Ouch! Karim! Thank God you're okay, Karim! Good morning, hero! well recovery. - Ouch.
- As you see, we installed the chip for him. It has all the required information. Doctor, what should I do with it? Where is he talking from? What is he saying, doctor? Sorry, but you will find it
installed in the factory settings. I will do a simple update
and it will be fine. They boy better not have malfunctioned! Here you go, he is connected
to your phone and the Internet. You can ask him about
anything in the world. Ok, nice. Karim, dear... What is the name of
the doctor who treats you? This?! Dr. Ashraf Adel Nazih. 3 embezzlement cases in the health unit, Chaplanga village, center of... All good! excellent! great! I wanted to check on the parsing, and
thank God the sentences are well parsed. Congratulations, Hajj. Regardless, Doctor, I understand from this
that he will succeed in high school? High School?! Possibility. But he's a little weak in prose! Stay with us doc, we need you. Don't worry, break him and cast him,
you're the doctor! Doctor, I have a question. Can Karim broadcast
the Holy Quran Radio? Or do we need to install an aerial? This is a nice question.
I wanted to ask about this feature. If we installed Aerial on him,
would his broadcasting be better? Supposedly. May I ask your permission
for another question? He's connected to his father's phone, If I asked him for a number
to call, would he do it? Of course, Madam Dina. Karim, he called Dad's wife. Which one? Summer? Hoda? Aya? Or Hanin? Karim! - Dina!
- Call an ambulance. Did I say something wrong? That's not right, my
love! Oh... our son is here! - I won't tell you, don't...
- It's not right! in her house. Hey Mom! Someone talk to the white army! Madam left?! Hello my friend viewers, Welcome to a new episode of the ElDaheeh. Remember, my friend, the famous sentence that new oil in the
world going to be data? And we are entering into fourth generation
wars, and all these cliché sentences? This has become a reality! "Abo Hmeed, I smell bankruptcy
and the collapse of Nokia. The collapse of Kodak and the
closure of Sinbad City and its causes." Wait, you hasty! I haven't
gone bankrupt yet. Let me tell you, my friend,
that with today's statistics, China, the world's factory, The world's largest exporter
of products worth $3 trillion, The largest producer of products
in the world, worth $5 trillion, 70% of the world’s mobile phones, and
100% of the "Akher El-Anqoud" products. This country, in numbers, imports chips. more than it imports more oil. We are in this reality, my friend. In 2020, China imported oil
to operate all of its factories. which are almost the factories of
the world that manufactures in China, And also for one billion
and 400 million people in it, with 260 billion dollars. Do you know how much chips have
been imported? With 350 billion dollars. my friend, this is a huge number! These chips you are talking about,
my friend, are made from transistors. These transistors are,
quite simply, electrical gates. These portals use the
language known as Binary. that makes us able to use computers to
store information and analyze information. This, my friend, is the most important
invention in contemporary history, If not the most important
invention in human history. These transistors record
information and also analyze it. The more the chips that carry these
transistors improve and develop. the more we have greater computing
power and amazing artificial intelligence. Let me tell you, my friend,
that in the age of data, Artificial intelligence is
much more important than oil. Minor chips, which could be
as small as a nail, has billions of transistors, Billions, my friend!
Too small but has billions in it! Most of the cost of our mobile
phones goes to these chips. The iPhone has approximately 12 chips. They include chips for sound, camera,
Bluetooth, Connection, Wi-Fi, and battery. Let me tell you, my friend, that
Apple's marketing value is $3 trillion. This is the largest company in the
world in terms of marketing value. Apple, my friend, has sold
more than 2.5 billion iPhones. "Oh, Abo Hmeed! They
have a lot of chips!" But let me surprise you and tell
you something you don't expect. - "Say it, Abo Hmeed"
- Yes, my friend, be patient! Apple, the largest company in
the world, does not make any chips. "Abo Hmeed, your information
is not updated by the way! Apple designs the processor
that runs its operating system, iOS." Smart, my friend, brilliant, excellent! True, my friend, Apple
designs this processor. But It's not the one doing it. Meaning, my friend, it's the
biggest company in the world cannot make the processor that operates the
best phone in the world, the iPhone. Not only that, this or any other company, Nor can any company in the
largest economy in the world do this. Neither in America, nor
in China, nor in Japan. Not in the Middle East, not
in Africa, not in all of Europe. 92% of the production of advanced chips found in iPhones or F55 planes, There is only one place
in the world that can do it. One company in one building in the
most expensive factory in the world, And in the most tense place
in this galaxy, Taiwan Island, A company called TSMC. Do you remember, my friend, in 2020, there
was a known virus called the COVID19? This COVID19 is 100
nanometers in diameter. At TSMC, transistors are produced that
are half the size of the COVID19. Today, we have a company
with very normal workers. not only do they make
transistors smaller than a virus, It does them with unparalleled efficiency. The A14 processor chip in the
iPhone 12 contains 11 billion transistors. This, my friend, is in just one
iPhone, the "iPhone 12"! my friend, I feel that you
feel that this is normal. Let me tell you, my friend,
only 60 years ago, the best chip had four transistors on it. We jumped from 4 to 11 billion. Dear, you have been following this program for
a long time, so you surely know Moore's Law. That is, we, as humans, can
double the number of Transistors. The idea remains that Moore's
Law, when Mr. Moore came out with it, It was expected that
it would last 10 years. But Moore made a mistake, and the
law lasted more than half a century. What happened, my friend, in this
field that made it develop so quickly, is worth it for you to hear it. This, my friend, is the finest
achievement of humanity, that only 10 companies in the world
are responsible for today. Today, a company like TSMC
produces 53% of the world's chips. It also produces 92%
of the advanced chips. 44% of RAMs are made by two
companies in South Korea only. Only one company, my friend, is responsible for 100% of the production
of devices that use modern chips. Do you see, my friend,
what am I talking about? An organization made up of 13 countries
that controls only 40% of the world's oil. You have companies here, not states, that
control more than that of world chips. What I want to tell you, my friend, is that
the view is that data is the new oil. Not only has it become a proven fact, but a truth worn out by time
to the point that it has become a cliché! In 1947, the transistor was invented. Which may be the most
important invention in history. This discovery enabled 3 scientists
to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. When you get the Nobel
Prize, my friend, you get money, But you don't have to stay rich. That's why, my friend, William Shockley,
one of the three who won states, He used to say to his
friends -and for real actually- that he doesn't want his name to
remain in the Physical Review. "I also want to stay at
the Wall Street Journal. I will not go to Carrefour and hold the
cashier accountable with scientific glory! I want to be able to afford whatever." "Abo Hmeed, the physicist who won the
Nobel Prize in Physics, wants a fortune?!" Unfortunately, my friend, the Nobel
Prize says that you are a genius. But doesn't talk much about
your morals and ability to manage. The truth, my friend, is that Shockley
was a genius, but a failed manager. He had 8 of his important
employees resign in 1957. They established another
company called "Fairchild". Why am I telling this story? Because they created
the "Silicon Valley" as we know today, The 8 including
Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, who will make Intel. And Eugene Kleiner, who owns one
of the largest VC firms in the world, These, my friend, are the
companies that invest in start-ups. The important thing is, before
these 8 do anything, they created Fairchild. They succeeded in creating
what is called an Integrated Circuit or what is known today as chips. It's a piece of semi-conductor,
a silicon, with a transistor on it. "That's good, Abo Hmeed. smart!" Indeed, my friend, they
are both smart and creatives. But there know nothing in business! At this time, "Who will
buy what we are making?!" The truth, my friend, is
that they won't look around much. Because if they had looked into the sky,
3 days after the company was founded, they would have found the answer.
The first satellite in history, "Sputnik". Sputnik, my friend, rotates around the
Earth at a speed of 18,000 miles per hour. Who is the one who sent it out? America's arch enemy, the Soviet Union. Not only that, in the next 4 years, the
Soviet Union sent out Yuri Gagarin. The first human in outer space. Of course, when the Americans
heard this, they went crazy! They said, "Oh, our shame! What a scandal
we have before the Security Council!" "How embarrassing we look in front
of the United Kingdom, and the French Republic, the German Democracy,
and the People's Republic of China!" Thus, we, as America, lost a very important
point in our war with the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union has a scientific
advantage over us in the Cold War!" When the Americans felt that they were
in danger and lagging behind the Soviets, US President Kennedy comes out announcing that the US
will put the first man on the moon. And here, my friend, Fairchild
meets its most important client, United States of America, and the chip will ride the
missile, fly high! The truth, my friend, is that
this deal had two importance: The first thing is that it transformed the
company from a startup with sales of $500,000 to a giant organization with more than 1,000
employees, its sales exceed $21 million. Secondly, the company gained fame for
a crucial event in human history. Man landing on the moon! This will make it possible for him to
remain trustworthy and have money for the company to not only focus
on military research and services, but to focus on
selling its products to people, for the public, not
just for the government. To the point that one by one, they began
to refuse contracts from the US army. Again, at some point, 95% of the chips they
produced went to the army. This, my friend, was a very
reckless decision at the time! But, with time, wisdom
began to emerge behind him. When computers started to
spread, this was a great bet. Because what will make this
technology exist and spread, and distinguished by its ability
to produce with great efficiency, is betting on the
consumer and the market, as one of the greatest bets for
transistors and chip companies. Because what will make this technology
distinct and produced with great efficiency, is your arch enemy, my friend. "Israa, Abo Hmeed?! Did she tell you?!" Capitalism, my friend! Capitalism, my friend, has a
great contribution to the transistor. How will we know this? We will know
when we see what communism says. Honestly, my friend, the Soviet
Union always fascinates me. I think if its scientific staff
was better managed, the world would have been
a completely different place. Not necessarily for the
better, because this is a naive view. That when things start
better, things go better, we said it before
and knew it was wrong. But of course, it would
have been a different place. Alexander Shokin, Chairman of the
Soviet Committee for Retro Electronics, was convincing Nikita Khrushchev "Imagine, Nikita, that one day we could make
a television the size of a cigarette pack!" - "Abo Hmeed, isn’t this the mobile?"
- Yes, my friend, that's why I'm telling you. The Soviets had a vision for things
that we did not know how to imagine. The Soviets also had a
vision of Silicon Valley, before Silicon Valley was created! Which was later given this name, in 1971. Indeed, my friend, two KGB spies, convinced Khrushchev that
he needed to build an entire city. for semiconductors. Indeed, they worked on
this area in Zelenograd. A city designed to be
a scientific paradise. There is no dispute that the Soviets
were stealing from the Americans. just like how they stole the
design of the nuclear bomb. But there is no doubt that they
had very important scholars. In 2000, the Nobel Prize went to two. The first one is Jack
Kilby of Texas Instruments who had an important role in making the
chip that had more than one transistor. Because this was a great
scientific achievement. There was also a Russian scientist
with him, named Zhores Alferov, who already had contributions
to the chips industry. And again, these people
sent out the first human to space. They're cool people,
they aren't waiting for your like. But the leaders insisting to
send spies to steal the chips without a systematic search process, while of course there was no
capitalist companies that wants to earn, make products and sell, If they found you out of money, they'll convinces you
to get money to buy more. You will buy anyway! All of this helps in
developing the industry. Capitalism allowed Americans to
produce many chips and improve them. Many chips were made and
got involved in more fields. Chips are no longer
found only in weapons, and in the spaceships that countries use, chips, after Japan
entered this industry, started getting involved in everything. John Bardeen, my friend, is one
of the very few people in the world, who won two Nobel Prizes in science. One of these prizes was taken
with Shockley, on the transistor, He said about it... "I have never seen so
many camera flashes!" Where is this, my friend? in Japan When Bardeen went too Japan, he knew he
was a star and journalists flocked to him. "What's the problem, Abo Hmeed?
let the man make a living!" "Planet Japan is known
for its love of electronics." It's known that a 7 year old kid there can
repair the air conditioning remote!" my friend, that's today, but at that time, you had a country
devastated by second world war, and took two nuclear bombs. The
people there are poor, they cannot eat. After the war, there was a realization
from the US occupation office in Japan that a strong Japan is more
important than a weak Japan! "So Abo Hmeed, after
all the battles and this struggle, Do you want Japan to be
strong too? Maybe it'll strike them!" When the US came to think, they found that they needed a
strong ally in this region of the world. Especially, if as communism in
this region around on every side, Look here, you find a communist China. Look here, you will find a
communist Soviet Union! The important thing is that
scientific research reaches Japan. It is read by a young
man named Akio Morita. He feels that Bardeen's research
in the field of transistors is great. He founded a small company,
which you may know as "Sony." "Sony, Abo Hmeed, I knew
it, it was the PlayStation!" When it appears, you know
that the record is playing!" Dear, please, don't
embarrass me with Morita! Sony, at this time, was making
two very successful products, the first one is the Tape Recorder, It also made a transistor radio. The gift the Japanese Prime Minister gave
to the French President, Charles de Gaulle, in 1962, as the pride of Japanese industry. The truth, my friend, is that at this
moment, the Japanese do not make chips. They don't make these chips. They took them from US companies
that have produced a lot and want to sell. They use it then they make electronic
products that rely on these chips. Not only at a cheaper price,
but also with higher efficiency. This is because at that time,
labor was cheap in Japan. We see many inventions coming out of Japan.
We see something like the Calculator, done by the Sharp Company
and it's a hit in the world. The electronics market in
Japan grew in 20 years from $600 million to $60 billion. The truth is with time, Asia played
an important role, because it is cheaper. In Hong Kong, a worker's hour is 25 cents, which is 10 times less
than the US worker, In Taiwan, 19 cents, In Malaysia, 15 cents, In Singapore, 11 cents, In South Korea, and we will
need it after a while, it is 10 cents. American companies suddenly found
that it was cheaper to produce in Asia. The American consumer found
that it was cheaper to buy from Asia. America has already helped
Japan to remain strong. but didn't calculate the consequences. Unfortunately, whoever summons
Jin must know how to expel it! Japan was a vile demon,
difficult to dismiss and get rid of! Not only do they make products
that are cheaper than others, they make it with higher
quality, and people want it. I don't know, my friend,
how old are you now? But before there were
mobile phones and iPods, There was an invention called the Walkman. A small, perforated cassette with a
headphone as big as your problems and battery operated. It played you
musical voice so far away... It's like a song! But you could listen to whatever
music you wanted, alone, in the street. "Woah! Seriously, Abo Hmeed?!" Whoever made this Walkman
was not an American company. The one who made this Walkman
was a Japanese company called Sony. It was made in 1979, and more
than 385 million Walkmans were sold. 3 of them, my friend, were bought by a
child in Saudi Arabia. I know them well! Here, my friend, American companies
began to feel threatened, It began to fear, It began filing
lawsuits against Japanese companies, The FBI catches people stealing
information for Japanese companies. Companies such as Hitachi and Mitsubishi. As some American companies
say is happening in China now! Something else drove
the American companies crazy, was that the Japanese government
was supporting this industry. Besides, their labor is not only cheap, but also advances from banks are also cheap. Take care, my friend, we
are talking about the 1980s. In America, the interest rate reached 21%. Normally, this number
should remain 2, 3, 4%. But 21 is a big number. In Japan, the culture was different. The people was very angry, Banks were full of money
and wanted to get it out in any way. Bank interest was few. Therefore, companies said, "Well why ,
don't we borrow, loans are cheap! even if we lose." The banks will lend even
though they are losing. Because there is a lot of money
in the bank, we want to get it out. Companies were doing this in the hope
that they would bankrupt their competitors as long as it sells at cheaper prices. The availability of cheap
money with little interest, let the Japanese spend 60% more on
scientific research than US companies. Here, my friend, we begin to see
a very dangerous transformation. Intel, one of the pioneers
in the chip industry, The company that made the
DRam, which is the chip of memory, At that time, its share in this market
decreased from 83% to 1.5%. Japanese companies are beginning to
outperform the industry's pioneer, Intel. The Japanese made better chips
and more economically than the US. Here, Japan begins to take the place of
the US in the manufacture of chips. who was at first only
imported from America. Therefore, the devices
remained with the Japanese, And the chips that make
the devices are with the Japanese. And here, a strange thing happens in the
bastion of capitalism and free market, US. Remember, my friend,
in the October 1973 war, when the Gulf countries
cut off oil from the West? Here, US said "Oh wow Trade is
sweet, and capitalism is good and all... But if we rely on other countries, These other countries could leave
us stranded any time! Just like the Gulf countries did
this, they told them, "There is no oil!" This is almost the same thing
that happened with the Japanese. The Japanese from 1986, preceded America in
the number of chips produced. In the late 1980s, The Japanese started making 70% of
the lithography equipment in the world, This is the equipment that engraves on
the transistors on the silicon surface. This is a technology invented by
Americans in an American military laboratory. Japanese 70%, and America only 21%! Here, the situation
can no longer be ignored. And American capitalist
companies in Silicon Valley, will go to the government
in Washington and tell them, "Please, intervene! Per
Favor, intervene!" Ever heard, my friend, about Lee Byung-chul? "I don’t know him, Abo Hmeed. It is
clear that he is not an important person!" my friend, this man is
present in almost all homes. This, you ignorant person, is the
founder of the Korean company Samsung. "Okay, Abo Hmeed, I didn’t
know if he was your friend!" Of course, my friend, I
don't need to tell you The South Korea of the past
is not the South Korea of today. "Abo Hmeed, this is a generic
sentence that can be said about anything!" Elissa of the past
is not like Elissa of now. My ears was in the past
are not like my ears is now! What was there in the past like now?! What looks like you in Memories?! Enough, my friend, you don't
have to be so hard on me. "You were cruel to me,
because I did not know the man!" I'm sorry! Anyway... Korea in the past was a poor country,
still coming out of a civil war in the 1950s. A civil war in which there is a
proxy war between two giant entities. Their names are United States
of America and Soviet Union. Per capita income in 1960
was approximately $80 per year. Lee Byung Choi, this man,
with the help of the government, will put South Korea on the map of the
most important product known to humanity. Lee succeeded in convincing a country whose
important exports are agricultural products to invest $400 million. The eyes of the Americans, retaliating
against the Japanese, will go to Korea. In Korea, labor is cheaper than
Japan. Also, they have investments. This makes the Americans think, "Guys, as
long as the cost of production is better, Let us, as advanced Americans,
sit in the air conditioning, focused on our research
and theoretical designs, and let others goes to the factory
and be one who manufactures. We are no longer up for exhaustion,
factory noise, and machine grease. This, my friend, is a very
important turning point, With time, Korea will
begin to develop more. The competition between it and Japan
will be fierce. I don't want to spoil to you, but with
time, only two Korean companies, which are Samsung and SK Hynix, those, with time, today,
will dominate the memory chip industry. Here, the US applies the famous saying,
"The enemy of my enemy is my friend." America and Taiwan have entered
into agreements from 1955, allies. But, my friend, as you know, America
was a bit shaken in the Vietnam War. Look, my friend, Hollywood
actors were marooned in Vietnam! Of course, as a Taiwanese country, You have a very strong ally,
called the United States of America was shaken, it's normal to worry. When your ally of advanced
weapons, economic power, and chips, gets riled up and shaken
by some Vietnamese, The Viet Cong group, "What will it do with
my enemy, China?!" Also, America's withdrawal from
Vietnam greatly frightened the Taiwanese! They started to realize that, "Guys, we
have to remain very important to America." Especially, America also
cut off aid to its Asian allies. The most important thing is,
Communist China, which is next to us, claims that we as
Taiwanese are a part of it! and it just ran a nuclear test in 1964! O protector, O Lord! Taiwan
will be lost from the Taiwanese! Here, Taiwan realized that it must
be of utmost importance to America to get this protection. One of the important ministers in Taiwan, spoke to one of the semiconductor
industry's brightest minds, Morris Chang, to tell him, "O dude, we need you!" Take my body, my heart, and all
the government support you want. But please, let us be
important in the chip industry!" The truth, my friend, is that Morris
Chang comes up with a genius idea, He tried it with Texas
Instruments in America before. But no one took him seriously, Including the "Golden
Moore" of Moore's Law, When he said, "You, my
son, have many good ideas." But this idea of yours
is not one of them." I don't want to spoil, but it's one of
the greatest ideas of the past century! "Abo Hmeed, sorry, can
you tell me about the idea? If you don't mind it" Sure, my friend, I will tell you,
I created your character as a support to I say what I want to say. "Can we, Abo Hmeed, stay in context
and find out what Maurice Chang did?" Yes, my friend. This idea is the same
as Gutenberg's in 1440. "Thank you, I made this
clear for me! Excellent! Great!" Let me, my friend, explain to you
the idea of Morris Chang simply, Imagine, my friend, you have a
writer whose craft and skill is writing. But publishes a novel every year. It is not possible, my friend,
from the revenues of his novels to get a big printing
machine to print one novel a year. No matter how many
copies he sells, he will lose. Here, the need for a
publishing house appears, a place that specializes
in printing and excels at it. and contracts with more than one writer. If each one of them writes a novel a
year, it can benefit from many novels. and spend on a large,
expensive printing machine. Here, the publisher is a benefited,
and the author is a benefited. Each of the two parties was
preoccupied with what he was very good at. The writer, through his
writing, writing, and ideas, The publishing house has
the equipment, place, and labor. This is an idea known in the world
of economics as the Economies of Scale. Sometimes, my friend,
producing 100,000 pencils, will save you a lot from
producing only 100 pencils. This is the genius idea
that Morris realized. This is what Morris Chang, in cooperation
with the Taiwanese government, wants to do. In this case, there are companies that will
only work with the design of the chips. Just The Design, such as Apple and Nvidia, They make different
designs for different needs. The one who implements
these designs is one company. Morris Chang, which is
known today as TSMC, The second largest company
in Asia, after Saudi Aramco. Of course, this was a genius suggestion! The Taiwanese government was very happy with
the idea and financed 48% of the project. Taiwanese businessmen will be
asked to invest in the company. They would receive
funding worth $58 million and technology consulting from
Philips in exchange for a 27% stake. Keep Philips and its share in your mind, Ctrl B, Ctrl U, Highlight Anyway this company,
TSMC, will make a historic achievement. Because simply, it will
be able to work with anyone. Because it is not a competitor to anyone. When Intel tried to do the same model, to be publishing house,
or Chips production company, it didn't get many customers. Why? Because Intel competes
with them in designing chips, I will not go to a company that
competes with me in design. And tell her, "Please
make me or manufacture my chips!" How will I trust them to make my chips And the two of us go to the market in front
of each other? They could poison it!" That's why, for example,
a company like AMD, which had a production arm, which
they called FABs, its boss was saying, "The real men are the ones who
have the labs that make their chips." had to sell its production
division, its FABs, to Mubadala Company, one of the
investment arms in the Emirates, that manages a fortune worth $360 billion, headed by Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed,
the president of the Emirates, personally. Its CEO is Khaldoun Al-Mubarak. This, my friend, is managed by Guardiola
and Haaland, the brain and the muscles! Anyway, they took these FABs and made them
to a new company called GlobalFoundries. The American stock market went down. The emergence of these companies, let me
call them "production" or "printing" companies. the most correct form is Manufacturing. had the chips' efficiency not depend on
their small size, but on their design. There are companies
that only specialize in design. Like Qualcomm, which,
according to Dr. Chris Miller, "There is no mobile phone in the
world that can work without its SIM card." This company designs its
chips, but does not make them. TSMC is the one who does it. Nvidia, whose value
exceeds one trillion dollars, that its chips started as an
important need for graphics, and today has become
important for artificial intelligence doesn't make most of its chips. TSMC is the one who does it. If it were not for TSMC, my friend,
many companies would not exist today. Because any company would
need billions to operate its FABs, that will make its chips, "Why should I spend all this,
when I'm still just getting started?" Dear viewer, let
me take you to the nineties, where the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, and the US is elegant, happy, and
confident, and it won the Cold War. Let me tell you, my friend,
that some sources say, One of the Soviet Union's FABs, which are the productive
arms that we talked about, started making chips for the
toys in McDonald's Happy Meal. See, my friend, the irony of fate! Soviet Union's technology is provided
for the production of children's toys in an American sandwich company. A production line created for a
national purpose and a lofty goal with the arms and best
scientists of the Soviet Union, was under the command
of an American restaurant chain, and after we were manufacturing
complex technologies, we make dinosaurs
and rabbits at the Happy Meal! Also, my friend, in the nineties, not
only was the Soviet Union collapsing, Japan, which began to remain
an enemy state, as we said, entered a giant economic crisis, The crisis that caused Japan's economy
to enter what is called Lost Decades. "Lost Decades." Directed by Mohammed Khan! Let me tell you, my friend,
that from 1991 to 2003, the Japanese economy, which was
working so well, as it produces and exports, produces
and exports, produces and exports, had a growth of only 1%, This is not a growth rate per year,
but in all 10 years, only 1%. My diet is more successful than this! Do you remember, my friend,
loans with low interest? that flourished Japan
at the beginning of the episode? It exploded in the face of the
country, and prices collapsed! "Hey, Abo Hmeed! Does
that mean America is okay?" my friend, it is not the
time for America now! I want you to worry about the
largest chip maker in America, Intel. Because the situation
there is not at all reassuring! I'll go out quickly,
and come back quickly. In 2006, Paul Ottolini, director of Intel,
appears on stage in a theatrical move. He enters like this, my friend, and
there is still smoke coming out and Wow, like the Undertaker! Paul steps on stage to meet Steve Jobs and
an important cooperation begins. This, my friend, is a Steve Jobs theater. And one of Intel's coups, Apple, my friend, has
finally yielded to Intel! Apple was almost the only big company that do not use Intel's
architecture called X86, But, my friend, at that time, everything
changed, and it started using Intel. Steve Jobs, my friend, will not only
agree to work with Intel on computers, He will also suggest to Intel that it
make chips for an idea he was thinking of. to make a phone with a computer inside it. The television that is the size of a pack of
cigarettes, which the Soviets talked about. Intel, my friend, will not accept what
Jobs offered to pay, they will refuse. Imagine refusing to make Chips for
the most successful product in human history! The Most Profitable
Product Ever, the iPhone! At that time, Apple will go to a very
important English company called ARM. From here, the decline of the largest US
company for producing chips will begin. In the early 2000s, Intel was one of
the largest companies in the world. Its bet is on the manufacture of
microprocessors for computers was one of its most important
bets in the nineties and early 2000s. But little by little, Apple's market
value began to outpace them without using their chips on the iPhone. Little by little, a company like
Facebook has not completed 4 years, and its value was
half the value of Intel. Intel in 2000, its market
valuation was about $300 billion. Currently, today, it has
fallen to $120 billion. This, my friend, is one of the most expensive
times to say the word "no" in history! Intel refused to enter the
mobile phone market. A company like NVIDIA, which is
interested in the field of graphics, does what is called Parallel Computing. To calculate more than one thing at the same
time, instead of a calculation after another. This company, Nvidia,
designs chips only, Not like Intel, which
designs and has FABs. This company, Nvidia, is
worth more than a trillion dollars. Intel is roughly a tenth of that number, Intel: $100 billion,
and Nvidia: $1 trillion. What is happening, my friend, is
that Intel begins to weaken with time. Companies like TSMC and Samsung
are starting to lead the chip industry And if you think about it, you will find
it a major political problem for the US. Because one of the companies
is in Taiwan, next to China, The second is in South Korea,
which is next to North Korea that keeps carrying out nuclear tests. Do you remember, my friend,
when I told you about Philips? And I told you,
remember that percentage is 27%? Philips, my friend,
only does it have 27% of TSMC, which is the largest
producer of chips in the world, but also had a small company in the
Netherlands, in a village called Eindhoven. This company was a Spin Off,
it became dependent, "This is a field on its own,
leave it to its own" This company is called ASML, This, my friend, is, for me, the most
impressive company in the whole thing! TSMC, my friend, in
order to make these chips, needs to get a lithography machine. the machine that prints
the transistors on the silicone bit. This machine is what ASML makes. This is one of the most
complex products of humanity. I know that you are tired now, and your
brain has no room for more information, but guess what? I
will tell you information! At first my friend, you made
the chip with 4 transistors. Over time, the transistors began to get
smaller and smaller and smaller. Until your Uncle Lanthrop told you, "It became too small
that you may need to use light to print your transistors
on the silicone pad." How will you do this? You will get a
light source, and you will get a mask, and control the light using this mask. Light enters and interacts
with our silicone bits, so we can print very small transistors. Of course, this is a too much simplification,
but its purpose is to explain it to you that we use light in the
lithography process, light! Using this form of lithography, makes us able to do things that
are hundreds of nanometers in size. To understand, a bacterial
cell is 1000 nanometers long. See what are we doing? Over time, lithography companies was able to operate with ultraviolet
rays, with a wavelength of 193 nanometers. That's almost the size of a virus! Did companies stop here? of course not,
they will continue the size reduction. The companies believed we can deliver
a special wavelength of ultraviolet rays to 13.5 nanometers, that means
approximately 4 atoms next to each other. Of course, my friend, to
do something like this, You won't go to Al-Bustan Mall,
you'll say, "I want a UV lamp." "Abo Hmeed, how do
companies do these x-rays?" The idea, my friend, is that you
still have tin balls where laser hits twice, once to equate this ball, the second time, to let its temperature
reach half a million degrees Celsius. "Oh Abo Hmeed, is half a million
degrees Celsius hotter than tea?" my friend, the issue is
a little bigger than that! Half a million degrees Celsius
means hotter than the sun. Way hotter than the sun. The process of passing
these little balls of tin for each one of them to be hit with
laser twice and creates plasma, this process happens 50 thousand times. "Oh! 50 thousand times,
Abo Hmeed, in life? Too many!" 50 thousand times per second! The truth is, my friend, I don't
want to shock you with details. "Thank you, Abo Hmeed!" Of course to make a laser like this,
they also won't get it from Al Bustan Mall. They went to a company specialized
in laser manufacturing, called Trumpf. This company made
lasers for them in 10 years. Each laser has 457,329 parts. This is just the laser! Is this all? Should we shut
up and sit at home? No of course. The rays you made, in order
to direct them, you need mirrors. Here, they went to a
company called "Zeiss". The problem is that when you have
rays with a length of 13.5 nanometers, anything can be absorbed, even air. How do you make something
that reflects and not absorbs? Don't ask me how, but Zeiss succeeded in
creating the smoothest surface on the planet. I feel that you feel that this is normal! I will give you an example. If our mirror surface was
a country like Germany, the size of the impurities on this surface,
of the size of Germany, is 10 millimeters. 10 mm! I feel that you feel that this is normal! These mirrors make billions
of transistors on the chip. It needs to reflect light very accurately. ASML experts say their
devices are accurate that if you radiate light from the moon to
reach a coin on Earth, it hits it. ASML is indeed on the borders
of physics, technology, and engineering. It really sky rocketed! The explanation I am saying is the simplest
thing that can be said about the company. Indeed, its greatness is not only
in engineering and technology. Its true greatness is in the field
of supply chain management. ASML, my friend, to get this machine out, -by the way, it makes
25 to 30 machines a year- Each machine costs between
150 and 250 million dollars. It needs to work with thousands of
companies, thousands of suppliers, laser companies, lens companies,
software companies, and equipment companies, then after we collect them all,
disassemble them, and send them to the FABs. Those like TSMC and
Samsung, and then Intel. I feel that you feel that this
is normal! This is not normal. These machines, my friend, are
transported by 20 vans and 3 Boeing 747 planes. When the machine enters the FAB, it has the capacity to
operate 3,000 wafers per day. The Wafer is the
silicone area on which chips are placed. Chips use it. Each wafer has about 100 chips on it. Each chip contains 10 billion transistors. This company, my friend, has a 100%
monopoly on the lithography machines that use EUV, Extreme Ultra Violet. This is the only company,
my friend, in the world. This company, my friend, is
forbidden to sell to Russia. Forbidden to sell to China,
forbidden to sell to Ukraine. It is forbidden for anyone of
these nationalities to work there! In short we are talking about the most
important industry in the world, Chips. The industry that already
today competes with oil, The largest company in the world, the mobile
phone company Apple, designs chips. The second largest company in Asia produces
approximately 53% of the world's chips. This is more than the share of Saudi Arabia,
Russia, Canada and Iraq combined Of petroleum on the world market! Only one company! Let me, my friend, try to fill
the episode into half a loaf! This industry, my friend, is
divided into 3 important parts: The first section is
the Lithography section. The most prominent company
in this section is ASML. This company has a monopoly on
the most advanced part of lithography which is, again, the EUV. The company produces 100% of this machine. Let's go to the second section. The second part is the
companies that design, Most notably NVIDIA,
Apple and Qualcomm. These are companies that design the shape
of the chips according to their functions. The third part in this production line is
the FABs, or chip production companies. The 3 largest companies in this
space are Samsung, Intel, and TSMC. They're responsible for
producing 90% of the world's chips. These chips are found in mobile phones,
cars, and dishwashers. Besides warplanes and spaceships. If you pay attention, you will find this is
a very, very small number of companies. If you pay attention, you will notice there
is no talk today about Russia or China. Imagine that the world's factory (China)
has no role in this industry except at the last
station, it collects all this. All the difficult technology
comes from America and its allies. America and its allies have a
monopoly in the semiconductor industry. This is of course very worrying for China. And God willing, in a future episode, We will talk about the technological
war between China and America. Finally, my friend, while
writing this episode, I am, truly, proud of us as humanity, we make transistor
gates in the size of atoms. Today's thinnest transistor is
10,000 times thinner than a hair. The size of the smallest transistor
in the world is 1 nanometer. The size of the atom, the not
splittable, which means "not divisible," The size of an atom which is supposed
to be the smallest thing in the world, which is supposed to be, by
definition, cannot be divided. We knew later we could divide it, and
disasters would happen when we divided it! But the atom, my friend, can
reach half a nanometer in size. You make transistors
twice the size of the atom. This is the worst! I don't know what feelings you get
when you know information like this, but I feel very proud. Our lifespan on this planet,
and in this universe, is not much, 300 thousand years only, We are a commercial
break in the life of the planet! But we play and obey the laws of physics. The second thing that made me
curious was what happened in Asia. What happened in Asia
is amazing and inspiring. As we said, South Korea
was very poor in the 1960s, it was coming out of a civil war, Japan emerged from a world war,
and two nuclear bombs were dropped on it. Taiwan is always under
threat from the Chinese giant. Countries that were
completely broken, my friend, but what they did with their investments
in their local companies is amazing! What is most impressive are the
investments that are still being made. The US attracts chip companies with grants
and investments amounting to $50 billion. The European Union
intends to, in the next 10 years, invest more than 150 billion dollars. Fascinated, my friend, by the numbers? I feel that you feel that this is normal! Guess what, this is
really normal, my friend. Because Asia is investing
much more than this. TSMC will invest $100
billion in just 3 years. This is a company, not a state. It is also said that Korea
intends to invest $450 billion. It's expected that everything
in the world will be of smart technology, and as long as there is
intelligence, there must be chips. In the end, my friend, I
don't need to tell you, that you have to see the old episodes
and the new ones, look at the sources,
and subscribe if you're on YouTube.
