my heart even though he annoys the hell out of me right now sorry patrick here's to you chainsaw boy chipper shredder boy and you want to do one you come up with this last toast here here sun height thank you so much for joining us this morning the next time i see you will be friday this coming friday at 2 p.m pacific time my neighbor chris mattinson will be with me and we'll have a whole session devoted to complicated metamorphic and igneous rocks most of them green colored involving these exotic terrains we'll look for you then thanks for watching i love you and goodbye coming in hot index finger white x how much did this cost data goodbye

Channel: Nick Zentner

Views: 13,776

Rating: 4.9615912 out of 5

Keywords: Nick From Home, Nick Zentner, Shuksan, Easton Metamorphic Suite, Darrington Phyllite, Twin Sisters Dunite, Yellow Aster Complex

Id: dg8x4lh02PM

Length: 110min 58sec (6658 seconds)

Published: Sun Nov 01 2020